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Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Nov 2023Different measures of muscle strength, physical performance and body size/composition are used in various sarcopenia definitions. This study investigated which baseline...
BACKGROUND
Different measures of muscle strength, physical performance and body size/composition are used in various sarcopenia definitions. This study investigated which baseline measures best predict incident mortality and falls, and prevalent slow walking speed in older women and men.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Data for 899 women (mean age±standard deviation, 68.7 ± 4.3 years) and 497 men (69.4 ± 3.9 years) from the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study 2, comprising sixty variables for muscle strength (quadriceps strength), physical performance (walking speed, timed up and go (TUG) test, sit to stand (STS) test), body size (weight, height, body mass index) and body composition (lean mass, body fat) were included. Sex-stratified Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analyses calculated baseline variable accuracy for predicting incident mortality and falls, and prevalent slow walking speed (<0.8 m/s).
RESULTS
Over 14.5 years, 103/899 (11.5%) women and 96/497 (19.3%) men died, 345/899 (38.4%) women and 172/497 (34.6%) men had ≥1 fall, and 304/860 (35.3%) women and 172/461 (31.7%) had baseline slow walking speed (<0.8 m/s). CART models identified age and walking speed adjusted for height as the most important predictors for mortality in women, and quadriceps strength (with adjustments) as the most important predictor for mortality in men. In both sexes, STS (with adjustments) was the most important predictor for incident falls, and TUG test was the most important predictor for prevalent slow walking speed. Body composition measures were not important predictors for any outcome.
CONCLUSIONS
Muscle strength and physical performance variables and cut points predict falls and mortality differently in women and men, suggesting targeted sex-specific application of selected measures may improve outcome prediction in older adults.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Aged; Walking Speed; Hand Strength; Muscle Strength; Sarcopenia; Physical Functional Performance; Walking
PubMed: 37290229
DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105084 -
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and... May 2022Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) appendicular lean tissue is used to screen older adults for sarcopenia. However, emerging data indicates that ageing-related...
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) appendicular lean tissue is used to screen older adults for sarcopenia. However, emerging data indicates that ageing-related muscle atrophy largely occurs within specific muscles, which may be masked using appendicular lean tissue. Comparisons between appendicular lean tissue and site-specific measures of muscle in relation to strength and physical function are needed to advance our understanding of these features in the context of poor muscle function in aged adults. Our primary objective was to compare correlations between lean tissue and site-specific muscle characteristics in relation to strength and physical function in older males. Older males (≥65 years) were evaluated for muscle strength, physical function (6-minute walk and 30-second sit-to-stand), and muscle size (appendicular and site-specific) and composition (echo intensity) using DXA and ultrasound. Of the 32 older males (75.4 ± 7.9 years), 12 had low appendicular lean tissue. All DXA and ultrasound muscle characteristics were associated ( = 0.39 to 0.83, < 0.05) with torque or power producing capabilities. Except for the knee flexors, no differences in correlation coefficients were observed between muscle thickness or regional lean tissue in relation to muscle strength. Neither DXA nor ultrasound muscle characteristics were associated with physical function. In older males, ultrasound-based muscle thickness and DXA lean tissue provided similar associations with strength. Lean tissue and muscle thickness provide similar associations with strength. Muscle thickness can distinguish low and normal appendicular lean tissue in older adults.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Aged; Aging; Body Composition; Hand Strength; Humans; Male; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Sarcopenia
PubMed: 35104155
DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0690 -
Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis :... Apr 2022Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have lower pulmonary function, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength values when compared to the general population, which...
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have lower pulmonary function, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength values when compared to the general population, which reflects negatively in the quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to compare the pulmonary function, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, and QoL between CKD patients and healthy individuals. Cross-sectional study with a consecutive sample of 39 individuals separated into three groups: nondialysis-dependent CKD in stage 5 (CKD-5), HD group (CKD-HD), and healthy individuals. The tests performed were spirometry, manovacuometry, handgrip strength (HGS), and Medical Outcomes Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). A significant difference between groups was observed in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV ) and its predicted value (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively), forced vital capacity (FVC), and its predicted value (p = 0.008 and p < 0.001, respectively), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and its predicted value (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and its predicted value (p = 0.022), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) and its predicted value (p = 0.030 and p = 0.009, respectively) in which CKD-5 presented the worst values, followed by CKD-HD and healthy group. The CKD-5 had worse pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, and QoL. Moreover, CKD-HD also showed some impairment in pulmonary function and QoL when compared with healthy individuals. Even with the peripheral muscle strength preserved, its decrease is proportional to the pulmonary impairment in the evaluated CKD patients.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Hand Strength; Humans; Muscle Strength; Quality of Life; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
PubMed: 34328280
DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.13714 -
European Geriatric Medicine Oct 2020
Topics: Epidemiologic Studies; Hand Strength; Humans; Muscle Strength; Prevalence; Sarcopenia
PubMed: 32514749
DOI: 10.1007/s41999-020-00336-9 -
European Journal of Paediatric... Nov 2021Dravet Syndrome (DS) is a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, characterized by drug resistant infantile onset seizures and cognitive and motor impairment....
BACKGROUND
Dravet Syndrome (DS) is a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, characterized by drug resistant infantile onset seizures and cognitive and motor impairment. Walking problems progressively occur and crouch gait is frequently observed. Muscle weakness is hypothesized as contributing impairment. Yet, so far, no studies have performed strength measurements in patients with DS, most likely due to cognitive impairment.
AIMS
To determine the feasibility and validity of strength measurements in the framework of gait analysis and to outline strength problems in patients with DS.
METHODS
Manual muscle testing, dynamometry (hand grip strength and handheld dynamometry) and functional tests (underarm throwing, standing long jump, sit-to-stand, stair climbing) were performed in 46 patients with DS. Results were compared to age-related reference values from literature.
RESULTS
Forty one percent (19/46) of the patients (aged 5.2-24.8 years, median: 15.8 years) accomplished all measurements and scored generally below the fifth percentile of norm values. The remaining 59% (27/46) was not able to complete all strength assessment due to cognitive, behavioural and motor difficulties. Handheld dynamometry seemed most sensitive and specific to detect isolated muscle strength. Validity of the functional tests was controversial, as motor proficiency, balance and coordination may interfere.
CONCLUSION
Although measuring strength in patients with DS was challenging in the context of gait analysis, decreased muscle strength was observed in patients that could perform strength measurements. Handheld dynamometry is preferred over functional tests for future investigations of muscle strength and its interference with gait are required for better understanding of walking problems.
Topics: Epilepsies, Myoclonic; Gait; Hand Strength; Humans; Muscle Strength; Muscle Strength Dynamometer; Spasms, Infantile
PubMed: 34666230
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.10.006 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2023The purpose of this study was to compare the therapeutic effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) with 808 and 660 nm wavelength on muscle strength and functional... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The purpose of this study was to compare the therapeutic effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) with 808 and 660 nm wavelength on muscle strength and functional outcomes in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). A total of 47 participants were randomly assigned to the 808 nm, 660 nm, and sham control groups. Two LLLT groups received continuous LLLT with a mean power of 300 mW in different wavelengths at the knee joint 15 min a session three days per week for eight weeks, while the control group received the sham LED treatment. The knee strength and functional performance involving 30-s sit-to-stand, 40 m fast-paced walk, stair climbing, and the TUG test were measured at the baseline and one week after the interventions were completed. The results showed that knee extensor strength was more improved in the 808 nm group as compared to the 660 nm group (p < 0.001, d = 0.57) and the sham control (p < 0.001, d = 0.40), while increased flexor strength was demonstrated in the 808 nm (p = 0.009, d = 0.67) and sham control groups (p < 0.001, d = 0.97). The number of 30-s sit-to-stand was increased only in the 660 nm group (p = 0.006, d = 0.49). All three groups exhibited improvements in the other three functional performance-based tests after the interventions with no statistically significant differences among the groups. In conclusion, both intervention groups improved muscle strength and functional performance as compared to the control group. The 808 nm wavelength group showed better results in knee extensor strength. Therefore, laser therapy is suggested to be integrated into rehabilitation programs to improve muscle strength and functional performance in the population with knee OA.
Topics: Humans; Knee Joint; Low-Level Light Therapy; Muscle Strength; Osteoarthritis, Knee
PubMed: 36599881
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26553-9 -
Journal of the American Podiatric... 2022Although flexible flatfoot (FF) in children is a foot deformity that is frequently encountered in daily orthopedics practice, its etiology is still controversial. The...
BACKGROUND
Although flexible flatfoot (FF) in children is a foot deformity that is frequently encountered in daily orthopedics practice, its etiology is still controversial. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a weakness in muscle strength and proprioception in patients with FF.
METHODS
The study group consisted of 16 cases with FF, and the control group consisted of 25 volunteers with normal feet. An isokinetic dynamometer was used to assess muscle strength and proprioception of movement directions of plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, eversion (EV), and inversion (INV) in both groups.
RESULTS
There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in strength of plantarflexion and dorsiflexion muscles, whereas in the control group, proprioception of all four movement directions and strengths of the EV and INV muscles were found to be statistically significantly higher (P < .05).
CONCLUSIONS
There is weakness in EV and INV muscle strength and proprioception disorder in patients with FF. We recommend conducting further studies that validate muscle weakness and proprioception disorders with different study designs and evaluate the effectiveness of improving muscle strength and proprioception weakness in FF.
Topics: Child; Humans; Flatfoot; Muscle Strength; Proprioception; Exercise Therapy
PubMed: 36525326
DOI: 10.7547/20-045 -
Epidemiology and Health 2020Muscle strength in older adults is associated with greater physical ability. Identifying interventions to maintain muscle strength can therefore improve quality of life....
OBJECTIVES
Muscle strength in older adults is associated with greater physical ability. Identifying interventions to maintain muscle strength can therefore improve quality of life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether current or former smoking status is associated with a decrease in muscle strength in older adults.
METHODS
Data from the Health and Retirement Study from 2012-2014 were analyzed with regard to maximum dominant hand grip strength, maximum overall hand grip strength, and smoking status (current, former, or never). Unadjusted linear regression was conducted. Other factors known to be related to strength were included in the adjusted linear regression analyses.
RESULTS
For maximum grip strength, the regression coefficient was 4.91 for current smoking (standard error [SE], 0.58; p<0.001), 3.58 for former smoking (SE, 0.43; p<0.001), and 28.12 for never smoking (SE, 0.34). Fully adjusted linear regression on the relationship between dominant hand grip strength and smoking did not yield a significant result. The factors significantly associated with dominant hand grip strength were male sex, younger age, a race/ethnicity of non-Hispanic White or non-Hispanic Black, higher income, morbidity of ≤1 condition, no pain, and moderate or vigorous exercise more than once a week.
CONCLUSIONS
Muscle strength in older adults was not associated with smoking status in the adjusted analysis.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Hand Strength; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Strength; Smoking; United States
PubMed: 32777884
DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2020055 -
Somatosensory & Motor Research Jun 2023The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between cervical proprioception sense and balance, hand grip strength, cervical region muscle strength and upper...
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between cervical proprioception sense and balance, hand grip strength, cervical region muscle strength and upper extremity functionality in healthy young subjects. A total of 200 people with a mean age of 20.8 ± 1.8 participated in the study. Cervical proprioception sense of the participants was evaluated with Cervical Joint Position Error Test (CJPET), balance with Biodex Stability System, hand grip strength with hand dynamometer, and upper extremity functionality with Perdue Pegboard test. The relationship of variables with cervical proprioception was evaluated with Pearson Correlation analysis. According to this study results, there was no significant relationship between CJPET (extension, left rotation, right rotation) and sub-parameters of dynamic balance (anteroposterior, mediolateral, overall), cervical muscle strength and hand grip strength ( > 0.05). There was a significant correlation between CJPET flexion and static balance variables ( < 0.05). According to this study, there is no relationship between cervical proprioception and balance, hand grip muscle strength, cervical region muscle strength and upper extremity functionality in healthy young subjects.
Topics: Humans; Young Adult; Adult; Hand Strength; Proprioception; Muscle Strength; Upper Extremity; Muscles
PubMed: 36877602
DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2023.2183832 -
The Journal of Medical Investigation :... 2021Age-related changes in muscle strength and physical functions, and the association between vitamin D status and skeletal muscle functions were investigated in 36 men...
Age-related changes in muscle strength and physical functions, and the association between vitamin D status and skeletal muscle functions were investigated in 36 men (21-90 years old) and 52 women (21-104 years old). Significant ageing-related decreases in several skeletal muscle functions and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were observed in both men and women. Cut-off values for the Timed up and go (TUG) test, walking speed, handgrip strength and Barthel Index (BI) detecting walking difficulties in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were 11.1 sec, 0.60 m / sec, 17.0 kg, and 90.0 in males, and 28.6 sec, 0.43 m / sec, 13.9 kg, and 67.5 in females, respectively. By comparing personal present data of muscle strength with these cut-off values, people can easily understand their process to walking difficulty. Therefore, these results are important and useful to avoid or to delay a handicapped and dependent status by improving the vitamin D level, rehabilitation and nursing care. J. Med. Invest. 68 : 48-52, February, 2021.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Hand Strength; Humans; Japan; Male; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Walking
PubMed: 33994479
DOI: 10.2152/jmi.68.48