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Biochemical and Biophysical Research... Jul 2015Motilin and ghrelin are gastrointestinal hormones that stimulate the migrating motor complex (MMC) of gastrointestinal motility during the fasting state. In this study,...
Motilin and ghrelin are gastrointestinal hormones that stimulate the migrating motor complex (MMC) of gastrointestinal motility during the fasting state. In this study, we examined the effect of motilin and ghrelin on pepsinogen secretion in anesthetized suncus (house musk shrew, Suncus murinus), a ghrelin- and motilin-producing mammal. By using a gastric lumen-perfusion system, we found that the intravenous administration of carbachol and motilin stimulated pepsinogen secretion, the latter in a dose-dependent manner, whereas ghrelin had no effect. We then investigated the pathways of motilin-induced pepsinogen secretion using acetylcholine receptor antagonists. Treatment with atropine, a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, completely inhibited both carbachol and motilin-induced pepsinogen secretion. Motilin-induced pepsinogen secretion was observed in the vagotomized suncus. This is the first report demonstrating that motilin stimulates pepsinogen secretion, and suggest that this effect occurs through a cholinergic pathway in suncus.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Ghrelin; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Motilin; Muscarinic Antagonists; Pepsinogen A; Shrews; Vagotomy
PubMed: 25957475
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.129 -
Microbiome Jun 2023Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic condition characterized by neutrophilic inflammation and recurrent infection of the airways. How these processes are initiated and... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic condition characterized by neutrophilic inflammation and recurrent infection of the airways. How these processes are initiated and perpetuated in CF remains largely unknown. We have demonstrated a link between the intestinal microbiota-related metabolites bile acids (BA) and inflammation in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from children with stable CF lung disease. To establish if BA indicate early pathological processes in CF lung disease, we combined targeted mass spectrometry and amplicon sequencing-based microbial characterization of 121 BALF specimens collected from 12-month old infants with CF enrolled in the COMBAT-CF study, a multicentre randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial comparing azithromycin versus placebo. We evaluated whether detection of BA in BALF is associated with the establishment of the inflammatory and microbial landscape of early CF lung disease, and whether azithromycin, a motilin agonist that has been demonstrated to reduce aspiration of gastric contents, alters the odds of detecting BA in BALF. We also explored how different prophylactic antibiotics regimens impact the early life BALF microbiota.
RESULTS
Detection of BA in BALF was strongly associated with biomarkers of airway inflammation, more exacerbation episodes during the first year of life, increased use of oral antibiotics with prolonged treatment periods, a higher degree of structural lung damage, and distinct microbial profiles. Treatment with azithromycin, a motilin agonist, which has been reported to reduce aspiration of gastric contents, did not reduce the odds of detecting BA in BALF. Culture and molecular methods showed that azithromycin does not alter bacterial load or diversity in BALF. Conversely, penicillin-type prophylaxis reduced the odds of detecting BAs in BALF, which was associated with elevated levels of circulating biomarkers of cholestasis. We also observed that environmental factors such as penicillin-type prophylaxis or BAs detection were linked to distinct early microbial communities of the CF airways, which were associated with different inflammatory landscapes but not with structural lung damage.
CONCLUSIONS
Detection of BA in BALF portend early pathological events in CF lung disease. Benefits early in life associated with azithromycin are not linked to its antimicrobial properties. Video Abstract.
Topics: Humans; Infant; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Bile Acids and Salts; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Cystic Fibrosis; Inflammation; Motilin; Penicillins
PubMed: 37312128
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01543-9 -
Cell and Tissue Research Jan 2020Recent studies reveal substantial species and regional differences in enteroendocrine cell (EEC) populations, including differences in patterns of hormone coexpression,...
Recent studies reveal substantial species and regional differences in enteroendocrine cell (EEC) populations, including differences in patterns of hormone coexpression, which limit extrapolation between animal models and human. In this study, jejunal samples, with no histologically identifiable pathology, from patients undergoing Whipple's procedure were investigated for the presence of gastrointestinal hormones using double- and triple-labelling immunohistochemistry and high-resolution confocal microscopy. Ten hormones (5-HT, CCK, secretin, proglucagon-derived peptides, PYY, GIP, somatostatin, neurotensin, ghrelin and motilin) were localised in EEC of the human jejunum. If only single staining is considered, the most numerous EEC were those containing 5-HT, CCK, ghrelin, GIP, motilin, secretin and proglucagon-derived peptides. All hormones had some degree of colocalisation with other hormones. This included a population of EEC in which GIP, CCK and proglucagon-derived peptides are costored, and four 5-HT cell populations, 5-HT/GIP, 5-HT/ghrelin, 5-HT/PYY, and 5-HT/secretin cell groups, and a high degree of overlap between motilin and ghrelin. The presence of 5-HT in many secretin cells is consistent across species, whereas lack of 5-HT and CCK colocalisation distinguishes human from mouse. It seems likely that the different subclasses of 5-HT cells subserve different roles. At a subcellular level, we examined the vesicular localisation of secretin and 5-HT, and found these to be separately stored. We conclude that hormone-containing cells in the human jejunum do not comply with a one-cell, one-hormone classification and that colocalisations of hormones are likely to define subtypes of EEC that have different roles.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cell Count; Enteroendocrine Cells; Female; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Humans; Jejunum; Male; Serotonin
PubMed: 31478137
DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03099-3 -
Iranian Journal of Public Health Nov 2021The aim of the present study was to systematically review the efficacy and safety of mecobalamin combined with prokinetic agents in diabetic gastroparesis (DGP). (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The aim of the present study was to systematically review the efficacy and safety of mecobalamin combined with prokinetic agents in diabetic gastroparesis (DGP).
METHODS
A variety of databases were searched from inception to Nov 2, 2018. RCTs of mecobalamin combined with prokinetic agents group (experimental group) versus prokinetic agents only group (control group) in DGP were included. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0 were used to perform the meta-analysis. Finally, 24 RCTs with 1,878 patients were included.
RESULTS
The total efficacy rate was significantly higher in the experimental group (mecobalamin combined with prokinetic drugs) compared with the control group (prokinetic drugs alone) (<0.001), and the improvement was observed regardless of the administration route. Furthermore, the treatment group exhibited a significantly improved gastric emption rate (<0.001), motilin (<0.001) and recurrence rate (<0.001), and there was no statistical difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between two groups (=0.49).
CONCLUSION
Mecobalamin combined with prokinetic agents can significantly improve total efficacy rate and gastric emptying rate, decrease serum motilin and the recurrence rate without increasing adverse reactions in DGP. Thus, mecobalamin may can be used as a new therapeutic option for DGP.
PubMed: 35223590
DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v50i11.7570 -
Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs Nov 2014Chronic constipation (CC) is a common gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorder that significantly impairs the quality of life in affected subjects. As almost half of the... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Chronic constipation (CC) is a common gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorder that significantly impairs the quality of life in affected subjects. As almost half of the patients suffering from CC are not satisfied with currently available medicines, there is a need to develop new molecules with better effectiveness and tolerability.
AREAS COVERED
The authors include all experimental and clinical trials (up to Phase II) about new investigational drugs for the treatment of CC. The article identifies nine new agents: mitemcinal, TD-8954, YKP10811, itopride, RM-131, KWA-0711, elobixibat, velusetrag, and naronapride. All nine agents have shown prokinetic effects in different stages of the development. The mechanisms of new developing drugs include: the activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine type-4 (5-HT4), ghrelin and motilin receptors, antagonizing dopamine type-2 (D2) receptors, inhibition of ileal bile acid reabsorption and acetylcholine esterase, as well as water absorption from the GI tract.
EXPERT OPINION
At this current point in time, new generations of 5-HT4 receptor agonists (velusetrag, noranopride and YKP10811) are hoped to progress, further in the future, due to better efficiency and safety. However, it is not possible to make a concise conclusion at this current time due to a lack of evidence. Further clinical trials with a longer duration and a larger sample size are warranted.
Topics: Animals; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Constipation; Drug Design; Drugs, Investigational; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Quality of Life
PubMed: 24960333
DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.932770 -
Topics in Companion Animal Medicine Sep 2014Gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) is a devastating disease that most commonly affects large and giant-breed dogs. Though a number of risk factors have been associated... (Review)
Review
Gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) is a devastating disease that most commonly affects large and giant-breed dogs. Though a number of risk factors have been associated with the development of GDV, the etiology of GDV remains unclear. Abnormal gastric motility patterns and delayed gastric emptying have been previously described in dogs following GDV. Work evaluating the effects of gastropexy procedures and changes to gastric motility after experimental GDV has not found the same changes as those found in dogs with naturally occurring GDV. Although the role of abnormal gastric motility in dogs with GDV will need to be clarified with additional research, such study is likely to be facilitated by improved access to and development of noninvasive measurement techniques for the evaluation of gastric emptying and other motility parameters. In particular, the availability of Food and Drug Administration-approved wireless motility devices for the evaluation of gastrointestinal motility is particularly promising in the study of GDV and other functional gastrointestinal diseases of large and giant-breed dogs.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Gastric Dilatation; Gastric Emptying; Stomach Volvulus
PubMed: 25496922
DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2014.09.006 -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2022WeChat-based extended care has been widely applied in clinical practice such as preoperative assistance in children with congenital heart disease and children with...
OBJECTIVE
WeChat-based extended care has been widely applied in clinical practice such as preoperative assistance in children with congenital heart disease and children with ventricular septal defect. In this study, we aimed to explore the impacts of WeChat-based extended care on the growth and development of preterm infants (PIs) and the nursing satisfaction of their family members.
METHODS
From June 2019 to August 2021, 85 PIs and their mothers were selected as the research participants. Among them, 46 pairs receiving WeChat-based extended care were served as the WeChat group, and 39 pairs receiving routine extended care were taken as the control group. After 6 months of intervention, the two groups of PIs were compared in terms of physical development, IQ, and neurological and gastrointestinal functions. For mothers, their psychological states were assessed after intervention using the self-rating anxiety/depression scale (SAS/SDS), and the nursing satisfaction was counted.
RESULTS
After nursing intervention, better physical and IQ development of PIs were observed in the WeChat group compared with the control group ( < 0.05). The WeChat group also had notably reduced level of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and s100 protein related to nerve function than that in the control group and exhibited significant higher levels of serum gastrin (GAS) and motilin (MTL) associated with gastrointestinal function ( < 0.05). Besides, the WeChat group presented lower SAS and SDS scores and higher nursing satisfaction than the control group in delivery women ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
WeChat-based extended care can effectively improve the growth and development and various physical functions of PIs. At the same time, it is helpful to improve maternal psychological states and nursing satisfaction of delivery women, which is worth of clinical application.
PubMed: 35800015
DOI: 10.1155/2022/9987891 -
The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology... Jun 2022Chronic atrophic gastritis is a very common condition in the general clinical practice of gastroenterology. Tuina treatment is widely used clinically. The aim of our...
BACKGROUND
Chronic atrophic gastritis is a very common condition in the general clinical practice of gastroenterology. Tuina treatment is widely used clinically. The aim of our study was to investigate the mechanisms of tuina in rats with chronic atrophic gastritis.
METHODS
Fifty-six specific pathogen-free grade rats were employed for our study. They were divided into 5 groups and treated differ- ently. Body weight was recorded every week, and their small intestine propulsive ratio was measured after intragastric administration of carbon powder. Histopathological observation of gastric tissues was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The levels of motilin and gastrin in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the expression levels of Bcl-2 and cytochrome C were measured by the western blot assay.
RESULTS
There was no significant difference in body weight and small intestine propulsive ratio between the chronic atrophic gastritis model group and the tuina group (P > .05). However, we can see some significant changes in histomorphology after treatment with tuina. For example, the atrophy of gastric mucosal epithelium and glands had improved, and the inflammatory cells infiltrating the lamina propria were decreased significantly. Moreover, the level of gastrointestinal hormone GAS was increased (P < .001), and there was no statistically significant difference in motilin, Bcl-2, and cytochrome-c after treatment with tuina (P > .05).
CONCLUSION
Our research demonstrated the effectiveness of tuina treatment on chronic atrophic gastritis with a possible underlying mechanism that affected the secretion of gastric acid, which could provide some useful information for clinical application.
Topics: Animals; Atrophy; Body Weight; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis, Atrophic; Massage; Motilin; Rats
PubMed: 35786615
DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2022.21463 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Apr 2017To investigate the effects of Xiangbin prescription (XBP), a Chinese herbal concoction, on gastrointestinal motility. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
AIM
To investigate the effects of Xiangbin prescription (XBP), a Chinese herbal concoction, on gastrointestinal motility.
METHODS
Forty healthy volunteers were recruited for this randomized controlled trial of XBP. Antroduodenojejunal manometry was used to monitor gastrointestinal motility in these subjects. After the subjects had fasted for at least 12 h, XBP ( = 30) or placebo ( = 10) was orally administrated and gastrointestinal motility was recorded for 4 h. Plasma motilin and ghrelin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS
Oral administration of XBP significantly increased the amplitude of duodenal contractions [19.5 (13.0-26.7) 16.9 (12.3-23.9), < 0.05], jejunal contractions [18.3 (15.3-25.0) 15.4 (11.7-23.9), < 0.01], and the motility index of duodenal contractions [522.0 (146.0-139.0) 281.0 (76.5-1006.0), < 0.01] in phase II of the migratory motor complex (MMC), which subsequently initiated the MMC cycle [74.0 (30.0-118.0) 116.5 (24.0-219.0), < 0.05], shortened the duration of phase I of the MMC [42.0 (0.0-90.0) 111.5 (42.0-171.0), < 0.01], and lengthened the duration of phase II of the MMC [120 (21-240) 58 (16-170), < 0.01] compared to the duration before XBP administration. There were significant differences in the amplitude of jejunal contractions [19.8 (14.0-30.0) 18.0 (13.0-28.5), < 0.05], the motility index of duodenal contractions [236.0 (115.0-306.0) 195.0 (109.0-310.0), < 0.05)], and jejunal contractions [214.0 (95.0-403.0) 178.0 (55.0-304.0), < 0.01] in phase III of the MMC. Oral administration of XBP greatly increased plasma motilin (57.69 ± 9.03 49.38 ± 8.63, < 0.01) and ghrelin (279.20 ± 104.31 238.73 ± 115.59, < 0.01) concentrations compared to concentrations after oral administration of the placebo.
CONCLUSION
XBP can stimulate duodenal and jejunal motility and increase the concentrations of plasma motilin and ghrelin. The clinical applicability of XBP in treating GDIM deserves investigation.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; China; Double-Blind Method; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Duodenum; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Gastrointestinal Motility; Ghrelin; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Jejunum; Male; Manometry; Motilin; Time Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 28522917
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i16.2987 -
JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral... Mar 2015Gut hormones play an important role in the adaptation of the immature neonatal gut, and their secretion may be modulated by prebiotics. Furthermore, prebiotics are well... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Gut hormones play an important role in the adaptation of the immature neonatal gut, and their secretion may be modulated by prebiotics. Furthermore, prebiotics are well known for their hypolipidemic potentials. We tested the hypothesis that prebiotics could alter motilin and gastrin secretion and reduce lipids in healthy preterms.
METHODS
A total of 167 newborns were randomized to either a prebiotics enriched formula containing dietary oligosaccharides (short-chain galacto-oligo-saccharides/long-chain fructo-oligo-saccharides [scGOS/lcFOS]), at a concentration of 0.8 g/100 ml, or a common preterm formula. Day 1 and 16 basal motilin, gastrin concentrations, and lipids were evaluated together with growth parameters, gastric residue, bowel habits, and feeding tolerance. Adverse events including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and septicemia were also recorded.
RESULTS
Mean motilin increase and day 16 mean values were greater for the intervention, compared with the control group (P = .001, P = .005, respectively), while gastrin remained high in both groups. Mean cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) increase were significantly greater in the control, compared with the intervention (P = .037, and P = .001) group. Day 16 LDL levels were significantly higher in the control group. Mean weight was increased in the control group, while gastric residue was less and stool frequency was increased in the intervention group. NEC and septicemia were not statistically different between groups.
CONCLUSION
A prebiotics enriched formula resulted in significant surge of motilin relating to reduced gastric residue, compared with a common preterm formula. Mean cholesterol change was lower, while LDL was not increased in the prebiotics group, compared with the control group.
Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, LDL; Defecation; Double-Blind Method; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing; Feces; Female; Gastric Emptying; Gastrins; Gastrointestinal Tract; Growth; Humans; Incidence; Infant Formula; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Motilin; Oligosaccharides; Prebiotics; Pregnancy; Sepsis; Young Adult
PubMed: 24233255
DOI: 10.1177/0148607113510182