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PLoS Pathogens May 2015
Review
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; Humans; Immunity; Mumps; Mumps virus; Treatment Outcome; Vaccines
PubMed: 25951183
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004791 -
Expert Review of Vaccines Jul 2021Measles, mumps, and rubella incidence decreased drastically following vaccination programs' implementation. However, measles and mumps' resurgence was recently reported,... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Measles, mumps, and rubella incidence decreased drastically following vaccination programs' implementation. However, measles and mumps' resurgence was recently reported, outbreaks still occur, and challenges remain to control these diseases.
AREAS COVERED
This qualitative narrative review provides an objective appraisal of the literature regarding current challenges in controlling measles, mumps, rubella infections, and interventions to address them.
EXPERT OPINION
While vaccines against measles, mumps, and rubella (including trivalent vaccines) are widely used and effective, challenges to control these diseases are mainly related to insufficient immunization coverage and changing vaccination needs owing to new global environment (e.g. traveling, migration, population density). By understanding disease transmission peculiarities by setting, initiatives are needed to optimize vaccination policies and increase vaccination coverage, which was further negatively impacted by COVID-19 pandemic. Also, awareness of the potential severity of infections and the role of vaccines should increase. Reminder systems, vaccination of disadvantaged, high-risk and difficult-to-reach populations, accessibility of vaccination, healthcare infrastructure, and vaccination services management should improve. Outbreak preparedness should be strengthened, including implementation of high-quality surveillance systems to monitor epidemiology. While the main focus should be on these public health initiatives to increase vaccination coverage, slightly more benefits could come from evolution of current vaccines.
Topics: Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Measles; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Mumps; Rubella; Vaccination; Vaccination Coverage; Vaccination Refusal
PubMed: 34096442
DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1927722 -
Current Opinion in Virology Feb 2020Vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) including measles and mumps have been re-emerging in countries with sustained high vaccine coverage. For mumps, waning immunity has... (Review)
Review
Vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) including measles and mumps have been re-emerging in countries with sustained high vaccine coverage. For mumps, waning immunity has been recognized as a major contributor to recent outbreaks. Although unvaccinated individuals account for most cases in recent measles outbreaks, the role of immune waning remains unclear. Accumulating serological and epidemiological evidence suggests that natural immunity induced by infection may be more durable compared to vaccine-induced immunity. As the proportion of population immunity via vaccination gradually increases and boosting through natural exposures becomes rare, risk of outbreaks may increase. Mechanistic insights into the coupled immuno-epidemiological dynamics of waning and boosting will be important to understand optimal vaccination strategies to combat VPD re-emergence and achieve eradication.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Measles virus; Mumps; Mumps Vaccine; Mumps virus
PubMed: 32634672
DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.05.009 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Mar 2020Lebanon has experienced several measles and mumps outbreaks in the past 20 years. In this article, a case-based surveillance of both measles and mumps outbreaks in...
BACKGROUND
Lebanon has experienced several measles and mumps outbreaks in the past 20 years. In this article, a case-based surveillance of both measles and mumps outbreaks in Lebanon was carried out in an attempt to outline factors contributing to the failure of elimination plans and to provide potential solutions. The relationship between the outbreaks of both diseases was described and explored.
METHODS
A retrospective descriptive study of confirmed cases of measles and mumps in Lebanon between 2003 and 2018 collected from the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health Epidemiological Surveillance Unit public database was carried out. The information collected was graphically represented taking into consideration dates of reported cases, age groups affected, and vaccination status.
RESULTS
The mean number of measles cases was 150.25 cases/year in the 1-4 years age group, 87 cases/year in individuals aging between 5 and 14, and 63.68 cases/year in those > 14 years old. In the latter group, only 18.05% were unvaccinated. The mean number of mumps cases was 30.4 cases/year in the < 4 year age group and 53.8 cases/year in the 10-19 years age group. During the study period, every spike in measles cases was followed by a similar spike in mumps. 9.66% of measles cases occurred in individuals who received at least 2 doses of the vaccine, 52.26% in the unvaccinated, and 38% in those whose vaccination status was undetermined.
CONCLUSIONS
Measles in Lebanon is a disease of the pediatric population, but adults remain at risk. Outbreaks of mumps followed those of measles and were mainly among adolescents. Presence of a large number of Syrian refugees in the country may further complicate the situation. Vaccination activities need to be intensified.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Humans; Infant; Lebanon; Male; Measles; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Morbillivirus; Mumps; Mumps virus; Public Health Surveillance; Refugees; Retrospective Studies; Vaccination; Young Adult
PubMed: 32216754
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-04956-1 -
Przeglad Epidemiologiczny 2016Vaccination against mumps from 2003 is mandatory in Poland and given as two dose scheme with MMR vaccine (mumps, measles, and rubella). Earlier this vaccination was only...
BACKGROUND
Vaccination against mumps from 2003 is mandatory in Poland and given as two dose scheme with MMR vaccine (mumps, measles, and rubella). Earlier this vaccination was only recommended. Despite observed decline in mumps incidence for over a decade which is a result of conducted vaccinations, mumps is still a common disease among the children.
AIM
To assess epidemiological situation of mumps in Poland in 2014, including vaccination coverage in Polish population, in comparison to previous years.
METHODS
The descriptive analysis was based on data retrieved from routine mandatory surveillance system and published in the annual bulletins “Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2014” and “Vaccinations in Poland in 2014” (1). Mumps cases were classified according to the criteria of surveillance case definition implemented in the European Union (Commission Decision of 28 April 2008 amending Decision 2002/253/EC). National Immunisation Programme for year 2014 was also used.
RESULTS
In total, there were 2 508 mumps cases registered in Poland in 2014. Incidence of mumps was 6.5 per 100,000 and it was higher by 3.1 % in comparison with 2013 and lower by 9.7 % in comparison with median for the years 2008-2012. The highest incidence rate was observed among children aged 4 years (61.3 per 100,000). Incidence in men (7.8 per 100,000) was higher than in women (5.3). In 2014, 31 people were hospitalized due to mumps. Vaccination coverage of children aged 3 years in Poland in 2013 was 97.0% and it was lower by 0.5 % in comparison with year 2013 (97.5 %).
CONCLUSIONS
Systematic execution of mumps vaccination in accordance with the National Immunisation Programme resulted in a significant decrease in the number of registered cases. Due to the high vaccination coverage further decline in the number of cases is expected.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Child; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Mass Vaccination; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Mumps; Poland; Registries; Rural Population; Sex Distribution; Urban Population; Young Adult
PubMed: 27779832
DOI: No ID Found -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Apr 2015Mumps is an infectious disease caused by the mumps virus. Chinese physicians generally believe that Chinese medicinal herbs are effective in alleviating symptoms and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Mumps is an infectious disease caused by the mumps virus. Chinese physicians generally believe that Chinese medicinal herbs are effective in alleviating symptoms and reducing the duration of mumps. Herbalists tend to develop a treatment plan according to the individual's symptoms.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Chinese medicinal herbs combined with routine treatments for mumps.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched CENTRAL (2015, Issue 1), MEDLINE (1948 to January week 4, 2015), EMBASE (1974 to February 2015), CINAHL (1981 to February 2015), AMED (1985 to April 2014), the Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) (1980 to February 2015), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) (1979 to February 2015), VIP Information (1989 to February 2015), and relevant databases of ongoing trials.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of Chinese medicinal herbs for mumps (with or without complications).
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently evaluated trial quality and conducted data extraction. We contacted the trial authors for missing data regarding participant allocation. Some trials allocated participants according to the participants' admission sequence, making it a pseudo-random allocation. None of the trials concealed participants' allocation or used blinding.
MAIN RESULTS
We did not identify any eligible trials for inclusion. We identified 108 studies that claimed to use random allocation. We excluded 104 studies because the allocation methods the authors had used were not actually randomised. We were unable to contact the trial authors of the remaining four studies. These trials require further evaluation and have been allocated to the 'Studies awaiting classification' section.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
We did not find any RCTs for or against Chinese herbal medicine used in the treatment of mumps. We hope more high-quality RCTs will be conducted in the future.
Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Mumps; Phytotherapy
PubMed: 25887348
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008578.pub3 -
Archives of Razi Institute Jul 2021The first Attenuated rubella vaccine was developed by Parkman and Meyer in 1966. Ten years later in the 1975s, the rubella vaccine was developed in Razi Vaccine and... (Review)
Review
The first Attenuated rubella vaccine was developed by Parkman and Meyer in 1966. Ten years later in the 1975s, the rubella vaccine was developed in Razi Vaccine and serum research institute) RVSRI). In 1977, the rubella TAKAHASHI vaccine successfully passed the clinical trial and was initially used voluntarily only in the private sector. Since 1987, the administration of rubella as MMR (Measles/AIK-C; Rubella/TAKAHASHI; Mumps/HOSHINO) strain vaccine has been included in the immunization program in Iran. This review article focused on the development and production of the rubella TAKAHASHI/HDC vaccine in RVSRI. The herd immunity and rubella cases were investigated in the pre- and post-vaccine era. The effectiveness and proper coverage of the rubella vaccine led to the elimination of rubella from Iran in 2019. The current study aimed to assess local rubella vaccine manufacturing and its consequences on rubella elimination from Iran, using various search engines. A complete search was carried out in medical databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Scientific Information Database, IranMedex, Magiran, and Google Scholar. Within 1972-1975, Rubella TAKAHASHI/HDC vaccine was developed by RVSRI and successfully passed clinical trial in 1977. Over the four last decades (1980-2020), more than 40 million infants, young, and adults were vaccinated by million doses of local Rubella, measles-rubella (MR) or measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine in Iran. In 1972, the pre-vaccine era, the overall sensitivity to rubella infection was 69% in one-year-old Iranian children and 23% in childbearing women. The use of a safe, inexpensive, and effective vaccine increased herd immunity to 95% (85%-99%) in our country. During the last two decades, we have witnessed a 91% decline in the confirmed rubella cases, from 1124 in 2000 to 33 cases in 2018. The current article presented the process of vaccine development, tracked it through more than four decades, and discussed disease status before and after the rubella vaccine era, as well as the history of its elimination from Iran. The effectiveness of the local Razi Rubella vaccine resulted in a significant increase in seroprevalence in Iran. Expanded vaccination against rubella, usually with measles, has led to the elimination of Rubella from Iran as confirmed by World Health Organization in 2019.
Topics: Iran; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Mumps; Rubella; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Humans
PubMed: 34223717
DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.353242.1594 -
Vaccine Dec 2021The measles-mumps-rubella vaccine was withdrawn from the National Immunization Program in 1993 because aseptic meningitis was reported as a post-vaccination adverse...
BACKGROUND
The measles-mumps-rubella vaccine was withdrawn from the National Immunization Program in 1993 because aseptic meningitis was reported as a post-vaccination adverse reaction in Japan. This study aimed to measure the uptake of and determinants influencing mumps vaccination, including concerns about adverse reactions.
METHODS
We conducted this cross-sectional survey for all parents whose children underwent 18-month health checkups in Kanazawa City between October 2019 and February 2020. Community nurses interviewed the parents using a unified questionnaire, and 1422 parents responded.
RESULTS
Based on records from maternal and child health handbooks, the mumps vaccination rate was 55.6%. The most common reason for parents not vaccinating their children against mumps was that "it is not a routine vaccine" (35.9%), whereas "concern about adverse reactions" accounted for only 2.2%. In multivariate analysis, the significantly positive factors associated with vaccination against mumps were children whose parents knew that adverse reactions were fever, rash, diarrhea, and vomiting; had received a recommendation for vaccination from their family members; had read the Vaccination Guide issued by the city; vaccinated with other voluntary vaccines or treated for gastroenteritis; and had a deep general understanding of vaccination. Conversely, the significantly negative factor was children whose parents had not received any recommendation for vaccination.
CONCLUSION
The mumps vaccination rate could be improved by adding the mumps vaccine in the routine vaccination program and educating parents by disseminating correct information on mumps and the mumps vaccine, and by primary care physicians routinely recommending vaccination.
Topics: Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Infant; Japan; Measles; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Mumps; Mumps Vaccine; Parents; Rubella; Vaccination
PubMed: 34815119
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.015 -
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Jul 2016
Review
Topics: Communicable Diseases, Emerging; Epidemiological Monitoring; Humans; Mumps; Mumps Vaccine; United States; Vaccination
PubMed: 27097351
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000001182 -
Investigative and Clinical Urology Jul 2023To analyze the presentation of mumps and mumps orchitis using the National Health Insurance Service Database (NHISD).
PURPOSE
To analyze the presentation of mumps and mumps orchitis using the National Health Insurance Service Database (NHISD).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Using information from the NHISD representing all cases of mumps in Korea, data regarding mumps orchitis were analyzed. The International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, and Clinical Modification codes were used for diagnosis. The incidence estimates of the number of mumps cases were analyzed using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software.
RESULTS
Based on the NHISD, 199,186 people were diagnosed with mumps, and males accounted for 62.3% cases. Teen males accounted for 69,870 cases, the largest number of patients diagnosed with mumps. The annual incidence of mumps increased every year (poisson regression, hazard ratio [HR] 1.026, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.024-1.027; p<0.025). The risk of mumps was lower in females than that in males (poisson regression, HR 0.594, 95% CI 0.589-0.599; p<0.001). Of the 199,186 patients diagnosed with mumps, 3,872 patients (1.9%) had related complications. Among the mumps complications, the most diagnosed complication was mumps orchitis, which was seen in 41.8% of the males. Mumps orchitis cases accounted for less than 1.5% of the patients with mumps in minors under the age of 20 years and was somewhat higher in 2009 and 2013-2015.
CONCLUSIONS
Among the complications related to mumps, meningitis was most common in females, while orchitis was dominant in males. Mumps orchitis also shows periodic outbreaks but is particularly prevalent in adults, which suggests the potential need for additional vaccination against mumps.
Topics: Male; Adult; Adolescent; Female; Humans; Young Adult; Mumps; Orchitis; Incidence; National Health Programs; Republic of Korea
PubMed: 37417567
DOI: 10.4111/icu.20230064