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Journal of Sport Rehabilitation Jul 2022The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 5 weeks of electromyostimulation (EMS) of the peroneus longus muscle on balance and muscle strength in American...
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 5 weeks of electromyostimulation (EMS) of the peroneus longus muscle on balance and muscle strength in American Football (AmF) players.
METHODS
Thirty-two healthy male athletes (4 American Football team training sessions per week, college level) were randomly divided into the EMS and control groups. The EMS applications were conducted on the dominant peroneus longus muscle 3 times per week for 5 weeks, with each application lasting 25 minutes. Before and after the interventions, the strength of ankle dorsiflexion-plantar flexion and foot eversion-inversion was measured with isometric dynamometer and anterior-posterior sway, mediolateral sway, perimeter, and ellipse area were measured with the Technobody Balance System in unilateral stance positions, while eyes were open.
RESULTS
Changes between initial and final tests for dorsiflexion and eversion strength, and mediolateral sway for dynamic balance in the groups were significantly different (P = .039, P = .027, P = .030, respectively).
CONCLUSION
The EMS application had positive effects on muscle strength and dynamic balance of AmF players. The EMS can be used to improve isometric strength and dynamic balance in AmF players.
Topics: Electric Stimulation Therapy; Football; Humans; Leg; Male; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 35272268
DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2021-0264 -
Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Apr 2024Kinesio tape (KT) is still a matter of debate and the results of studies that evaluated its effects on muscle strength in athletes are still contradictory and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Kinesio tape (KT) is still a matter of debate and the results of studies that evaluated its effects on muscle strength in athletes are still contradictory and inconclusive.
OBJECTIVES
To analyze randomized clinical trials (RCT) to compare the effects of KT on muscle strength with the control/placebo group among athletes with and without musculoskeletal injury.
METHOD
The search involved the databases: PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, PEDro, The Cochrane Library, Medline, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Embase, without filter and included RCTs evaluating the effects of KT on muscle strength in athletes with or without musculoskeletal injury, comparing it to a control/placebo intervention. The following were excluded: studies with duplicate information; who used instruments for indirect assessment of muscle strength; involving a different population of athletes. Meta-analysis calculations were performed using post-intervention muscle strength data in the Review Manager (RevMan) program.
RESULTS
10 articles were eligible, among which 5 studies were included in the meta-analysis. In the primary analysis, no relevant clinical effect was found (immediate post-intervention <24h: Z = 1.97 CI95% = 0.35[0.00-0.70]; p = 0.05 I = 0% and late post-intervention ≥24h: Z = 1.47 CI95% = 0.59[-0.20-1.38]; p = 0.14 I = 69%) when comparing the KT group with the control/placebo groups for muscle strength of lower limbs in participants with and without musculoskeletal injury and in the subgroup analysis (including only individuals without injury), there was also no clinical effect (Z = 1.50, 95%CI = 0.31[-0.10-0.71] p = 0.13, I = 0%) of KT for muscle strength.
CONCLUSIONS
KT does not contribute to muscle strength gain in athletes with and without musculoskeletal injuries.
PROSPERO
CRD42020139822. (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=139822) (29 July 2020).
Topics: Humans; Muscle Strength; Athletic Tape; Athletes; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Athletic Injuries
PubMed: 38763613
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.11.023 -
Journal of Clinical Nursing May 2023This study aims to evaluate the effects of multicomponent exercise on the muscle strength, muscle endurance and balance of frail older adults living in the community and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to evaluate the effects of multicomponent exercise on the muscle strength, muscle endurance and balance of frail older adults living in the community and provide the latest evidence from published randomised controlled trials (RCTs).
BACKGROUND
The number of frail older adults is rapidly increasing. Previous studies have reported that multicomponent exercise is one of the best types of intervention for increasing muscle strength, muscle endurance and balance for frail older adults. However, due to the small sample size and lack of evidential support, a meta-analysis of RCTs remains necessary.
METHODS
RCTs reporting the effects of multicomponent exercise on the muscle strength, muscle endurance and balance of frail older adults, published in English, were retrieved from five electronic databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library available from their inception up to January 2021. RevMan5.3 software was adopted for statistical analysis. This study followed the PRSIMA checklist.
RESULTS
A total of 10 articles and 667 patients were included in this study. Meta-analysis showed that multicomponent exercise could improve the muscle strength [MD = 2.46, p = .007], muscle endurance [MD = 2.16, p = .03] and balance [MD = .39, p = .03] of frail older adults, and subgroup analysis showed the muscle endurance of frail older adults was significantly improved as the intervention lasted for >12 weeks.
CONCLUSIONS
RCTs provided in this study show the latest evidence that multicomponent exercise can improve the muscle strength, endurance and balance of frail older adults and that long-duration (>12weeks) multicomponent exercise is more effective for improving muscle endurance.
RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Multicomponent exercise contributes to improving the muscle strength, muscle endurance and balance of frail older adults, so it can be considered as a complement to the physical function management programme for frail older adults.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Frail Elderly; Exercise; Muscle Strength; Time Factors; Muscles; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 34989056
DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16196 -
Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental Jan 2024
Topics: Humans; Sarcopenia; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Hand Strength
PubMed: 37923006
DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155717 -
Journal of Cardiopulmonary... May 2021To evaluate the effects of respiratory muscle training (RMT) on pulmonary function, respiratory complications, and stroke-related disabilities in patients with acute...
PURPOSE
To evaluate the effects of respiratory muscle training (RMT) on pulmonary function, respiratory complications, and stroke-related disabilities in patients with acute stroke.
METHODS
One hundred twenty-two subjects with stroke admitted to the stroke rehabilitation center of Inje Hospital between August 2016 and May 2018 were recruited. After the initial exclusion, the remaining patients were assigned to the RMT group (36 patients) or the standard rehabilitation (SR) group (28 patients who did not undergo RMT). A total of 44 patients completed the study, with 22 patients in each group. The RMT program consisted of air-stacking exercise, manually assisted coughing, inspiratory and expiratory muscle strengthening, cough exercises, and respiratory reeducation. Pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength were evaluated before commencement and after 1 mo of RMT. The Functional Ambulation Category score, Korean version of the Modified Barthel Index, Shoulder Abduction and Finger Extension score, and handgrip power were assessed. The incidence of pneumonia was also evaluated.
RESULTS
Both pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength significantly improved in both groups. However, differences (%) in the RMT group was greater for all parameters of pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength. Respiratory complications at 1 yr were significantly lower in the RMT group (P = .016).
CONCLUSION
Four weeks of comprehensive RMT in patients with acute stroke resulted in significantly greater improvements in both pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength than SR. Therefore, RMT has the potential to reduce post-stroke respiratory complications.
Topics: Breathing Exercises; Hand Strength; Humans; Muscle Strength; Respiratory Muscles; Stroke
PubMed: 33027217
DOI: 10.1097/HCR.0000000000000526 -
Physical Therapy in Sport : Official... May 2023To examine hip muscle strength deficits in patients with femoroacetabular impingent syndrome (FAIS), with special emphasis on potential sex- and comparison-related...
OBJECTIVES
To examine hip muscle strength deficits in patients with femoroacetabular impingent syndrome (FAIS), with special emphasis on potential sex- and comparison-related (between-subject vs within-subject) differences.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional comparative study.
PARTICIPANTS
Forty FAIS patients (20 women), 40 healthy controls (20 women) and 40 athletes (20 women).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Hip abduction, adduction and flexion isometric strength was tested using a commercially-available dynamometer. Two between-subject comparisons (FAIS patients vs controls and FAIS patients vs athletes) and one within-subject comparison (inter-limb asymmetry) of strength deficits were conducted, based on the calculation of respective percent differences.
RESULTS
For all hip muscle groups, women were 14-18% weaker than men (p < 0.001), but no sex-related interactions were observed. For all hip muscle groups, FAIS patients were 16-19% weaker than controls (p = 0.001) and 24-30% weaker than athletes (p < 0.001). For FAIS patients, the involved hip abductors were 8.5% weaker than the uninvolved ones (p = 0.015), while no inter-limb asymmetry was observed for the other hip muscles.
CONCLUSION
Sex had no influence on hip muscle strength deficits in FAIS patients while a major impact of comparison method/group was observed. Hip abductors showed consistent deficits for all comparison methods, suggestive of a possible greater impairment compared to hip flexors and adductors.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Femoracetabular Impingement; Cross-Sectional Studies; Hip; Hip Joint; Muscle Strength; Athletes; Arthroscopy
PubMed: 37054534
DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.03.010 -
Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and... Apr 2023We aimed to quantify declines from baseline in lower limb skeletal muscle size and strength of uninjured adults following single-leg disuse. We searched EMBASE, Medline,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
We aimed to quantify declines from baseline in lower limb skeletal muscle size and strength of uninjured adults following single-leg disuse. We searched EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL, and CCRCT up to 30 January 2022. Studies were included in the systematic review if they (1) recruited uninjured participants; (2) were an original experimental study; (3) employed a single-leg disuse model; and (4) reported muscle strength, size, or power data following a period of single-leg disuse for at least one group without a countermeasure. Studies were excluded if they (1) did not meet all inclusion criteria; (2) were not in English; (3) reported previously published muscle strength, size, or power data; or (4) could not be sourced from two different libraries, repeated online searches, and the authors. We used the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool to assess risk of bias. We then performed random-effects meta-analyses on studies reporting measures of leg extension strength and extensor size. Our search revealed 6548 studies, and 86 were included in our systematic review. Data from 35 and 20 studies were then included in the meta-analyses for measures of leg extensor strength and size, respectively (40 different studies). No meta-analysis for muscle power was performed due to insufficient homogenous data. Effect sizes (Hedges' g ) with 95% confidence intervals for leg extensor strength were all durations = -0.80 [-0.92, -0.68] (n = 429 participants; n = 68 aged 40 years or older; n ≥ 78 females); ≤7 days of disuse = -0.57 [-0.75, -0.40] (n = 151); >7 days and ≤14 days = -0.93 [-1.12, -0.74] (n = 206); and >14 days = -0.95 [-1.20, -0.70] (n = 72). Effect sizes for measures of leg extensor size were all durations = -0.41 [-0.51, -0.31] (n = 233; n = 32 aged 40 years or older; n ≥ 42 females); ≤7 days = -0.26 [-0.36, -0.16] (n = 84); >7 days and ≤14 days = -0.49 [-0.67, -0.30] (n = 102); and >14 days = -0.52 [-0.74, -0.30] (n = 47). Decreases in leg extensor strength (cast: -0.94 [-1.30, -0.59] (n = 73); brace: -0.90 [-1.18, -0.63] (n = 106)) and size (cast: -0.61[-0.87, -0.35] (n = 41); brace: (-0.48 [-1.04, 0.07] (n = 41)) following 14 days of disuse did not differ for cast and brace disuse models. Single-leg disuse in adults resulted in a decline in leg extensor strength and size that reached a nadir beyond 14 days. Bracing and casting led to similar declines in leg extensor strength and size following 14 days of disuse. Studies including females and males and adults over 40 years of age are lacking.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Adult; Middle Aged; Leg; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscle Strength
PubMed: 36883219
DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13201 -
Calcified Tissue International Jun 2016Falls represent a major public health problem in older people, predominantly due to the resulting injuries which lead to progressive disability, immobilization and... (Review)
Review
Falls represent a major public health problem in older people, predominantly due to the resulting injuries which lead to progressive disability, immobilization and resulting comorbidities, dependency, institutionalization, and death. Reduced muscle strength and power have been consistently identified as risk factors for falls and related injuries, and it is likely these associations result from the central role played by reduced muscle strength and power in poor balance recovery. In addition, muscle strength and power are involved with protective responses that reduce the risk of an injury if a fall occurs. Progressive resistance training (PRT) is the standard way to increase muscle strength and power, and this training forms one of the main components of fall prevention exercise interventions. However, PRT has rarely been implemented in routine practice due to multiple challenges inherent to frail older people. The ongoing development of drugs expected to increase muscle power offers a new opportunity to reduce the risk of falls and fall-related injuries. The intent here is not to replace exercise training with drugs but rather to offer a pharmacologic alternative when exercise is not possible or contraindicated. The target population would be those most likely to benefit from this mechanism of action, i.e., weak older people without major causes for falls independent of muscle weakness. Provided such a tailored strategy was followed, a muscle anabolic may address this major unmet need.
Topics: Accidental Falls; Anabolic Agents; Humans; Muscle Strength; Resistance Training
PubMed: 26847435
DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0107-9 -
Medicine and Science in Sports and... Feb 2024This study aimed to determine if time-efficient, high-resistance inspiratory muscle strength training (IMST), comprising 30 inhalation-resisted breaths per day, improves... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
PURPOSE
This study aimed to determine if time-efficient, high-resistance inspiratory muscle strength training (IMST), comprising 30 inhalation-resisted breaths per day, improves cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise tolerance, physical function, and/or regional body composition in healthy midlife and older adults.
METHODS
We performed a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial (NCT03266510) testing 6 wk of IMST (30 breaths per day, 6 d·wk -1 , 55%-75% maximal inspiratory pressure) versus low-resistance sham training (15% maximal inspiratory pressure) in healthy men and women 50-79 yr old. Subjects performed a graded treadmill exercise test to exhaustion, physical performance battery (e.g., handgrip strength, leg press), and body composition testing (dual x-ray absorptiometry) at baseline and after 6 wk of training.
RESULTS
Thirty-five participants (17 women, 18 men) completed high-resistance IMST ( n = 17) or sham training ( n = 18). Cardiorespiratory fitness (V̇O 2peak ) was unchanged, but exercise tolerance, measured as treadmill exercise time during a graded exercise treadmill test, increased with IMST (baseline, 539 ± 42 s; end intervention, 606 ± 42 s; P = 0.01) but not sham training (baseline, 562 ± 39 s; end intervention, 553 ± 38 s; P = 0.69). IMST increased peak RER (baseline, 1.09 ± 0.02; end intervention, 1.13 ± 0.02; P = 0.012), peak ventilatory efficiency (baseline, 25.2 ± 0.8; end intervention, 24.6 ± 0.8; P = 0.036), and improved submaximal exercise economy (baseline, 23.5 ± 1.1 mL·kg -1 ⋅min -1 ; end intervention, 22.1 ± 1.1 mL·kg -1 ⋅min -1 ; P < 0.001); none of these factors were altered by sham training (all P > 0.05). Changes in plasma acylcarnitines (targeted metabolomics analysis) were consistently positively correlated with changes in exercise tolerance after IMST but not sham training. IMST was associated with regional increases in thorax lean mass (+4.4%, P = 0.06) and reductions in trunk fat mass (-4.8%, P = 0.04); however, peripheral muscle strength, muscle power, dexterity, and mobility were unchanged.
CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest that high-resistance IMST is an effective, time-efficient lifestyle intervention for improving exercise tolerance in healthy midlife and older adults.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Exercise Tolerance; Hand Strength; Muscle Strength; Muscles; Resistance Training; Respiratory Therapy; Double-Blind Method
PubMed: 37707508
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003291 -
The Journal of Frailty & Aging 2020It is known that maintenance of muscle mass cannot prevent loss of muscle strength in older adults. Recent evidence suggests that fat mass can weaken the relationship...
BACKGROUND
It is known that maintenance of muscle mass cannot prevent loss of muscle strength in older adults. Recent evidence suggests that fat mass can weaken the relationship between muscle mass and functional performance. No information exists if fat mass can independently affect muscle strength and jump test performance in middle-aged and older adults.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the independent relationships between fat mass, leg muscle mass, lower extremity muscle strength, and jump test performance in adults, 55-75 years of age.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional.
SETTING
University laboratory.
PARTICIPANTS
Fifty-nine older adults (men, n = 27, age = 64.8 ± 6.5 years; women, n = 32, age = 62.5 ± 5.1 years) participated in this study.
MEASUREMENTS
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure fat mass and leg muscle mass. An average of 3 maximal countermovement jumps was used to calculate jump power and jump height. Two leg press and hip abduction strength were assessed by 1-repetition maximum testing.
RESULTS
Stepwise sequential regression analysis of fat mass and leg muscle mass versus jump test performance and measures of muscle strength after adjusting for age, height, and physical activity revealed that fat mass was negatively associated with jump height (p = 0.047, rpartial = -0.410) in men. In women, fat mass was negatively associated with jump height (p = 0.003, rpartial = -0.538), leg press (p = 0.002, rpartial = -0.544), and hip abduction strength (p < 0.001, rpartial = -0.661). Leg muscle mass was positively associated with jump power in women (p = 0.047, rpartial = 0.372) only.
CONCLUSIONS
Fat mass has an independent negative relationship with jump test performance in middle-aged and older men and women. This has clinical implications for rehabilitating neuromuscular performance in middle-aged and older adults.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise Test; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Strength; Physical Functional Performance
PubMed: 32996557
DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2020.11