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European Journal of Radiology Oct 2017To review the diagnostic performance of ≥1.5-T MRI for local staging of bladder cancer. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
To review the diagnostic performance of ≥1.5-T MRI for local staging of bladder cancer.
METHODS
MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched up to February 21, 2017. We included diagnostic accuracy studies published since 2000 that used ≥1.5-T MRI for local staging (≥T2 [muscle-invasive]) in patients with bladder cancer, using pathology as the reference standard. The methodological quality was assessed using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2. Sensitivity and specificity were pooled and plotted in a hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristics plot. Sensitivity analyses using several clinically relevant covariates were performed.
RESULTS
24 studies (1774 patients) were included. Pooled sensitivity was 0.92 (95% CI 0.88-0.95) with specificity of 0.87 (95% CI 0.78-0.93). Sensitivity analyses showed that sensitivity estimates were comparable and consistently high across all subgroups, but specificity estimates were variable. Studies using 3-T scanners had higher specificity (0.93 [95% CI 0.86-0.98]) than those using 1.5-T scanners (0.83 [95% CI 0.74-0.98]). Studies using multiparametric MRI (conventional+≥2 functional sequences) showed the highest accuracy with sensitivity and specificity of 0.94 (95% CI 0.89-1.00) and 0.95 (95% CI 0.89-0.98), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
MRI shows good diagnostic performance for predicting muscle-invasiveness of bladder cancer. Multiparametric 3-T MRI seems to improve both sensitivity and specificity.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Middle Aged; Muscle Neoplasms; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Sensitivity and Specificity; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 28987698
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.07.021 -
Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology Jun 2020Several interventional treatments have recently been integrated into the therapeutic armamentarium available for the treatment of bone tumors. In some scenarios (e.g.,... (Review)
Review
Several interventional treatments have recently been integrated into the therapeutic armamentarium available for the treatment of bone tumors. In some scenarios (e.g., osteoid osteoma), interventional treatments represent the sole and definitive applied treatment. Due to the absence of widely shared protocols and the complex multivariate scenarios underlying the clinical presentation of the remaining bone tumors including metastases, therapeutic strategies derived from a multidisciplinary tumor board are essential to provide effective treatments tailored to each patient. In the present review, we present the multidisciplinary therapeutic strategies commonly adopted for the most frequent bone tumors.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Combined Modality Therapy; France; Humans; Muscle Neoplasms; Radiography, Interventional
PubMed: 32987428
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710052 -
Seminars in Roentgenology Oct 2017
Review
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Muscle Neoplasms; Musculoskeletal System; Orthopedics
PubMed: 28965548
DOI: 10.1053/j.ro.2017.04.001 -
Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi = Chinese... Feb 2018To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics, immunophenotype, differential and diagnostic features of atypical spindle cell lipomatous tumor (ASLT). Three...
To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics, immunophenotype, differential and diagnostic features of atypical spindle cell lipomatous tumor (ASLT). Three cases of ASLT were collected from January 2010 to March 2017 at Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital. The clinical and imaging features, histomorphology, immunophenotype and prognosis were analyzed. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect MDM2 gene amplification, and relevant literature was reviewed. All three patients were adult males, aged 38, 43 and 54 years, respectively. One tumor originated in the subcutaneous soft tissue in the head and neck, one was located in the left primary bronchus and one in the latissimus dorsi muscle. Grossly, all three tumors were circumscribed and ranged from 4.0 to 5.8 cm in size. Microscopically, all showed a focally infiltrative front. These tumors were composed of variable proportions of spindle-shaped and adipocytic cells in a background of variable fibrous and edematous matrix. Scattered lipoblasts were easily seen. One tumor was composed predominately of spindle tumor cells, one of adipocytic cells, and one of equally mixed cell populations. The spindle tumor cells were generally bland-appearing with focal nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia noted in one case. Mitosis was not seen in neither the spindle cells nor the adipocytic cells. By immunohistochemistry, diffuse and strong reactivity to CD34 of the spindle cells was noted in all cases, definite loss of Rb expression was noted in one of three cases, and S-100 protein was expressed only in the adipocytic cells. INI-1 was intact and Ki-67 index was 1% to 3%. All other markers including CDK4, MDM2, STAT6, SOX10, CD99, bcl-2, β-catenin, CD117, GFAP, CK, EMA, SMA and desmin were negative. FISH of MDM2 was done in two cases, and both showed no amplification. The ASLT in the head and neck had two recurrences during 17 months of follow-up, whereas the tumor in the latissimus dorsi was free of disease during 33 months of follow-up. ASLT is a rare subtype of low-grade adipocytic neoplasm and is distinctive from atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma. The histomorpholgy of ASLT has significant heterogeneity and forms a continuous spectrum. ASLT needs to be distinguished from a series of benign and malignant soft tissue tumors.
Topics: Adult; Bronchial Neoplasms; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Lipoma; Liposarcoma; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; S100 Proteins; STAT6 Transcription Factor; Superficial Back Muscles; beta Catenin
PubMed: 29429160
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5807.2018.02.004 -
Surgical Pathology Clinics Mar 2024Inflammatory rhabdomyoblastic tumor is a recently introduced name for neoplasms currently included in the World Health Organization classification of soft tissue tumors... (Review)
Review
Inflammatory rhabdomyoblastic tumor is a recently introduced name for neoplasms currently included in the World Health Organization classification of soft tissue tumors under the rubric inflammatory leiomyosarcoma. Inflammatory rhabdomyoblastic tumor is an excellent example of how surgical pathologists working in conjunction with tumor biologists can greatly improve tumor classification to the benefit of patients. Over the last 28 years, understanding of this entity has undergone a fascinating evolution. This review serves as a summary of the latest findings in inflammatory rhabdomyoblastic tumor research and a diagnostic manual for the practicing surgical pathologist.
Topics: Humans; Muscle Neoplasms; Leiomyosarcoma; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Smooth Muscle Tumor; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 38278608
DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2023.06.008 -
JAMA May 2019
Topics: Aged; Biopsy; Buttocks; Female; Humans; Liposarcoma; Muscle Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 30951173
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.3719 -
Cancer Treatment Reviews Nov 2018Radical cystectomy (RC) associated with pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) is the most common local therapy in the management of non-metastatic muscle invasive bladder... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Radical cystectomy (RC) associated with pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) is the most common local therapy in the management of non-metastatic muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Loco-regional recurrence (LRR), however, remains a common and important therapeutic challenge associated with poor oncologic outcomes. We aimed to systematically review evidence regarding factors associated with LRR and to propose a framework for adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) in patients with MIBC.
METHODS
We performed this systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched the PubMed database for articles related to MIBC and associated treatments, published between January 1980 and June 2015. Articles identified by searching references from candidate articles were also included. We retrieved 1383 publications from PubMed and 34 from other sources. After an initial screening, a review of titles and abstracts, and a final comprehensive full text analysis of papers assessed for eligibility, a final consensus on 32 studies was obtained.
RESULTS
LRR is associated with specific patient-, tumor-, center- or treatment-related variables. LRR varies widely, occurring in as many as 43% of the cases and is strongly related to survival outcomes. While perioperative treatment does not impact on LRR, pathological factors such as pT, pN, positive margins status, extent of PLND, number of lymph nodes removed and/or invaded are correlated with LRR. Patients with pT3-T4a and/or positive lymph-nodes and/or limited pelvic lymph-node dissection and/or positive surgical margins have been distributed in LRR risk groups with accuracy.
CONCLUSIONS
LRR patterns are well-known and for selected patients, adjuvant treatments could target this event. Intrinsic tumor subtype may guide future criteria to define a personalized treatment strategy. Prospective trials evaluating safety and efficacy of adjuvant RT are ongoing in several countries.
Topics: Cystectomy; Decision Making; Humans; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Muscle Neoplasms; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Patient Selection; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; Risk Factors; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 30125800
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.07.011 -
Journal of Experimental & Clinical... Dec 2020Growing evidence supports the pivotal role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of cancer development and progression. Their expression patterns and...
BACKGROUND
Growing evidence supports the pivotal role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of cancer development and progression. Their expression patterns and biological function in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) remain elusive.
METHODS
Transcript levels of lncRNA miR-31 host gene (MIR31HG) and its splice variants were measured in our MIBC cohort (n = 102) by qRT-PCR, and validated in silico by the TCGA cohort (n = 370). Kaplan-Meier and multiple Cox regression analysis were conducted to evaluate the survival significance of MIR31HG and its splice variants. Functional experiments were performed to examine the proliferation and migration abilities of MIR31HG and its splice variants by knockdown approaches.
RESULTS
In this study, a decreased expression of MIR31HG was found in bladder cancer cells and tissues, except in the basal subtype. Survival analysis showed that high expression of MIR31HG was associated with poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with MIBC of basal subtype. Two splice variants of MIR31HG lacking exon 1 (MIR31HGΔE1) and exon 3 (MIR31HGΔE3) were identified to have specific expression patterns in different molecular subtypes of our MIBC cohort. MIR31HGΔE3 was highly expressed in basal subtype tumors. A high expression of MIR31HGΔE1 and MIR31HGΔE3 was associated with worse OS and DFS in our cohort. In vitro experiments revealed that knockdown of MIR31HG inhibits cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration in bladder cancer. Cell proliferation and migration assays after knockdown of splice variants of MIR31HG showed corresponding roles for the full-length transcript.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study demonstrates that MIR31HG and its splice variants could serve as biomarkers for the classification and prognosis prediction of patients with MIBC.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Apoptosis; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Neoplasms; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Prognosis; RNA Splicing; RNA, Long Noncoding; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 33334367
DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01795-5 -
Cancer Research Sep 2019Human prostate cancer confined to the gland is indolent (low-risk), but tumors outside the capsule are aggressive (high-risk). Extracapsular extension requires invasion...
Human prostate cancer confined to the gland is indolent (low-risk), but tumors outside the capsule are aggressive (high-risk). Extracapsular extension requires invasion within and through a smooth muscle-structured environment. Because integrins respond to biomechanical cues, we used a gene editing approach to determine if a specific region of laminin-binding α6β1 integrin was required for smooth muscle invasion both and . Human tissue specimens showed prostate cancer invasion through smooth muscle and tumor coexpression of α6 integrin and E-cadherin in a cell-cell location and α6 integrin in a cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) distribution. Prostate cancer cells expressing α6 integrin (DU145 α6WT) produced a 3D invasive network on laminin-containing Matrigel and invaded into smooth muscle both and . In contrast, cells without α6 integrin (DU145 α6KO) and cells expressing an integrin mutant (DU145 α6AA) did not produce invasive networks, could not invade muscle both and , and surprisingly formed 3D cohesive clusters. Using electric cell-substrate impedance testing, cohesive clusters had up to a 30-fold increase in normalized resistance at 400 Hz (cell-cell impedance) as compared with the DU145 α6WT cells. In contrast, measurements at 40,000 Hz (cell-ECM coverage) showed that DU145 α6AA cells were two-fold decreased in normalized resistance and were defective in restoring resistance after a 1 μmol/L S1P challenge as compared with the DU145 α6WT cells. The results suggest that gene editing of a specific α6 integrin extracellular region, not required for normal tissue function, can generate a new biophysical cancer phenotype unable to invade the muscle, presenting a new therapeutic strategy for metastasis prevention in prostate cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: This study shows an innovative strategy to block prostate cancer metastasis and invasion in the muscle through gene editing of a specific α6 integrin extracellular region.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Adhesion; Cell Communication; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Extracellular Matrix; Female; Gene Editing; Humans; Integrin alpha6; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred NOD; Mice, SCID; Muscle Neoplasms; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Prostatic Neoplasms; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
PubMed: 31337652
DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-19-0868 -
British Journal of Nursing (Mark Allen... May 2018Part 1 of this two-part article provides an overview of bladder cancer and discusses its management. Since publication of a previous article entitled 'Understanding the...
Part 1 of this two-part article provides an overview of bladder cancer and discusses its management. Since publication of a previous article entitled 'Understanding the role of smoking in the aetiology of bladder cancer' ( Anderson, 2009 ), the author has received many requests for an update. This article provides an overview of bladder cancer and its current management practices, underlining the continued role of smoking as the predominant risk factor in the disease's development. The management of bladder cancer is governed by specific guidelines. Management of non-muscle-invasive cancers, including surgical intervention with transurethral resection, and intravesical therapy using chemotherapy and immunotherapy agents, is discussed. Cystectomy (removal of the bladder), is sometimes necessary. Treatments are effective in reducing tumour recurrence, but the effects of the risks and side-effects on the individual's quality of life can be significant. The prevalence of bladder cancer, and the nature of its management make this cancer one of the most expensive for the NHS to treat. The effectiveness of health promotional strategies in increasing peoples' awareness of their risk of developing the disease, and in enabling them to change long-term health behaviours is discussed. The role of the multidisciplinary team is explored, along with that of the uro-oncology cancer nurse specialist. Part 2 will consider the management of muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents; Curriculum; Disease Management; Education, Nursing, Continuing; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Neoplasms; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Oncology Nursing; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Quality of Life; Risk Factors; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 29749774
DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2018.27.9.S27