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Pathologica Mar 2018Lung cancer is the most frequent human malignancy and the principal cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Adenocarcinoma is now the main histologic type, accounting... (Review)
Review
Lung cancer is the most frequent human malignancy and the principal cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Adenocarcinoma is now the main histologic type, accounting for almost half of all the cases. The 2015 World Health Organization has adopted the classification recently developed by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, American Thoracic Society, and European Respiratory Society. This new adenocarcinoma classification has incorporated up-to-date advances in radiological, molecular and oncological knowledge, providing univocal diagnostic criteria and terminology. For resection specimens, new entities have been defined such as adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma to designate adenocarcinomas, mostly nonmucinous and ≤ 3 cm in size, with either pure lepidic growth or predominant lepidic growth with ≤ 5 mm invasion, respectively. For invasive adenocarcinoma, the new classification has introduced histological subtyping according to the predominant pattern of growth of the neoplastic cells: lepidic (formerly non mucinous brochioloalveolar adenocarcinoma), acinar, papillary, micropapillary, and solid. Of note, micropapillary pattern is a brand new histologic subtype. In addition, four variants of invasive adenocarcinoma are recognized, namely invasive mucinous (formerly mucinous brochioloalveolar adenocarcinoma), colloid, fetal, and enteric. Importantly, three variants that were considered in the previous classification have been eliminated, specifically mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, signet ring cell, and clear cell adenocarcinoma. This review presents the changes introduced by the current histological classification of lung adenocarcinoma and its prognostic implications.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenocarcinoma of Lung; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Prognosis
PubMed: 30259909
DOI: No ID Found -
The Oncologist Sep 2017Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMNs) are a rare and heterogeneous disease for which clinical management is challenging. We aim to review the literature regarding... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMNs) are a rare and heterogeneous disease for which clinical management is challenging. We aim to review the literature regarding modalities of treatment to guide the management of AMNs.
METHODS AND REVIEW CRITERIA
We conducted a PubMed search in February 2016 for English-language publications, using the terms "appendiceal," "appendix," "carcinoma," "cancer," "mucinous," "treatment," "genes," "target," "genomic," and terms listed in the articles' subheadings. Published reports and abstracts from the American Society of Clinical Oncology meetings were also searched.
RESULTS
In this review, we summarize current data and controversies in AMN classification, clinical presentation, molecular alterations, treatment outcomes with regard to cytoreductive surgery, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), and the role of systemic chemotherapy.
CONCLUSION
Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms are a heterogeneous group of tumors with a rising incidence. Treatment is based on stage and histology. Low-grade tumors are treated surgically with resection of the primary site in early stage disease, or peritoneal debulking and HIPEC in patients with advanced stage disease. Treatment of high-grade tumors requires further prospective trials, and options include debulking surgery and HIPEC with or without preoperative chemotherapy. Trials evaluating novel therapies based on the molecular profiling of AMN tumors are needed to evaluate therapeutic options in patients who are not surgical candidates.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
This review provides a reference to guide gastroenterologists, pathologists, surgeons, and oncologists in the management of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMNs), a rare and heterogeneous disease with no consensus on histologic classification or guidelines for treatment algorithms. This review summarizes all AMN classifications and proposes a treatment algorithm based on stage and histology of disease.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Appendiceal Neoplasms; Appendix; Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures; Humans; Hyperthermia, Induced; Neoplasm Staging; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Rare Diseases; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28663356
DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2017-0081 -
Cancer Communications (London, England) Mar 2019Mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma is a distinct subtype of colorectal cancer (CRC) characterized by the presence of abundant extracellular mucin which accounts for at... (Review)
Review
Mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma is a distinct subtype of colorectal cancer (CRC) characterized by the presence of abundant extracellular mucin which accounts for at least 50% of the tumor volume. Mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma is found in 10%-20% of CRC patients and occurs more commonly in female and younger patients. Moreover, mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma is more frequently located in the proximal colon and diagnosed at an advanced stage. Based on its molecular context, mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma is associated with the overexpression of mucin 2 (MUC2) and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) proteins. At the same time, it shows higher mutation rates in the fundamental genes of the RAS/MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. Mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma also shows higher rates of microsatellite instability (MSI) than non-mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma which might correlate it with Lynch syndrome and the CpG island methylator phenotype. The prognosis of mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma as to non-mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma is debatable. Further, the impaired responses of mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma to palliative or adjuvant chemotherapy warrant more studies to be performed for a specialized treatment for these patients. In this review, we discuss the molecular background and histopathology of mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma, and provide an update on its prognosis and therapeutics from recent literatures.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Colorectal Neoplasms; Humans; Prognosis
PubMed: 30922401
DOI: 10.1186/s40880-019-0361-0 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Mar 2019
Review
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Antineoplastic Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Ovarian Neoplasms; Transcriptome
PubMed: 30917260
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1813254 -
Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) Feb 2020Mucinous carcinoma (MC) is a rare breast cancer characterized by the presence of large extracellular mucin amount. Two main subtypes can be distinguished: pure (PMC) and... (Review)
Review
Mucinous carcinoma (MC) is a rare breast cancer characterized by the presence of large extracellular mucin amount. Two main subtypes can be distinguished: pure (PMC) and mixed (MMC). We conducted a retrospective MC analysis in our prospective maintained database, calculating disease-free survival (DFS) and 5-year overall survival (OS). We found a global 92.1% OS (higher in MMC group and statistically significative) and a DFS of 95.3% (higher in MMC group but not statistically significative).
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Breast Neoplasms; Combined Modality Therapy; Databases, Factual; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Italy; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Survival Analysis; Tertiary Care Centers
PubMed: 31783314
DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2019.11.002 -
Surgical Pathology Clinics Jun 2019Ovarian mucinous tumors range from benign cystadenomas to borderline tumors to frankly malignant adenocarcinomas, and may display either intestinal-type morphology or,... (Review)
Review
Ovarian mucinous tumors range from benign cystadenomas to borderline tumors to frankly malignant adenocarcinomas, and may display either intestinal-type morphology or, less frequently, endocervical-type differentiation. The latter category has been the subject of recent controversy owing to its morphologic overlap with so-called "seromucinous" ovarian tumors, a group that shares more molecular features with endometrioid tumors than it does with either serous or mucinous ovarian neoplasias. Endocervical-type differentiation in ovarian mucinous tumors may also represent an endocervical metastasis. Distinction of primary ovarian mucinous tumors from gastrointestinal metastases can be difficult, as the morphology of intestinal-type ovarian mucinous primaries sometimes differs only subtly if at all from gastrointestinal metastases.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cystadenoma, Mucinous; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Ovarian Neoplasms
PubMed: 31097115
DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2019.01.008 -
Medicina Clinica Dec 2023
Topics: Humans; Pseudomyxoma Peritonei; Peritoneal Neoplasms; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous
PubMed: 37423876
DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2023.05.015 -
Modern Pathology : An Official Journal... Jan 2018Primary mucinous tumors and secondary tumors involving the prostate gland are relatively uncommon, however they have important diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic... (Review)
Review
Primary mucinous tumors and secondary tumors involving the prostate gland are relatively uncommon, however they have important diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic implications. The primary mucinous tumors of the prostate include mucinous (colloid) adenocarcinoma of the prostate, prostatic adenocarcinoma with mucinous features, and mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostatic urethra (mucin-producing urothelial-type adenocarcinoma of the prostate). Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate is defined as a primary prostatic acinar tumor characterized by the presence of at least 25% of the tumor composed of glands with extraluminal mucin. This diagnosis can only be made in radical prostatectomy specimens. Recent studies have shown that these tumors have a similar or in some cases better prognosis than conventional prostatic adenocarcinoma treated by radical prostatectomy. The preferred terminology for tumors that are composed of <25% extraluminal mucinous component in radical prostatectomy specimens is 'prostatic adenocarcinoma with mucinous features.' All cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma with extraluminal mucinous components in prostate needle core biopsies or transurethral resection of the prostate specimens are also referred to as 'prostatic adenocarcinoma with mucinous features.' Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostatic urethra (mucin-producing urothelial-type adenocarcinoma of the prostate) as the name implies, does not arise from prostatic acini or ducts, and is a distinct entity that arises from the prostatic urethra usually from urethritis glandularis or glandular metaplasia with malignant transformation, and is analogous to adenocarcinoma with mucinous differentiation arising from the urinary bladder. This tumor is aggressive and has a relatively poor prognosis. The most common secondary tumors that arise from adjacent organs and spread (direct extension or metastasis) to the prostate gland, include urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and colorectal adenocarcinoma. Other secondary tumors that may involve the prostate include metastatic epithelial tumors from several other sites, malignant melanoma and soft tissue tumors.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biopsy, Large-Core Needle; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Grading; Prostate; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Terminology as Topic; Urethral Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Young Adult
PubMed: 29297488
DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.132 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Nov 2019Rectal adenocarcinoma with mucinous components is an uncommon type of rectal cancer with two distinct histologic subtypes: mucinous adenocarcinoma and signet-ring cell... (Review)
Review
Rectal adenocarcinoma with mucinous components is an uncommon type of rectal cancer with two distinct histologic subtypes: mucinous adenocarcinoma and signet-ring cell carcinoma. Mucin can also be identified as pattern of response after neoadjuvant treatment. On imaging modalities, mucin typically demonstrates high signal intensity on T2-weighted images, low attenuation on computed tomography, and may be negative on 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. After neoadjuvant CRT, cellular and acellular mucin share similar imaging features, and differentiating them is currently the main challenge faced by radiologists. Radiologists should be aware of pros, cons, and limitations of each imaging modality in the primary staging and restaging to avoid misinterpretation of the radiological findings.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Chemoradiotherapy; Humans; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Neoplasm Staging; Rectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 30993392
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-02019-x -
Surgical Pathology Clinics Jun 2019Endocervical adenocarcinomas (EAs) account for 25% of all primary cervical carcinomas. Approximately 85% of EAs are driven by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)... (Review)
Review
Endocervical adenocarcinomas (EAs) account for 25% of all primary cervical carcinomas. Approximately 85% of EAs are driven by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, the most common of which is the so-called usual type endocervical adenocarcinomas. Non-HPV-driven subtypes harbor distinct clinicopathologic features and prognosis and have been increasingly recognized in recent years, which has led to efforts to improve classification of EA based on clinically relevant and reproducible criteria. This review discusses a recently proposed classification system, the International Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Criteria and Classification, which uniquely integrates morphology, cause/pathogenesis, and biological behavior of HPV and non-HPV-driven subtypes of EA.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Female; Humans; Neoplasm Staging; Papillomavirus Infections; Prognosis; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 31097105
DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2019.01.002