-
Current Opinion in Microbiology Dec 2023Mammalian microbiomes have coevolved with their host to establish a stable homeostatic relationship. Multifaceted commensal-host and commensal-commensal interactions... (Review)
Review
Mammalian microbiomes have coevolved with their host to establish a stable homeostatic relationship. Multifaceted commensal-host and commensal-commensal interactions contribute to the maintenance of the equilibrium with an impact on diverse host physiological processes. Despite constant exposure to physical and chemical insults from the environment, the skin harbors a surprisingly stable microbiome. The fungal compartment of the skin microbiome, the skin mycobiome, is unique in that it is dominated by a single fungus, Malassezia. The lack in diversity suggests that the skin may provide a unique niche for this fungal genus and that Malassezia may efficiently outcompete other fungi from the skin. This opinion article examines aspects in support of this hypothesis, discusses how changes in niche conditions associate with skin mycobiome dysregulation, and highlights an emerging example of Malassezia being displaced from the skin by the emerging fungal pathogen C. auris, thereby generating a predisposing situation for fatal-invasive infection.
Topics: Animals; Mycobiome; Skin; Microbiota; Malassezia; Symbiosis; Fungi; Mammals
PubMed: 37703811
DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102381 -
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy Apr 2023
Topics: Humans; Mycobiome; COVID-19; Cytokines; Follow-Up Studies; Gastrointestinal Microbiome
PubMed: 37069139
DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01417-4 -
Nature Reviews. Cancer Dec 2019
Topics: Carcinogenesis; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Fungi; Humans; Mycobiome; Neoplasms
PubMed: 31616076
DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0218-5 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Jul 2023The oral bacteriome, gut bacteriome, and gut mycobiome are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the oral fungal microbiota in COVID-19 remains...
The oral bacteriome, gut bacteriome, and gut mycobiome are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the oral fungal microbiota in COVID-19 remains unclear. This article aims to characterize the oral mycobiome in COVID-19 and recovered patients. Tongue coating specimens of 71 COVID-19 patients, 36 suspected cases (SCs), 22 recovered COVID-19 patients, 36 SCs who recovered, and 132 controls from Henan are collected and analyzed using internal transcribed spacer sequencing. The richness of oral fungi is increased in COVID-19 versus controls, and beta diversity analysis reveals separate fungal communities for COVID-19 and control. The ratio of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota is higher in COVID-19, and the opportunistic pathogens, including the genera Candida, Saccharomyces, and Simplicillium, are increased in COVID-19. The classifier based on two fungal biomarkers is constructed and can distinguish COVID-19 patients from controls in the training, testing, and independent cohorts. Importantly, the classifier successfully diagnoses SCs with positive specific severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 immunoglobulin G antibodies as COVID-19 patients. The correlation between distinct fungi and bacteria in COVID-19 and control groups is depicted. These data suggest that the oral mycobiome may play a role in COVID-19.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Microbiota; Mycobiome; Bacteria
PubMed: 37119437
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205058 -
Cancer Cell Nov 2023Increasing evidence suggests that tumors harbor diverse microbiomes, adding complexity to the tumor microenvironment. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Liu et al. highlight...
Increasing evidence suggests that tumors harbor diverse microbiomes, adding complexity to the tumor microenvironment. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Liu et al. highlight the role of the intratumor mycobiome, specifically Aspergillus sydowii, in promoting lung adenocarcinoma progression. A. sydowii enhances the recruitment and activation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells via IL-1β signaling driven by the β-glucan-mediated Dectin-1/CARD9 pathway.
Topics: Humans; Mycobiome; Signal Transduction; beta-Glucans; Adenocarcinoma of Lung; Bacteria; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37774700
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.09.002 -
Current Opinion in Microbiology Aug 2021The inclusion of fungi in recent human and animal microbiome studies has revealed that microbiome features associated with health or disease are not exclusively... (Review)
Review
The inclusion of fungi in recent human and animal microbiome studies has revealed that microbiome features associated with health or disease are not exclusively bacterial. Factors known to impact bacterial microbiome development, such as gestational age at birth, breast feeding status and antibiotics also impact the mycobiome. Strong inter-kingdom interactions take place in the luminal gut, and while the mycobiome exhibits increased inter-individual variability, certain fungi are stable colonizers. Here, we review recent studies showing that the gut mycobiome also plays an important role in disease states related to host immunity and energy metabolism. Some persistent species, such as Candida sp., as well as other less stable colonizers have been shown to play an important role in host-mycobiome immune cross talk. Mechanisms by which gut fungi interact with immune development have begun to be elucidated yet the majority remain elusive. Further investigation into these immune and metabolic mechanisms hold great potential for novel discoveries and will provided a much needed multi-kingdom understanding of the microbiome's influence on host health.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Fungi; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Microbiota; Mycobiome
PubMed: 33993019
DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.04.004 -
Current Allergy and Asthma Reports Sep 2018The evolution of molecular-based methods over the last two decades has provided new approaches to identify and characterize fungal communities or "mycobiomes" at... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The evolution of molecular-based methods over the last two decades has provided new approaches to identify and characterize fungal communities or "mycobiomes" at resolutions previously not possible using traditional hazard identification methods. The recent focus on fungal community assemblages within indoor environments has provided renewed insight into overlooked sources of fungal exposure. In occupational studies, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing has recently been utilized in a variety of environments ranging from indoor office buildings to agricultural commodity and harvesting operations.
RECENT FINDINGS
Fungal communities identified in occupational environments have been primarily placed in the phylum Ascomycota and included classes typically identified using traditional fungal exposure methods such as the Eurotiomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, and Saccharomycetes. The phylum Basidiomycota has also been reported to be more prevalent than previously estimated and ITS region sequences have been primarily derived from the classes Agaricomycetes and Ustilaginomycetes. These studies have also resolved sequences placed in the Basidiomycota classes Tremellomycetes and Exobasidiomycetes that include environmental and endogenous yeast species. These collective datasets have shown that occupational fungal exposures include a much broader diversity of fungi than once thought. Although the clinical implications for occupational allergy are an emerging field of research, establishing the mycobiome in occupational environments will be critical for future studies to determine the complete spectrum of worker exposures to fungal bioaerosols and their impact on worker health.
Topics: Air Pollutants; DNA, Intergenic; Fungi; Humans; Mycobiome; Occupational Exposure; Workplace
PubMed: 30259186
DOI: 10.1007/s11882-018-0818-2 -
Current Opinion in Insect Science Apr 2021About 90% of all flowering plant species are pollinated by animals. Animals are attracted to flowers because they often provide food in the form of nectar and pollen.... (Review)
Review
About 90% of all flowering plant species are pollinated by animals. Animals are attracted to flowers because they often provide food in the form of nectar and pollen. While floral nectar is assumed to be initially sterile, it commonly becomes colonized by yeasts after animals have visited the flowers. Although yeast communities in floral nectar appear simple, community assembly depends on a complex interaction between multiple factors. Yeast colonization has a significant effect on the scent of floral nectar, foraging behavior of insects and nectar consumption. Consumption of nectar colonized by yeasts has been shown to improve bee fitness, but effects largely depended on yeast species. Altogether, these results indicate that dispersal, colonization history and nectar chemistry strongly interact and have pronounced effects on yeast metacommunities and, as a result, on bee foraging behavior and fitness. Future research directions to better understand the dynamics of plant-microbe-pollinator interactions are discussed.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Genetic Fitness; Mycobiome; Plant Nectar; Pollination; Yeasts
PubMed: 33065340
DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.09.014 -
Journal of Gastroenterology Jan 2021The human gut microbiome (bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea) is a complex and diverse ecosystem. It plays an important role in human health, but is involved in... (Review)
Review
The human gut microbiome (bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea) is a complex and diverse ecosystem. It plays an important role in human health, but is involved in several intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Most research to date has focused on the role of bacteria, while studies focusing on fungi (also referred to as "mycobiome" or "fungome") are still in its infancy. In this review, we focus on the existing literature available about the gut mycobiome with an emphasis on compositional mycobiome changes associated with liver diseases, the impact on pathogenesis of disease, and its potential use as therapeutic targets. We also provide insights into current methodologies of studying mycobiome, and we highlight the interkingdom interactions in the context of disease and how they affect health of the host. Herein, by focusing on the gut mycobiome, this review provides novel insights and directions for liver research.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Liver Diseases; Mycobiome
PubMed: 33151407
DOI: 10.1007/s00535-020-01740-5 -
Microbiological Research Aug 2022The human oral cavity harbours complex microbial communities with various commensal microorganisms that play pivotal roles in maintaining host health and immunity but...
The human oral cavity harbours complex microbial communities with various commensal microorganisms that play pivotal roles in maintaining host health and immunity but can elicit local and systemic diseases. The role of commensal microorganisms in SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease susceptibility and enrichment of opportunistic pathobionts in the oral cavity is poorly understood. The present study aims to understand the altered landscape of the oral microbiome and mycobiome in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients (n = 30) and its correlation with risk factors compared to non-infected individuals (n = 24) using targeted amplicon sequencing. Diminution of species richness, an elevated abundance of opportunistic pathogens (Veillonella, Acinetobacter, Klebsiella, Prevotella, Gemella, and Streptococcus) and impaired metabolic pathways were observed in the COVID-19 patients. Similarly, altered oral mycobiome with enrichment of known respiratory disease causing pathogenic fungi were observed in the infected individuals. The data further suggested that reduction in immunomodulatory microorganisms lowers the protection of individuals from SARS-CoV-2. Linear discriminant analysis identified several differentially abundant taxa associated with risk factors (ageing and co-morbidities). We also observed distinct bacterial and fungal community structures of elderly infected patients compared to the younger age group members making them highly vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity. Furthermore, we also assessed the dynamics of the oral microbiome and mycobiome in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, host types, co-morbidities, and viral load in the augmentation of specific pathobionts. Overall, the present study demonstrates the microbiome and mycobiome profiling of the COVID-19 infected individuals, the data further suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers the prevalence of specific pathobiont.
Topics: Aged; COVID-19; Dysbiosis; Fungi; Humans; Mycobiome; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 35597076
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127055