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Annual Review of Virology Sep 2019Autism is a developmental disability that can cause significant social, communication, and behavioral challenges. A report published in 1998, but subsequently retracted... (Review)
Review
Autism is a developmental disability that can cause significant social, communication, and behavioral challenges. A report published in 1998, but subsequently retracted by the journal, suggested that measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine causes autism. However, autism is a neurodevelopmental condition that has a strong genetic component with genesis before one year of age, when MMR vaccine is typically administered. Several epidemiologic studies have not found an association between MMR vaccination and autism, including a study that found that MMR vaccine was not associated with an increased risk of autism even among high-risk children whose older siblings had autism. Despite strong evidence of its safety, some parents are still hesitant to accept MMR vaccination of their children. Decreasing acceptance of MMR vaccination has led to outbreaks or resurgence of measles. Health-care providers have a vital role in maintaining confidence in vaccination and preventing suffering, disability, and death from measles and other vaccine-preventable diseases.
Topics: Autistic Disorder; Humans; Measles; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Mumps; Rubella
PubMed: 30986133
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-092818-015515 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2020Mumps is an important childhood infectious disease caused by mumps virus (MuV). We reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and vaccine development of mumps. Previous... (Review)
Review
Mumps is an important childhood infectious disease caused by mumps virus (MuV). We reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and vaccine development of mumps. Previous studies were identified using the key words "mumps" and "epidemiology", "pathogenesis" or "vaccine" in MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. We excluded the articles that were not published in the English language, manuscripts without abstracts, and opinion articles from the review. The number of cases caused by MuV decreased steeply after the introduction of the mumps vaccine worldwide. In recent years, a global resurgence of mumps cases in developed countries and cases of aseptic meningitis caused by some mumps vaccine strains have renewed the importance of MuV infection worldwide. The performance of mumps vaccination has become an important issue for controlling mumps infections. Vaccine development and routine vaccination are still effective measures to globally reduce the incidence of mumps infections. During outbreaks, a third of MMR vaccine is recommended for groups of persons determined by public authorities.
Topics: Child; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Meningitis, Aseptic; Mumps; Mumps virus
PubMed: 32150969
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051686 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021The causative agent of mumps is a single-stranded, non-segmented, negative sense RNA virus belonging to the family. Besides the classic symptom of painfully swollen... (Review)
Review
The causative agent of mumps is a single-stranded, non-segmented, negative sense RNA virus belonging to the family. Besides the classic symptom of painfully swollen parotid salivary glands (parotitis) in mumps virus (MuV)-infected men, orchitis is the most common form of extra-salivary gland inflammation. Mumps orchitis frequently occurs in young adult men, and leads to pain and swelling of the testis. The administration of MuV vaccines in children has been proven highly effective in reducing the incidence of mumps. However, a recent global outbreak of mumps and the high rate of orchitis have recently been considered as threats to male fertility. The pathogenesis of mumps orchitis remains largely unclear due to lack of systematic clinical data analysis and animal models studies. The alarming increase in the incidence of mumps orchitis and the high risk of the male fertility have thus become a major health concern. Recent studies have revealed the mechanisms by which MuV-host cells interact and MuV infection induces inflammatory responses in testicular cells. In this mini-review, we highlight advances in our knowledge of the clinical aspects and possible mechanisms of mumps orchitis.
Topics: Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Mumps; Mumps Vaccine; Mumps virus; Orchitis; Risk Factors; Vaccination
PubMed: 33815357
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.582946 -
The Journal of Pathology Jan 2015Mumps is caused by the mumps virus (MuV), a member of the Paramyxoviridae family of enveloped, non-segmented, negative-sense RNA viruses. Mumps is characterized by... (Review)
Review
Mumps is caused by the mumps virus (MuV), a member of the Paramyxoviridae family of enveloped, non-segmented, negative-sense RNA viruses. Mumps is characterized by painful inflammatory symptoms, such as parotitis and orchitis. The virus is highly neurotropic, with laboratory evidence of central nervous system (CNS) infection in approximately half of cases. Symptomatic CNS infection occurs less frequently; nonetheless, prior to the introduction of routine vaccination, MuV was a leading cause of aseptic meningitis and viral encephalitis in many developed countries. Despite being one of the oldest recognized diseases, with a worldwide distribution, surprisingly little attention has been given to its study. Cases of aseptic meningitis associated with some vaccine strains and a global resurgence of cases, including in highly vaccinated populations, has renewed interest in the virus, particularly in its pathogenesis and the need for development of clinically relevant models of disease. In this review we summarize the current state of knowledge on the virus, its pathogenesis and its clinical and pathological outcomes.
Topics: Animals; Biopsy; Disease Models, Animal; Genotype; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Mumps; Mumps Vaccine; Mumps virus; Pathology, Molecular; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Virology; Virulence
PubMed: 25229387
DOI: 10.1002/path.4445 -
Pediatrics in Review Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Mumps
PubMed: 37907416
DOI: 10.1542/pir.2022-005919 -
La Revue Du Praticien May 2023
Topics: Humans; Mumps
PubMed: 37309800
DOI: No ID Found -
Vaccine Aug 2018Measles, mumps, rubella and varicella are viral infections which can implicate seriously long-term sequelae of infected individuals or even the unborn child. Vaccines... (Review)
Review
Measles, mumps, rubella and varicella are viral infections which can implicate seriously long-term sequelae of infected individuals or even the unborn child. Vaccines against the individual diseases have long been available. Global measles vaccination is estimated to have prevented more than 20million deaths during 2000-2015. During the same time period, measles incidence decreased from 146 to 36 cases per million populations. Today vaccinations against measles, mumps, rubella and varicella are now carried out mainly with combination vaccines. These are today known as immunogenic and safe. MMRV had similar immunogenicity and overall safety profiles to MMR administered with or without varicella vaccine. This issue provides a review of the different vaccines, mode of administration, catch up immunization and postexposure prophylaxis as well as contraindications and adverse effects of the immunization against measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella. The article presents an overview of important information of preventing these diseases with a focus on the existing combination vaccines.
Topics: Chickenpox; Humans; Measles; Mumps; Rubella; Vaccination; Vaccines
PubMed: 28757060
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.051 -
JAMA Sep 2019
Topics: Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Mumps; Parotitis
PubMed: 31503310
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.10982 -
Journal of Special Operations Medicine... 2017
Topics: Humans; Immunoglobulin M; Infection Control; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Mumps; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Saliva; Urine
PubMed: 28599044
DOI: 10.55460/SWWG-QACE -
The Journal of Emergency Medicine Feb 2018Mumps is a Paramyxoviridae virus. This disease was rampant prior to introduction of the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine, resulting in decreased incidence. This... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Mumps is a Paramyxoviridae virus. This disease was rampant prior to introduction of the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine, resulting in decreased incidence. This disease has demonstrated several outbreaks.
OBJECTIVE
This review provides a focused evaluation of mumps, an update on outbreaks, management recommendations, and ways to decrease transmission.
DISCUSSION
Clusters of mumps outbreaks continue to occur. The virus is a paramyxovirus, a single-stranded RNA virus. The vaccine can provide lifelong immunity if administered properly, though prior to 1967 and introduction of the vaccine, the virus was common. In the past decade, there have been several notable outbreaks. Humans are the only known hosts, with disease spread through exposure to droplets and saliva. Factors affecting transmission include age, compromised immunity, time of year, travel, and vaccination status. Upper respiratory symptoms, fever, and headache are common, with unilateral or bilateral parotitis, and the virus may spread to other systems. Diagnosis is clinical, though polymerase chain reaction and immunoglobulin testing are available. This review provides several recommendations for vaccine in pregnancy, patients living in close quarters, health care personnel, and those immunocompromised. Treatment is generally supportive, with emphasis on proper isolation to prevent widespread outbreaks. Although reporting regulations and procedures vary by state, mumps is reportable in most states.
CONCLUSIONS
Mumps is an easily spread virus. Although vaccination is the most effective way to prevent transmission, early recognition of the disease is crucial. As an emergency physician, it is important to recognize the clinical presentation, recommended testing, treatment, and isolation procedures.
Topics: Disease Outbreaks; Fever; Humans; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Meningitis; Mumps; Muscle Rigidity; Paramyxovirinae; Vaccination
PubMed: 29110978
DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.08.037