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Journal of Bone and Mineral Research :... Sep 2021
Topics: Hand Strength; Humans; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 34131947
DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4390 -
Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia 2016Water-based exercises are recommended for people with osteoarthritis (OA), due to the beneficial effects on physical function, quality of life and symptom reduction.... (Review)
Review
Water-based exercises are recommended for people with osteoarthritis (OA), due to the beneficial effects on physical function, quality of life and symptom reduction. However, the effects on muscle strength are still controversial. The aim of this review was to assess and compare the effects of aquatic exercise programs on muscle strength and physical function in people with OA. A systematic search was performed at Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Clinical trials with interventions involving aquatic exercises for individuals with OA were included. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the PEDro scale. 296 studies were found and twelve were selected: six studies comparing water-based exercises with land-based exercise, and six comparing water-based exercise groups with the control group. Exercise programs included muscle strengthening, aerobic, balance, flexibility and stretching exercises. Duration of the program, weekly frequency, intensity and progression varied between studies. Beneficial effects of aquatic exercise were found on physical function. However, only two of five studies that assessed muscle strength observed positive effect of aquatic exercise. Although it is difficult to compare studies and establish guidelines for the standardized protocol formulation, it was observed that water-based exercises can be effective on improving physical function and increasing muscle strength, since they are well-structured, with exercise intensity and overload controlled.
Topics: Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Muscle Strength; Osteoarthritis; Quality of Life
PubMed: 27914601
DOI: 10.1016/j.rbre.2016.09.003 -
Respiratory Medicine Jan 2022The pathophysiological mechanisms of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) may affect many functions, including respiratory, physical, and health status. This study aimed to...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The pathophysiological mechanisms of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) may affect many functions, including respiratory, physical, and health status. This study aimed to compare respiratory muscle strength, inspiratory muscle endurance, muscle strength, exercise capacity, physical activity levels, and quality of life in PCD patients and controls.
METHODS
Twenty-seven patients and 28 controls were included. Respiratory muscle strength (maximal inspiratory (MIP) and maximal expiratory (MEP) pressures), inspiratory muscle endurance (incremental threshold loading test), muscle strength (quadriceps femoris, shoulder abductor, elbow flexor, handgrip), exercise capacity (6-min walk test (6MWT)), physical activity and quality of life (QOL-PCD) were evaluated.
RESULTS
MIP, inspiratory muscle endurance, quadriceps femoris, and handgrip muscle strength, 6MWT distance, total energy expenditure; childrens' (6-12 years) and their parents' physical function, upper, lower respiratory, and hearing symptoms and treatment burden QOL-PCD subscales scores were significantly lower in patients compared with controls (p < 0.05). The 66.7% of patients did not meet the optimal number of steps. MEP, shoulder abductor, and elbow flexor muscle strength, active energy expenditure, physical activity duration, average metabolic equivalents, number of steps, lying time, and sleep duration; childrens' and their parents' other subscales and adolescents' all QOL-PCD subscales scores were similar between groups (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Inspiratory muscle strength and endurance, lower extremity and total muscle strength, exercise capacity, total energy expenditure, and childrens' quality of life are impaired compared to healthy controls. Decreased physical activity level is prevalent in these patients. Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on these impaired outcomes for PCD patients should be investigated.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03370029; December 12, 2017.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Ciliary Motility Disorders; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Exercise Tolerance; Hand Strength; Humans; Muscle Strength; Quality of Life; Respiratory Muscles
PubMed: 34952415
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106719 -
Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Apr 2022Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) experience short- and long-term side effects from cancer treatment that often impair functional capacity. Inspiratory muscle weakness is...
Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) experience short- and long-term side effects from cancer treatment that often impair functional capacity. Inspiratory muscle weakness is a potential mechanism for reduced functional capacity. The objective of this pilot study was to examine the relationship between inspiratory muscle strength and functional capacity in 10 CCS. Inspiratory muscle strength was measured by maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) while functional capacity was measured by the two-minute walk test (2MWT), the physiological cost index and hemodynamic response to exercise according to changes in heart rate, blood pressure and rate-pressure product (RPP). Overall, MIP and 2MWT distance were below predicted values. Hemodynamic responses to the 2MWT were consistent with little variation, except for elevated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) response. MIP had significant relationships with resting DBP (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient [] = -0.70; = 0.03) and DBP response ( = 0.72; = 0.02). Time since completion of cancer treatment had a significant positive relationship with RPP response ( = 0.67; = 0.03). Inspiratory muscle weakness in childhood cancer could be an indicator of skeletal muscle dysfunction and should be considered when symptoms of dyspnea or poor functional capacity arise. Inspiratory muscle strength was found to be related to changes in blood pressure in CCS. Future studies should further investigate these relationships and the impact of inspiratory muscle training on hemodynamics and functional capacity in CCS.
Topics: Breathing Exercises; Cancer Survivors; Child; Humans; Muscle Strength; Neoplasms; Pilot Projects; Respiratory Muscles
PubMed: 34404319
DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2021.1960656 -
Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Jul 2023The muscle performance is associated with several health outcomes in adults, however modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in octogenarians have not yet been fully... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
The muscle performance is associated with several health outcomes in adults, however modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in octogenarians have not yet been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential risk factors that negatively affect muscle strength in octogenarians.
METHODS
This observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study included 87 older adult participants (56 women and 31 men) attending a geriatric clinic. General anthropometrics, health history, and body composition data were collected. Muscle strength was assessed by handgrip strength (HGS), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) and the percentage of body fat were identified by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, and muscle quality index (MQI) was defined as the ratio of HGS by upper limbs ASMM. Multiple linear regression was conducted to determine predictive factors of the muscle strength.
RESULTS
Females had lower HGS (1.39 kg) than male participants (p = 0.034). An increase of one unit MQI was associated with an increase of 3.38 kg in the HGS (p = 0.001). Each additional year of age was associated with a decrease of 0.12 kg in the HGS (p = 0.047). Regarding ASMM, an increase of one unit was associated with an increase of 0.98 kg in the HGS (p = 0.001). There was no association between dynapenia, body fat percentage, diseases and polypharmacy (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The gender, age, MQI, and ASMM influenced muscle strength of octogenarians. These intrinsic and extrinsic factors are relevant to improve our understanding of age-related complications and outline treatment guidance by healthcare professionals.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Humans; Male; Female; Aged; Hand Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Octogenarians; Cross-Sectional Studies; Muscle Strength
PubMed: 37330759
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.031 -
Bone Nov 2023Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are prevalent in older adults. Trabecular bone score (TBS) is a novel method to evaluate bone microarchitecture, whereas grip strength and... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are prevalent in older adults. Trabecular bone score (TBS) is a novel method to evaluate bone microarchitecture, whereas grip strength and gait speed are simple methods to assess muscle strength and function. Few studies have linked the relationship between vitamin D levels (25OHD) with TBS, grip strength, and gait speed in healthy community dwelling adults. We sought to investigate this relationship in older women with osteoporosis and multiple comorbid conditions residing in long-term care (LTC) facilities.
METHODS
We analyzed baseline 25OHD, spine TBS, grip strength, and gait speed in 246 women with osteoporosis who were residents of LTC and enrolled in a randomized controlled clinical trial.
RESULTS
On average, participants were 81.6 years old and had a BMI of 26.8 kg/m. The correlation (r) of 25OHD with spine TBS, grip strength, and gait speed were (r = 0.15; p = 0.0208), (r = - 0.05; p = 0.4686), and (r = 0.19; p = 0.0041), respectively. Each 5 ng/dl increase in 25OHD was associated with an increase of 0.006 in spine TBS and 0.014 m/s in gait speed. After adjusting for covariates, each 5 ng/dl increase in 25OHD was associated with an increase of 0.004 in spine TBS (p = 0.0599) and 0.012 m/s in gait speed (p = 0.0144).
CONCLUSION
In older women residing in LTC facilities, 25OHD was associated with spine TBS and gait speed. The strengths of the associations suggest there may be other factors with a more prominent role in bone microarchitecture, muscle strength, and physical function in this population.
MINI ABSTRACT
Our study found in older women who are residents of long-term care facilities, vitamin D level is associated with bone microarchitecture and mobility performance.
Topics: Humans; Female; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Vitamin D; Bone Density; Long-Term Care; Muscle Strength; Osteoporosis; Vitamins; Hand Strength
PubMed: 37544395
DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116867 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2022Aging-related muscle atrophy is associated with decreased muscle mass (MM), muscle strength (MS), and muscle function (MF) and may cause motor control, balance, and gait...
Aging-related muscle atrophy is associated with decreased muscle mass (MM), muscle strength (MS), and muscle function (MF) and may cause motor control, balance, and gait pattern impairments. This study determined associations of three speed-based gait variables with loss of MM, MS, and MF in older women. Overall, 432 older women aged ≥65 performed appendicular skeletal muscle, handgrip strength, and five times sit-to-stand test to evaluate MM, MS, and MF. A gait test was performed at three speeds by modifying the preferred walking speed (PWS; slower walking speed (SWS); faster-walking speed (FWS)) on a straight 19 m walkway. Stride length (SL) at PWS was significantly associated with MM. FWS and coefficient of variance (CV) of double support phase (DSP) and DSP at PWS showed significant associations with MS. CV of step time and stride time at SWS, FWS, and single support phase (SSP) at PWS showed significant associations with MF. SL at PWS, DSP at FWS, CV of DSP at PWS, stride time at SWS, and CV of SSP at PWS showed significant associations with composite MM, MS, and MF variables. Our study indicated that gait tasks under continuous and various speed conditions are useful for evaluating MM, MS, and MF.
Topics: Aged; Female; Gait; Hand Strength; Humans; Muscle Strength; Muscles; Walking; Walking Speed
PubMed: 36011529
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169901 -
Journal of Geriatric Oncology Mar 2023Low physical function is associated with adverse outcomes in older adults with cancer, but evidence on real-world, clinical management of low physical function in...
INTRODUCTION
Low physical function is associated with adverse outcomes in older adults with cancer, but evidence on real-world, clinical management of low physical function in oncology is lacking. We explored whether impairments in muscle strength and/or physical performance triggered downstream management by clinicians, the types of recommended strategies, and the reasons for not providing a referral/strategy for addressing such impairments in older cancer survivors prior to treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study of older adults who completed a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) prior to cancer treatment in a tertiary cancer centre. Muscle strength and physical performance were assessed through grip strength and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), respectively. Patients who exhibited an impairment in grip strength and/or SPPB were classified as having abnormal objective physical function. Downstream management strategies and clinicians' reasons for not providing referrals were retrieved from clinical notes and an institutional database.
RESULTS
In total, 515 older adults (mean age: 80.7 years) were included. Low grip strength and/or SPPB combined was observed in 66.4% (n = 342) of participants, of whom 54.1% (n = 185) received an acceptable intervention. However, 41.2% (n = 141) were not provided with a referral/strategy by clinicians to address such impairments following CGA. No reasons were provided in clinical notes for not addressing impairments in physical function for 100 participants (70.9%).
DISCUSSION
Many older adults with cancer have impaired physical function prior to treatment. However, we found that such impairments are not systematically addressed by clinicians, and documentation was often suboptimal, identifying gaps in patient care that need to be addressed.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Retrospective Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Muscle Strength; Hand Strength; Physical Functional Performance; Geriatric Assessment; Neoplasms
PubMed: 36696880
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2023.101426 -
PM & R : the Journal of Injury,... Mar 2022Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) can result in devastating loss of function, often with poor long-term prognosis. Increased use of peripheral nerve surgical techniques (eg,... (Review)
Review
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) can result in devastating loss of function, often with poor long-term prognosis. Increased use of peripheral nerve surgical techniques (eg, nerve transfer, nerve grafting, and nerve repair) has resulted in improved muscle strength and other functional outcomes in patients with PNI. Muscle strength has largely been evaluated with the British Medical Research Council (MRC) scale. MRC is convenient to use in clinical settings, but more robust measures of muscle function are necessary to fully elucidate patient recovery. This scoping review aims to examine alternative instruments used to assess muscle function in studies of peripheral nerve surgery for PNI of the upper and lower limbs. A scoping review was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PubMed databases in May and December of 2020, yielding a total of 20 studies pertaining to the review question. Studies pertaining to handheld dynamometry, grip and pinch dynamometry, Rotterdam Intrinsic Hand Myometers, isokinetic dynamometry, ultrasonography, and electromyography were reviewed. We provide a synopsis of each method and current clinical applications and discuss potential benefits, disadvantages, and areas of future research.
Topics: Hand; Hand Strength; Humans; Muscle Strength; Nerve Transfer; Peripheral Nerves
PubMed: 33751851
DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12586 -
Nutrients Feb 2024Treatment options for sarcopenia are currently limited, and primarily rely on two main therapeutic approaches: resistance-based physical activity and dietary...
Treatment options for sarcopenia are currently limited, and primarily rely on two main therapeutic approaches: resistance-based physical activity and dietary interventions. However, details about specific nutrients in the diet or supplementation are unclear. We aim to investigate the relationship between nutrient intake and lean mass, function, and strength. Data were derived from the Gothenburg H70 birth cohort study in Sweden, including 719,70-year-olds born in 1944 (54.1% females). For independent variables, the diet history method (face-to-face interviews) was used to estimate habitual food intake during the preceding three months. Dependent variables were gait speed (muscle performance), hand grip strength (muscle strength), and the appendicular lean soft tissue index (ALSTI). Linear regression analyses were performed to analyze the relationship between the dependent variables and each of the covariates. Several nutrients were positively associated with ALSTI, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (DHA, EPA), selenium, zinc, riboflavin, niacin equivalent, vitamin B12, vitamin D, iron, and protein. After correction for multiple comparisons, there were no remaining correlations with handgrip and gait speed. Findings of positive correlations for some nutrients with lean mass suggest a role for these nutrients in maintaining muscle volume. These results can be used to inform clinical trials to expand the preventive strategies and treatment options for individuals at risk of muscle loss and sarcopenia.
Topics: Female; Humans; Aged, 80 and over; Aged; Male; Sarcopenia; Hand Strength; Cohort Studies; Body Composition; Muscle Strength; Eating; Muscles
PubMed: 38398892
DOI: 10.3390/nu16040568