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Viruses Oct 2016Morbilliviruses share considerable structural and functional similarities. Even though disease severity varies among the respective host species, the underlying... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Morbilliviruses share considerable structural and functional similarities. Even though disease severity varies among the respective host species, the underlying pathogenesis and the clinical signs are comparable. Thus, insights gained with one morbillivirus often apply to the other members of the genus. Since the (CDV) causes severe and often lethal disease in dogs and ferrets, it is an attractive model to characterize morbillivirus pathogenesis mechanisms and to evaluate the efficacy of new prophylactic and therapeutic approaches. This review compares the cellular tropism, pathogenesis, mechanisms of persistence and immunosuppression of the (MeV) and CDV. It then summarizes the contributions made by studies on the CDV in dogs and ferrets to our understanding of MeV pathogenesis and to vaccine and drugs development.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Distemper Virus, Canine; Dogs; Ferrets; Humans; Immune Evasion; Immune Tolerance; Measles virus; Viral Tropism
PubMed: 27727184
DOI: 10.3390/v8100274 -
Viruses Aug 2023A new filovirus named Měnglà virus was found in bats in southern China in 2015. This species has been assigned to the new genus and has only been detected in China....
A new filovirus named Měnglà virus was found in bats in southern China in 2015. This species has been assigned to the new genus and has only been detected in China. In this article, we report the detection of filoviruses in bats captured in Vietnam. We studied 248 bats of 15 species caught in the provinces of Lai Chau and Son La in northern Vietnam and in the province of Dong Thap in the southern part of the country. Filovirus RNA was found in four and one from Lai Chau Province. Phylogenetic analysis of the polymerase gene fragment showed that three positive samples belong to , and two samples form a separate clade closer to . An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that 9% of , 13% of , and 10% of bats had antibodies to the glycoprotein of marburgviruses.
Topics: Animals; Filoviridae; Chiroptera; Vietnam; Phylogeny; Marburgvirus
PubMed: 37766193
DOI: 10.3390/v15091785 -
Archives of Virology Aug 2023The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Filoviridae Study Group continues to prospectively refine the established nomenclature for taxa included in...
Renaming of genera Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus to Orthoebolavirus and Orthomarburgvirus, respectively, and introduction of binomial species names within family Filoviridae.
The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Filoviridae Study Group continues to prospectively refine the established nomenclature for taxa included in family Filoviridae in an effort to decrease confusion of genus, species, and virus names and to adhere to amended stipulations of the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature (ICVCN). Recently, the genus names Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus were changed to Orthoebolavirus and Orthomarburgvirus, respectively. Additionally, all established species names in family Filoviridae now adhere to the ICTV-mandated binomial format. Virus names remain unchanged and valid. Here, we outline the revised taxonomy of family Filoviridae as approved by the ICTV in April 2023.
Topics: Marburgvirus; Ebolavirus; Filoviridae; Viruses
PubMed: 37537381
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05834-2 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Jan 2018Avian ganglioneuritis (AG) comprises one of the most intricate pathologies in avian medicine and is researched worldwide. Avian bornavirus (ABV) has been shown to be a... (Review)
Review
Avian ganglioneuritis (AG) comprises one of the most intricate pathologies in avian medicine and is researched worldwide. Avian bornavirus (ABV) has been shown to be a causative agent of proventricular dilatation disease in birds. The avian Bornaviridae represent a genetically diverse group of viruses that are widely distributed in captive and wild populations around the world. ABV and other infective agents are implicated as a cause of the autoimmune pathology that leads to AG, similar to human Guillain Barrè syndrome. Management of affected birds is beneficial and currently centered at reducing neurologic inflammation, managing secondary complications, and providing nutritional support.
Topics: Animals; Bird Diseases; Bornaviridae; Mononegavirales Infections; Neuritis; Parrots
PubMed: 29146031
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2017.08.009 -
Viruses Apr 2022Nipah henipavirus (NiV) and Hendra henipavirus (HeV) are zoonotic emerging paramyxoviruses causing severe disease outbreaks in humans and livestock, mostly in Australia,... (Review)
Review
Nipah henipavirus (NiV) and Hendra henipavirus (HeV) are zoonotic emerging paramyxoviruses causing severe disease outbreaks in humans and livestock, mostly in Australia, India, Malaysia, Singapore and Bangladesh. Both are bat-borne viruses and in humans, their mortality rates can reach 60% in the case of HeV and 92% for NiV, thus being two of the deadliest viruses known for humans. Several factors, including a large cellular tropism and a wide zoonotic potential, con-tribute to their high pathogenicity. This review provides an overview of HeV and NiV pathogenicity mechanisms and provides a summary of their interactions with the immune systems of their different host species, including their natural hosts bats, spillover-hosts pigs, horses, and humans, as well as in experimental animal models. A better understanding of the interactions between henipaviruses and their hosts could facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies and vaccine measures against these re-emerging viruses.
Topics: Animals; Chiroptera; Hendra Virus; Henipavirus Infections; Horses; Immune Evasion; Models, Animal; Nipah Virus; Swine
PubMed: 35632678
DOI: 10.3390/v14050936 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Cancer incidence and mortality are increasing rapidly worldwide, necessitating further investigation into developing and optimizing emergent cancer therapies. Oncolytic...
BACKGROUND
Cancer incidence and mortality are increasing rapidly worldwide, necessitating further investigation into developing and optimizing emergent cancer therapies. Oncolytic viruses such as vesicular stomatitis virus encoding interferon β (VSV-IFNβ) have attracted considerable attention, as they offer great efficacy and safety profiles. This systematic review aimed to determine and compare the efficacy profile between VSV-IFNβ and non-treatment controls in preclinical cancer models.
METHODOLOGY
The Embase and Medline databases were systematically searched for relevant studies using related key terms and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened, and data from eligible articles were extracted by two groups independently and in duplicate (two reviewers per group). Disagreements were resolved by a fifth independent reviewer. The included articles were all preclinical (translational) English studies that investigated and compared the efficacy profile between VSV-IFNβ and non-treatment controls in animal models. The risk of bias among the studies was assessed by two reviewers independently and in duplicate using SYRCLE's risk-of-bias tool for animal studies; disparities were addressed by a third independent reviewer.
RESULTS
After employing relevant MeSH and key terms, we identified 1598 articles. A total of 87 articles were either duplicates or conference proceedings and were thus excluded. Following title and abstract screening, 37 articles were included in the full-text assessment. Finally, 14 studies met the eligibility criteria. Forty-two experiments from the included studies examined the potential efficacy of VSV-IFNβ through different routes of administration, including intratumoral, intraperitoneal, and intravenous routes. Thirty-seven experiments reported positive outcomes. Meanwhile, five experiments reported negative outcomes, three and two of which examined intratumoral and intravenous VSV-IFNβ administration, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Although the majority of the included studies support the promising potential of VSV-IFNβ as an oncolytic virus, further research is necessary to ensure a safe and efficacious profile to translate its application into clinical trials.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42022335418.
Topics: Animals; Neoplasms; Oncolytic Virotherapy; Oncolytic Viruses; Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus; Vesiculovirus; Interferon-beta
PubMed: 37063914
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1085940 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2015In this review we summarize available data showing the abundance of structural disorder within the nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein (P) from three paramyxoviruses,... (Review)
Review
In this review we summarize available data showing the abundance of structural disorder within the nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein (P) from three paramyxoviruses, namely the measles (MeV), Nipah (NiV) and Hendra (HeV) viruses. We provide a detailed description of the molecular mechanisms that govern the disorder-to-order transition that the intrinsically disordered C-terminal domain (NTAIL) of their N proteins undergoes upon binding to the C-terminal X domain (XD) of the homologous P proteins. We also show that a significant flexibility persists within NTAIL-XD complexes, which therefore provide illustrative examples of "fuzziness". The functional implications of structural disorder for viral transcription and replication are discussed in light of the ability of disordered regions to establish a complex molecular partnership and to confer a considerable reach to the elements of the replicative machinery.
Topics: Intrinsically Disordered Proteins; Paramyxoviridae; Protein Conformation; Viral Proteins; Virus Replication
PubMed: 26387109
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20164-1_12 -
Viruses Nov 2016The measles virus (MeV) is a contagious pathogenic RNA virus of the family , genus , that can cause serious symptoms and even fetal complications. Here, we summarize... (Review)
Review
The measles virus (MeV) is a contagious pathogenic RNA virus of the family , genus , that can cause serious symptoms and even fetal complications. Here, we summarize current molecular advances in MeV research, and emphasize the connection between host cells and MeV replication. Although measles has reemerged recently, the potential for its eradication is promising with significant progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of its replication and host-pathogen interactions.
Topics: Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Measles virus; Virus Replication
PubMed: 27854326
DOI: 10.3390/v8110308 -
Viruses Oct 2019Canine distemper virus (CDV) and phocine distemper (PDV) are closely-related members of the family, genus , in the order . CDV has a broad host range among carnivores.... (Review)
Review
Canine distemper virus (CDV) and phocine distemper (PDV) are closely-related members of the family, genus , in the order . CDV has a broad host range among carnivores. PDV is thought to be derived from CDV through contact between terrestrial carnivores and seals. PDV has caused extensive mortality in Atlantic seals and other marine mammals, and more recently has spread to the North Pacific Ocean. CDV also infects marine carnivores, and there is evidence of infection of seals and other species in Antarctica. Recently, CDV has spread to felines and other wildlife species in the Serengeti and South Africa. Some CDV vaccines may also have caused wildlife disease. Changes in the virus haemagglutinin (H) protein, particularly the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) receptor binding site, correlate with adaptation to non-canine hosts. Differences in the phosphoprotein (P) gene sequences between disease and non-disease causing CDV strains may relate to pathogenicity in domestic dogs and wildlife. Of most concern are reports of CDV infection and disease in non-human primates raising the possibility of zoonosis. In this article we review the global occurrence of CDV and PDV, and present both historical and genetic information relating to these viruses crossing species barriers.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Wild; Cats; Cetacea; Climate Change; Distemper Virus, Canine; Distemper Virus, Phocine; Dogs; Host Specificity; Morbillivirus; Morbillivirus Infections; Pets; Primates; Viral Proteins
PubMed: 31615092
DOI: 10.3390/v11100944 -
Antiviral Research Feb 2019Filoviruses, which include Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus, are negative-sense RNA viruses associated with sporadic outbreaks of severe viral hemorrhagic fever... (Review)
Review
Filoviruses, which include Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus, are negative-sense RNA viruses associated with sporadic outbreaks of severe viral hemorrhagic fever characterized by uncontrolled virus replication. The extreme virulence and emerging nature of these zoonotic pathogens make them a significant threat to human health. Replication of the filovirus genome and production of viral RNAs require the function of a complex of four viral proteins, the nucleoprotein (NP), viral protein 35 (VP35), viral protein 30 (VP30) and large protein (L). The latter performs the enzymatic activities required for production of viral RNAs and capping of viral mRNAs. Although it has been recognized that interactions between the virus-encoded components of the EBOV RNA polymerase complex are required for viral RNA synthesis reactions, specific molecular details have, until recently, been lacking. New efforts have combined structural biology and molecular virology to reveal in great detail the molecular basis for critical protein-protein interactions (PPIs) necessary for viral RNA synthesis. These efforts include recent studies that have identified a range of interacting host factors and in some instances demonstrated unique mechanisms by which they act. For a select number of these interactions, combined use of mutagenesis, over-expressing of peptides corresponding to PPI interfaces and identification of small molecules that disrupt PPIs have demonstrated the functional significance of virus-virus and virus-host PPIs and suggest several as potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Topics: Animals; Ebolavirus; Filoviridae; Host Microbial Interactions; Humans; Marburgvirus; Protein Binding; RNA, Viral; Viral Proteins; Virus Diseases; Virus Replication
PubMed: 30550800
DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.12.006