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Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2020Movement disorders in women during pregnancy are uncommon. Therefore, high quality studies are limited, and guidelines are lacking for the treatment of movement... (Review)
Review
Movement disorders in women during pregnancy are uncommon. Therefore, high quality studies are limited, and guidelines are lacking for the treatment of movement disorders in pregnancy, thus posing a significant therapeutic challenge for the treating physicians. In this chapter, we discuss movement disorders that arise during pregnancy and the preexisting movement disorders during pregnancy. Common conditions encountered in pregnancy include but are not limited to restless legs syndrome, chorea gravidarum, Parkinson disease, essential tremor, and Huntington disease as well as more rare movement disorders (Wilson's disease, dystonia, etc.). This chapter summarizes the published literature on movement disorders and pharmacologic and surgical considerations for neurologists and physicians in other specialties caring for patients who are pregnant or considering pregnancy.
Topics: Dystonia; Essential Tremor; Female; Hepatolenticular Degeneration; Humans; Huntington Disease; Movement Disorders; Parkinson Disease; Pregnancy
PubMed: 32768090
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64240-0.00013-1 -
Current Opinion in Neurology Aug 2015Although movement disorders are traditionally viewed as chronic diseases that are followed electively, a growing number of these patients present with acute, severe... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Although movement disorders are traditionally viewed as chronic diseases that are followed electively, a growing number of these patients present with acute, severe syndromes or complications of their underlying neurological problem. Identifying and managing movement disorders emergencies is challenging, even for the specialist. This review summarizes evidence outlining the clinical presentation of acute, life-threatening movement disorders.
RECENT FINDINGS
We review the most significant aspects in the most common movement disorders emergencies, including acute complications related to Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism, serotonergic, and neuroleptic malignant syndromes, chorea, ballismus, dystonia, myoclonus, and tics.
SUMMARY
The increasing amount of information delineating the descriptions of movement disorders emergencies provides means for more effective prevention, identification, and management for the nonspecialist. Although the commonest of these syndromes eventually have a good outcome, serious conditions such as neuroleptic malignant syndrome and status dystonicus may induce substantial rates of morbidity and mortality. This review re-emphasizes the need for their prompt identification and management.
Topics: Acute Disease; Disease Management; Emergencies; Humans; Movement Disorders
PubMed: 26110802
DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000212 -
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics... Aug 2016Orofacial movement disorders (OMDs) include dystonia, dyskinesia, drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions, and bruxism. The definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology,... (Review)
Review
Orofacial movement disorders (OMDs) include dystonia, dyskinesia, drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions, and bruxism. The definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, and management are detailed. OMDs are often disabling and affect patients' overall quality of life with pain, difficulty chewing food, speech difficulty, drooling, and social embarrassment. Management involves medications, botulinum toxin injections, and peripheral or central surgery. Botulinum toxin injections are the most effective management, often used in conjunction with medications. Surgery is the last resort for patients who fail to respond to medications or develop resistance to botulinum toxin type A.
Topics: Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Bruxism; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Movement Disorders; Neuromuscular Agents; Pain Management; Pain Measurement; Quality of Life; Stomatognathic Diseases
PubMed: 27475514
DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2016.03.003 -
Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2016Autoimmune movement disorders encapsulate a large and diverse group of neurologic disorders occurring either in isolation or accompanying more diffuse autoimmune... (Review)
Review
Autoimmune movement disorders encapsulate a large and diverse group of neurologic disorders occurring either in isolation or accompanying more diffuse autoimmune encephalitic illnesses. The full range of movement phenomena has been described and, as they often occur in adults, many of the presentations can mimic neurodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington disease. Disorders may be ataxic, hypokinetic (parkinsonism), or hyperkinetic (myoclonus, chorea, tics, and other dyskinetic disorders). The autoantibody targets are diverse and include neuronal surface proteins such as leucine-rich, glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) and glycine receptors, as well as antibodies (such as intracellular antigens) that are markers of a central nervous system process mediated by CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. However, there are two conditions, stiff-person syndrome (also known as stiff-man syndrome) and progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM), that are always autoimmune movement disorders. In some instances (such as Purkinje cell cytoplasmic antibody-1 (PCA-1) autoimmunity), antibodies detected in serum and cerebrospinal fluid can be indicative of a paraneoplastic cause, and may direct the cancer search. In other instances (such as 65kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) autoimmunity), a paraneoplastic cause is very unlikely, and early treatment with immunotherapy may promote improvement or recovery. Here we describe the different types of movement disorder and the clinical features and antibodies associated with them, and discuss treatment.
Topics: Autoantibodies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Humans; Immunotherapy; Movement Disorders
PubMed: 27112684
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63432-0.00017-7 -
Current Opinion in Neurology Aug 2016The review highlights the most relevant recent developments in the field of functional movement disorders (FMD). (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The review highlights the most relevant recent developments in the field of functional movement disorders (FMD).
RECENT FINDINGS
The emphasis on making a 'positive' diagnosis has driven a renewed interest in assessing the value of simple clinical signs. Furthermore, an effort has been made to develop and test objective diagnostic tools. The association of FMD with several comorbidities is being acknowledged. Pathophysiological understanding has grown with the identification of new neurobiological abnormalities, including a decreased interoceptive sensitivity. Finally - and most importantly - the recognition of the potential benefits of specialized physiotherapy is changing FMD management.
SUMMARY
The field of FMD is moving forward on a number of fronts, including diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment. A major priority for future research is providing robust evidence regarding treatment.
Topics: Comorbidity; Humans; Movement Disorders
PubMed: 27310536
DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000350 -
Expert Opinion on Drug Safety Jun 2015Drug-induced movement disorders (DIMDs) can be elicited by several kinds of pharmaceutical agents. The major groups of offending drugs include antidepressants,... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Drug-induced movement disorders (DIMDs) can be elicited by several kinds of pharmaceutical agents. The major groups of offending drugs include antidepressants, antipsychotics, antiepileptics, antimicrobials, antiarrhythmics, mood stabilisers and gastrointestinal drugs among others.
AREAS COVERED
This paper reviews literature covering each movement disorder induced by commercially available pharmaceuticals. Considering the magnitude of the topic, only the most prominent examples of offending agents were reported in each paragraph paying a special attention to the brief description of the pathomechanism and therapeutic options if available.
EXPERT OPINION
As the treatment of some DIMDs is quite challenging, a preventive approach is preferable. Accordingly, the use of the offending agents should be strictly limited to appropriate indications and they should be applied in as low doses and as short duration as the patient's condition allows. As most of DIMDs are related to an unspecific adverse action of medications in the basal ganglia and the cerebellum, future research should focus on better characterisation of the neurochemical profile of the affected functional systems, in addition to the development of drugs with higher selectivity and better side-effect profile.
Topics: Basal Ganglia; Cerebellum; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Humans; Movement Disorders
PubMed: 25981904
DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2015.1032244 -
Neurologic Clinics Feb 2015Movement disorders are frequently a result of prescription drugs or of illicit drug use. This article focuses on prescribed drugs but briefly mentions drugs of abuse.... (Review)
Review
Movement disorders are frequently a result of prescription drugs or of illicit drug use. This article focuses on prescribed drugs but briefly mentions drugs of abuse. The main emphasis is on movement disorders caused by dopamine receptor-blocking agents. However, movement disorders caused by other drugs are also briefly discussed.
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Dopamine Agents; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Humans; Movement Disorders
PubMed: 25432728
DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2014.09.011 -
La Revue Du Praticien Jan 2022
Topics: Dyskinesias; Humans; Movement Disorders; Parkinson Disease
PubMed: 35258263
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Neurology and Neuroscience... Feb 2019We provide a review of the movement disorders that complicate selected metabolic disorders, including the abnormal movements that may appear during or after their... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
We provide a review of the movement disorders that complicate selected metabolic disorders, including the abnormal movements that may appear during or after their treatment.
RECENT FINDINGS
Movement disorders may be underrecognized when arising in the context of a broad range of metabolic disorders. Abnormal movements may occur as the initial manifestation of a systemic disease, at any time during its course, or as a result of the medical interventions required for its management. Ascertaining movement phenomenology in acute and subacute presentations may assist in the determination of the specific underlying metabolic disorder. The management of movement disorders associated with metabolic disorders depends on the underlying pathophysiology.
Topics: Dyskinesias; Humans; Metabolic Diseases; Movement Disorders
PubMed: 30739241
DOI: 10.1007/s11910-019-0921-3 -
Seminars in Pediatric Neurology Apr 2018The acute development of a movement disorder is often a dramatic and frightening experience for patients and families, often requiring urgent or emergent evaluation by a... (Review)
Review
The acute development of a movement disorder is often a dramatic and frightening experience for patients and families, often requiring urgent or emergent evaluation by a neurologist. In the assessment of these patients, one relies on the history, physical and neurologic examination to determine the etiology of the condition. We aim to demonstrate that a thorough medication history is an incredibly critical part of this evaluation as iatrogenic movement disorders can arise from exposure not only to psychoactive medications, but from drugs prescribed for a variety of nonneurologic disorders. This comprehensive review is organized by movement disorder semiology so that the reader can more readily develop a differential diagnosis when evaluating a patient with a movement disorder.
Topics: Child; Humans; Iatrogenic Disease; Movement Disorders
PubMed: 29735109
DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2018.02.005