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Vaccine Feb 2022Thailand has implemented single-dose mumps-containing vaccines since 1997 and two doses since 2010. This study aimed to describe the seroprevalence of mumps among...
Thailand has implemented single-dose mumps-containing vaccines since 1997 and two doses since 2010. This study aimed to describe the seroprevalence of mumps among children who received one- or two-dose mumps vaccines. A cross-sectional study of 145 children (aged 3-9 years) and 422 adolescents (10-18 years) was conducted. Mumps IgG seropositivity was defined as ≥ 22 RU/mL by EUROIMMUN ELISA method. The mumps seroprevalence was higher in children (82.1%, 95% CI 74.8-87.9) compared to adolescents (41.7%, 95% CI 37.0-46.6) who had received at least one dose of the mumps vaccine. Among those receiving 2 doses of mumps vaccine at ≥ 5 years after their last mumps vaccination, only 51.3% had maintained IgG ≥ 22 RU/ml. There was a reverse correlation between mumps IgG titer and the time interval from the second dose of mumps vaccine (R = -0.44, p < 0.001). A booster dose of MMR vaccine in young adults may be needed.
Topics: Adolescent; Antibodies, Viral; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Measles; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Mumps; Rubella; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Thailand; Young Adult
PubMed: 35078667
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.01.019 -
The Journal of Infection Jun 2018To discuss what is presently known about recent mumps outbreaks and what solutions can be suggested to ensure more complete protection against mumps. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To discuss what is presently known about recent mumps outbreaks and what solutions can be suggested to ensure more complete protection against mumps.
METHODS
PubMed was used to search for all of the studies published over the last 15 years using the key words "mumps" or "mumps virus" or "mumps vaccine". More than 1500 articles were found, but only those published in English or providing evidence-based data were included in the evaluation.
RESULTS
Prevention of mumps remains an unsolved problem. Available vaccines are effective but the protection they evoke declines over time. The use of booster doses can control outbreaks but it is not precisely defined whether they can prevent them. The rapid decline of antibody levels could limit the impact of the introduction of a third dose in the recommended immunization schedule. Furthermore, in most of the areas, mumps viral strains that are genetically different from those included in the vaccines are emerging and this might favour vaccine escape. However, also for this problem, its real relevance in favouring outbreak development is not precisely defined.
CONCLUSIONS
The true reasons for the development of mumps outbreaks in people with very high vaccination coverage are not clearly understood. The use of a booster dose or the preparation of vaccines containing the emerging serotypes are possible solutions, but both have some limitations. Further studies mainly devoted to improve our knowledge of the immune response to mumps vaccines are needed before long-term effective mumps vaccines can be prepared and outbreaks can be avoided.
Topics: Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Immunization Schedule; Immunization, Secondary; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Mumps; Vaccination Coverage
PubMed: 29678496
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2018.03.002 -
Journal of Pediatric Health Care :... 2016Because some parents are choosing to not vaccinate or only partially vaccinate their children, vaccine-preventable diseases that once were rarely seen in pediatric... (Review)
Review
Because some parents are choosing to not vaccinate or only partially vaccinate their children, vaccine-preventable diseases that once were rarely seen in pediatric practice must now be considered part of the differential diagnosis when caring for these children. Measles, mumps, varicella, meningococcal disease, pertussis, and influenza are reviewed. Recommendations for prevention and treatment of these vaccine-preventable diseases are discussed.
Topics: Chickenpox; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Influenza, Human; Measles; Mumps; Post-Exposure Prophylaxis; Rubella; Sentinel Surveillance; United States; Vaccination; Vaccines; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 26896379
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2015.12.006 -
Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal 2018Measles, mumps, and rubella have impacted millions of American lives over the last 100 years. During the last century, researchers have identified viral diseases,... (Review)
Review
Measles, mumps, and rubella have impacted millions of American lives over the last 100 years. During the last century, researchers have identified viral diseases, developed a combination vaccine, and have continued ongoing research when outbreaks have occurred. Despite the high incidence of vaccinated individuals, these highly communicable diseases continue to flourish within clusters of outbreaks throughout the United States. Emergency medicine providers play a key role in early recognition and diagnosis of the disease. The proper management and reporting reflect the emphasis on prevention of widespread outbreaks.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Outbreaks; Emergency Service, Hospital; Humans; Incidence; Measles; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Mumps; Rubella; United States
PubMed: 29715253
DOI: 10.1097/TME.0000000000000190 -
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral... Oct 2019Before the introduction of the vaccine, mumps was the most common salivary gland disease and was one of the most common infectious diseases in children globally.... (Review)
Review
Before the introduction of the vaccine, mumps was the most common salivary gland disease and was one of the most common infectious diseases in children globally. Following the introduction of the mumps vaccine in 1967, the disease was almost nonexistent in the United States and was only found to occur in nonvaccinated patients, and even then, it did not present in epidemic portions because of the extent of vaccination in the population at large. Beginning in the early 2000s, viral mumps began to present itself in vaccinated populations, and currently, outbreaks are continuing to increase in number. This article presents information on the various outbreaks, a review of the virus and the disease, including symptoms and comorbidities, and new recommendations for management. Dental practitioners should be aware of the increasing incidence and prevalence of this disease, be able to recognize it, and make appropriate referrals for management.
Topics: Child; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Mumps; Mumps Vaccine; Mumps virus; United States; Vaccination
PubMed: 31326348
DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.06.012 -
Viruses Sep 2021Mumps virus (MuV) is an important human pathogen that causes parotitis, orchitis, oophoritis, meningitis, encephalitis, and sensorineural hearing loss. Although mumps is... (Review)
Review
Mumps virus (MuV) is an important human pathogen that causes parotitis, orchitis, oophoritis, meningitis, encephalitis, and sensorineural hearing loss. Although mumps is a vaccine-preventable disease, sporadic outbreaks have occurred worldwide, even in highly vaccinated populations. MuV not only causes systemic infection but also has a unique tropism to glandular tissues and the central nervous system. In general, tropism can be defined by multiple factors in the viral life cycle, including its entry, interaction with host factors, and host-cell immune responses. Although the underlying mechanisms of MuV tropism remain to be fully understood, recent studies on virus-host interactions have provided insights into viral pathogenesis. This review was aimed at summarizing the entry process of MuV by focusing on the glycan receptors, particularly the recently identified receptors with a trisaccharide core motif, and their interactions with the viral attachment proteins. Here, we describe the receptor structures, their distribution in the human body, and the recently identified host factors for MuV and analyze their relationship with MuV tropism.
Topics: Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Mumps; Mumps virus; Protein Binding; Receptors, Virus; Viral Proteins; Viral Tropism; Virus Attachment; Virus Internalization
PubMed: 34578327
DOI: 10.3390/v13091746 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jul 2018Vaccination against mumps virus (MuV) (mostly measles-mumps-rubella) is routinely performed in more than 120 countries and has resulted in a distinct decrease of mumps... (Review)
Review
Vaccination against mumps virus (MuV) (mostly measles-mumps-rubella) is routinely performed in more than 120 countries and has resulted in a distinct decrease of mumps incidence. However, alteration of mumps epidemiology has been observed in several countries after implementation of the vaccine but is sparsely documented. Moreover, outbreaks have occurred after starting vaccination, even in highly vaccinated populations. In the former German Democratic Republic (DDR) mumps was a notifiable disease but vaccination against mumps was not implemented. In the five eastern German states forming the DDR until 1990, mumps was not notifiable until 2001. Except for the lack of reporting between 1990⁻2000, data from Eastern Germany allow analysis of mumps epidemiology after initiating the vaccination campaign. For the period from 2001 to 2016 the data show that the incidence of mumps dropped notably after initiating vaccines, and was accompanied by an increase of the median age of patients with mumps. In Eastern Germany, no outbreaks were noted, while several outbreaks occurred in Western Germany, possibly due to a lower vaccination rate. Further literature analysis revealed that outbreaks were facilitated by waning immunity and crowding. Nevertheless, although vaccination prevented infection, the course of illness, once infected, was sometimes more complicated. In comparison to non-vaccinated populations, high rates of complicated courses occurred and were marked by orchitis, due to higher age of mumps patients. Therefore, refusing vaccination against mumps increases the risk of severe courses when living in a vaccinated population.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Germany; Humans; Immunization Programs; Incidence; Infant; Male; Measles; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Middle Aged; Mumps; Vaccination; Young Adult
PubMed: 30065192
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15081618 -
Vaccine Jun 2023Although mumps vaccination has been routine in Canada for decades, mumps cases and outbreaks continue to occur periodically. Mumps surveillance, including monitoring of...
Although mumps vaccination has been routine in Canada for decades, mumps cases and outbreaks continue to occur periodically. Mumps surveillance, including monitoring of the mumps virus genotype associated with disease activity, is important to document baseline activity and to advance further research into vaccine effectiveness. Here we describe a detailed analysis of mumps cases that have been detected in Canada from 2002 to 2020, with a focus on the mumps molecular epidemiology. In total, 7395 cases of mumps were reported to the surveillance system, with outbreaks occurring in the years 2007, 2010 and 2016 to 2018. Adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 29 years had the highest risk of being a case (rate ratios ranging from 1.50 to 2.29), compared to adults aged 30 to 39. Genotypes of mumps viruses were determined in 3225 specimens. Genotype G was predominantly detected (96% of genotyped specimens) and was first reported in 2005. Other genotypes were more likely to be detected in cases that also reported travel (or were linked to imported cases) than the cases with genotype G detected (p < 0.0001). The genotype G viruses had little sequence diversity in the 316 nucleotide window used for genotyping (the small hydrophobic protein gene) and mainly belonged to a single phylogenetic lineage that included the MuVi/Sheffield.GBR/1.05 reference sequence. The analysis of over ten years of data has demonstrated that mumps genotype G, specifically belonging to a single lineage, the Sheffield lineage, is the endemically circulating virus in Canada. This lineage is seen also in other countries using the genotype A vaccine. Mumps remains endemic despite high MMR vaccination coverage which has been sufficient to eliminate circulation of measles and rubella in Canada, raising the hypothesis of the evolution towards a vaccine escape mumps virus.
Topics: Adolescent; Young Adult; Humans; Mumps; Phylogeny; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Mumps virus; Canada; Disease Outbreaks
PubMed: 37169652
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.078 -
Journal of Clinical Virology : the... Jan 2015Several mumps outbreaks have been reported in Europe and in the United States among highly vaccinated populations. Biological diagnosis is classically based on the...
BACKGROUND
Several mumps outbreaks have been reported in Europe and in the United States among highly vaccinated populations. Biological diagnosis is classically based on the detection of mumps-specific IgM, but the ability of serological tests to confirm mumps infection seems to be limited among vaccinated patients.
OBJECTIVES
We aim to report a mumps outbreak in an engineering school in Grenoble, France, from February to June 2013 and results of the biological testing.
STUDY DESIGN
WHO definitions were used to define cases. Mumps--specific IgM and IgG were assessed by a commercially available EIA. Mumps RNA detection by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction tests (RT-PCR) and mumps genotyping were performed by the French National Reference Centre for Paramyxoviridae.
RESULTS
Sixty two mumps patient-cases were identified using WHO case definitions, 20 being biologically explored, of which 17 were confirmed by biological tests. Vaccination status was documented for 27 patients/62: 4 (14.8%) patients had received one dose of MMR vaccine, and 23 (85.2) two doses of MMR vaccine. Among the biologically explored patients, 83% had a positive RT PCR at the first sampling whereas only 45% had positive or equivocal IgM. All the genotyped strains were genotype G.
CONCLUSIONS
Mumps laboratory diagnosis in a highly vaccinated population is challenging. Serological tests among vaccinated patients should be interpreted cautiously and confirmed by RT-PCR tests at the beginning of a mumps outbreak.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antibodies, Viral; Disease Outbreaks; Female; France; Humans; Male; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Microbiological Techniques; Molecular Typing; Mumps; Mumps virus; Seasons; Serotyping; Young Adult
PubMed: 25542464
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.11.004 -
Transplantation and Cellular Therapy May 2021Large outbreaks of measles or rubella occasionally occur around the world, and measles infection can be severe and even fatal in transplant patients. However, limited...
Large outbreaks of measles or rubella occasionally occur around the world, and measles infection can be severe and even fatal in transplant patients. However, limited data are available on immunity to measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) in adult patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the immune status against MMR and the effects of vaccination against MMR in adult patients after allo-HCT. A total of 135 adult patients who were alive without relapse and new malignancy at 2 years after allo-HCT were included in this study. We measured IgG antibody to MMR before allo-HCT and annually thereafter. The probabilities of being seropositive to measles, mumps or rubella after allo-HCT were estimated according to the Kaplan-Meier method and compared among groups with the log-rank test. The probability of being seropositive at 2 years after allo-HCT in patients who were seropositive before allo-HCT was 60.6% for measles, 39.7% for mumps, and 52.2% for rubella. History of chronic graft-versus-host disease tended to be a risk factor for the loss of immunity against measles (hazard ratio [HR] 1.69, P = .064) and rubella (HR 1.75, P = .056). To predict the loss of immunity against MMR at 2 years after allo-HCT, we defined the following cutoff values for the IgG index before HCT: 18.2 for measles, 5.3 for mumps, and 21.4 for rubella using a receiver-operating characteristics curve. The lower-IgG groups experienced a significant loss of seropositivity at 2 years (39% versus 82% for measles, P < .001; 13% versus 59% for mumps, P < .001; and 33% versus 90% for rubella, P < .001). After this loss of immunity, 25 patients received a single vaccination against MMR. The seroconversion rates were 64%, 36%, and 72% for measles, mumps, and rubella, respectively. Loss of immunity to MMR commonly occurs in the first several years after transplantation. In the patients who lose the immunity, the seroconversion rate after 1 dose of MMR vaccine given at ≥2 years after transplantation is suboptimal.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Viral; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Measles; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Mumps; Rubella; Vaccination
PubMed: 33775586
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2021.02.027