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Jornal Brasileiro de Nefrologia 2023Reduced muscle strength and low-exercise capacity are well documented in adults, but there are few studies examining those impairments in children and adolescents after...
INTRODUCTION
Reduced muscle strength and low-exercise capacity are well documented in adults, but there are few studies examining those impairments in children and adolescents after kidney transplantation. The objective of this study was to evaluate peripheral and respiratory muscle strength and the association with submaximal exercise capacity in children and adolescents after kidney transplant.
METHODS
Forty-seven patients between six and 18 years of age clinically stable after transplantation were included. Peripheral muscle strength (isokinetic and hand-grip dynamometry), respiratory muscle strength (maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure), and submaximal exercise capacity (six-minute walk test - 6MWT) were assessed.
RESULTS
Patients had a mean age of 13.1 ± 2.7 years and an average of 34 months had elapsed since the transplantation. Flexors of the knee showed a significant reduction in muscle strength (77.3% of predicted) and knee extensors had normal values (105.4% of predicted). Hand-grip strength and maximal respiratory pressures (inspiratory and expiratory) also were significantly lower than expected (p < 0.001). Although distance walked in the 6MWT was significantly lower than predicted (p < 0.001), no significant correlation was found with peripheral and respiratory muscle strength.
CONCLUSION
Children and adolescents after kidney transplantation have reduced peripheral muscle strength of knee flexors, hand-grip, and maximal respiratory pressures. No associations were found between peripheral and respiratory muscle strength and submaximal exercise capacity.
Topics: Adult; Adolescent; Humans; Child; Kidney Transplantation; Muscle Strength; Respiratory Muscles; Hand Strength
PubMed: 37058682
DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2022-0096en -
Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy... Jan 2023No studies have synthesized the literature regarding mechanical muscle function (ie, strength, power, rate of force development [RFD]) in people with Parkinson disease... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
No studies have synthesized the literature regarding mechanical muscle function (ie, strength, power, rate of force development [RFD]) in people with Parkinson disease (PD). Here, we aimed to expand our understanding of mechanical muscle function in people with PD (PwPD) by systematically reviewing (1) the psychometric properties of isokinetic/isometric dynamometry in PD, (2) the literature comparing mechanical muscle function in PwPD with healthy controls (HC), and (3) reported associations between muscle mechanical muscle function and functional capacity and/or disease severity.
METHODS
Systematic literature search in 6 databases. Included studies had to (1) enroll and report data on PwPD, (2) include assessment(s) of psychometric properties (ie, validity, reliability, responsiveness) of isokinetic/isometric dynamometry in PD, and/or (3) assess mechanical muscle function in both PwPD and HC using isokinetic/isometric dynamometry.
RESULTS
A total of 40 studies were included. Aim 1 studies (n = 2) showed high reliability for isometric dynamometry (hip-abductor/dorsiflexor/trunk flexor-extensor/handgrip: intraclass correlations coefficients range = 0.92-0.98). Aim 2 studies (n = 40) showed impaired mechanical muscle function (ie, strength, power, RFD) in PwPD compared with HC (effect sizes range = 0.52-1.89). Aim 3 studies (n = 11) showed weak-to-strong associations between overall and lower extremities muscle strength and functional capacity and/or disease severity outcomes (ie, Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
Sparse methodological evidence suggests high reliability when using dynamometry in PwPD. Muscle strength, power, and RFD are impaired in PwPD compared with HC. Muscle strength is associated with functional capacity and disease severity.Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A403 ).
Topics: Humans; Hand Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Parkinson Disease; Reproducibility of Results; Muscle Strength
PubMed: 36318503
DOI: 10.1097/NPT.0000000000000421 -
Physiology International Sep 2023Grip strength is a marker of future health conditions and is mainly generated by the extrinsic flexor muscles of the fingers. Therefore, whether or not there is a...
BACKGROUND
Grip strength is a marker of future health conditions and is mainly generated by the extrinsic flexor muscles of the fingers. Therefore, whether or not there is a relationship between grip strength and forearm muscle size is vital in considering strategies for grip strength development during growth. Thus, this study aimed to examine the association between changes in grip strength and forearm muscle thickness in young children.
METHODS
Two hundred eighteen young children (104 boys and 114 girls) performed maximum voluntary grip strength and ultrasound-measured muscle thickness measurements in the right hand. Two muscle thicknesses were measured as the perpendicular distance between the adipose tissue-muscle interface and muscle-bone interface of the radius (MT-radius) and ulna (MT-ulna). All participants completed the first measurement and underwent a second measurement one year after the first one.
RESULTS
There were significant (P < 0.001) within-subject correlations between MT-ulna and grip strength [r = 0.50 (0.40, 0.60)] and MT-radius and grip strength [r = 0.59 (0.49, 0.67)]. There was no significant between-subject correlation between MT-ulna and grip strength [r = 0.07 (-0.05, 0.20)], but there was a statistically significant (P < 0.001) between-subject relationship between MT-radius and grip strength [r = 0.27 (0.14, 0.39)].
CONCLUSION
Although we cannot infer causation from the present study, our findings suggest that as muscle size increases within a child, so does muscle strength. Our between-subject analysis, however, suggests that those who observed the greatest change in muscle size did not necessarily get the strongest.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Child; Child, Preschool; Forearm; Hand Strength; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 37402166
DOI: 10.1556/2060.2023.00188 -
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research Sep 2023Increased oxidative stress seems to be one of the causes of muscle strength loss during aging. Uric acid (UA) is an important antioxidant that has been positively...
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Increased oxidative stress seems to be one of the causes of muscle strength loss during aging. Uric acid (UA) is an important antioxidant that has been positively associated with muscle strength in older adults. However, UA is also a prerequisite for gout, which is a type of arthritis that increases inflammation. The association between UA and muscle strength in individuals with gout is unknown. The aim of the study was to associate muscle strength with UA in older adults with or without gout diagnosis.
METHODS
The present study evaluated older adults aged from 60 to 80 years from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012 and 2013-2014. A total of 2529 individuals (1249 men and 1280 women) were evaluated, with (n = 201) or without (n = 2328) gout diagnosis. Muscle strength was measured using a handgrip dynamometer. The combined grip strength (sum of highest values of both hands) was evaluated. Linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between UA and strength adjusting for confounders.
RESULTS
Evaluating the individuals without gout, UA was positively associated with muscle strength [(β = 0.66 (CI = 0.08; 1.24); p = 0.028)]. However, this association was not significant in individuals with gout [(β = 0.20 (CI = - 1.18; 1.58); p = 0.774)].
CONCLUSION
Serum UA is positively associated with handgrip strength only in older adults without gout diagnosis. These results suggest that the presence of gout may avoid a positive association between UA and muscle strength in older adults.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Aged; Uric Acid; Hand Strength; Nutrition Surveys; Gout; Muscle Strength
PubMed: 37341867
DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02462-3 -
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &... Aug 2021This systematic review and meta-analysis examined studies on the chronic effects of exergames on muscle strength in humans. PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL, Web of Science,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined studies on the chronic effects of exergames on muscle strength in humans. PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL, Web of Science, SciELO, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, and Google Scholar were searched, and manual searches of the reference lists of included studies and hand-searches on Physiotherapy Evidence Database and ResearchGate were conducted from inception to August 10, 2020. Randomized and non-randomized exergame intervention studies with or without a non-exercise group and/or a "usual care intervention group" (any other intervention that did not incorporate exergames), which evaluated muscle strength through direct measurements, were included. Forty-seven and 25 studies were included in the qualitative review and meta-analysis, respectively. The between-groups meta-analyses showed no significant differences between exergames and non-exercise control groups for handgrip strength in heathy/unhealthy middle-aged/older adults or knee extension maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in healthy older adults. However, exergames provided a greater increase in handgrip strength, knee flexion MVIC, and elbow extension MVIC, but not knee extension MVIC or elbow flexion MVIC, in individuals with different health statuses when compared to usual care interventions. Also, there was a greater increase in handgrip strength in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy favouring usual care plus exergames compared to usual care interventions. These results suggest that exergames may improve upper and lower limb muscle strength in individuals with different heath statuses compared to usual care interventions, but not muscle strength in middle age/older adults after accounting for random error. Also, exergames appear to be a useful tool for improving handgrip strength in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy when added to usual care. However, as the exergame interventions were applied in different populations and there currently are many different approaches to perform exergames, future randomized controlled trials with high methodological quality and large sample sizes are needed to provide more compelling evidence in favour of a specific exergame protocol, or to elucidate exergame protocol design principles that appear to strongly influence outcomes.
Topics: Exercise Therapy; Humans; Muscle Strength; Video Games
PubMed: 33797115
DOI: 10.1111/sms.13964 -
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research :... Sep 2021
Topics: Hand Strength; Humans; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 34131947
DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4390 -
European Geriatric Medicine Feb 2021To examine the relationship between sleep quality and duration and muscle strength among community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To examine the relationship between sleep quality and duration and muscle strength among community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted from March 2020 until May 2020. Searches were done for peer-reviewed and English-written articles reporting results of studies in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and in article references lists. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was used as well as the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) to appraise the methodological quality.
RESULTS
Twenty-one cross-sectional, three prospective studies and a total of 92,363 subjects were included. The majority of the included studies are classified as "high quality". Handgrip strength is the main method of muscle strength assessment. Sleep assessment is usually conducted using subjective measures, such as validated sleep scales or self-reported questionnaires. Actigraphy, as an objective measure, is used less often. Most studies support strong evidence on the association between weak muscle strength and poor sleep quality and duration among middle-aged and older adults; whereas the results for the gender-specific association and the impact of short or long sleep duration were inconclusive.
CONCLUSION
This review has identified strong evidence on the relationship between sleep quality and duration and muscle strength among middle-aged and older adults. Health professionals should consider this relationship as a component of geriatric assessment in community practice and geriatric settings. Future rigorous research with a combination of subjective and objective measurements is needed to explore whether gender and specific sleep duration are related to muscle strength.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Hand Strength; Humans; Middle Aged; Muscle Strength; Prospective Studies; Sleep
PubMed: 32974889
DOI: 10.1007/s41999-020-00399-8 -
Cumulative muscle strength and risk of diabetes: A prospective cohort study with mediation analysis.Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice Mar 2023Previous studies assessing the association of muscle strength with risk of diabetes have seldomly accounted for the cumulative exposure over time. This study examined...
AIMS
Previous studies assessing the association of muscle strength with risk of diabetes have seldomly accounted for the cumulative exposure over time. This study examined the association of 4-year cumulative muscle strength with risk of diabetes in middle-aged and older adults.
METHODS
We included participants without diabetes, who had 3 repeated measurements of muscle strength, which was assessed by grip strength (normalized by body-weight) and chair-rising time, over 4 years. Cumulative muscle strength was calculated based on trapezoid rule. Logistic regression analysis and mediation analysis for cumulative blood pressure were performed.
RESULTS
We included 3731 and 3799 participants with data on cumulative grip strength and cumulative chair-rising time, respectively. The odds of diabetes were gradually reduced with increments in cumulative grip strength or decrements in cumulative chair-rising time, with the corresponding odds ratio being 0.79 and 0.89 per 1 standard deviation change after multivariable-adjustment. Cumulative systolic blood pressure mediated 10.8% and 14.2% of the associations of diabetes with cumulative grip strength and cumulative chair-rising time, respectively. Cumulative grip strength also correlated inversely with blood pressure, glycemia, and inflammation.
CONCLUSIONS
Higher cumulative muscle strength was associated with lower risk of diabetes and better cardiometabolic health in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.
Topics: Middle Aged; Humans; Aged; Prospective Studies; Mediation Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus; Muscle Strength; Hand Strength
PubMed: 36738835
DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110562 -
Liver International : Official Journal... Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Cause of Death; Muscle Strength; Risk Factors; Hand Strength
PubMed: 36520009
DOI: 10.1111/liv.15498 -
Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Jul 2023The muscle performance is associated with several health outcomes in adults, however modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in octogenarians have not yet been fully... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
The muscle performance is associated with several health outcomes in adults, however modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in octogenarians have not yet been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential risk factors that negatively affect muscle strength in octogenarians.
METHODS
This observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study included 87 older adult participants (56 women and 31 men) attending a geriatric clinic. General anthropometrics, health history, and body composition data were collected. Muscle strength was assessed by handgrip strength (HGS), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) and the percentage of body fat were identified by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, and muscle quality index (MQI) was defined as the ratio of HGS by upper limbs ASMM. Multiple linear regression was conducted to determine predictive factors of the muscle strength.
RESULTS
Females had lower HGS (1.39 kg) than male participants (p = 0.034). An increase of one unit MQI was associated with an increase of 3.38 kg in the HGS (p = 0.001). Each additional year of age was associated with a decrease of 0.12 kg in the HGS (p = 0.047). Regarding ASMM, an increase of one unit was associated with an increase of 0.98 kg in the HGS (p = 0.001). There was no association between dynapenia, body fat percentage, diseases and polypharmacy (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The gender, age, MQI, and ASMM influenced muscle strength of octogenarians. These intrinsic and extrinsic factors are relevant to improve our understanding of age-related complications and outline treatment guidance by healthcare professionals.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Humans; Male; Female; Aged; Hand Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Octogenarians; Cross-Sectional Studies; Muscle Strength
PubMed: 37330759
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.031