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World Journal of Gastroenterology Dec 2020Invasive infections are a major complication before liver transplantation (LT) and in the early phase after surgery. There has been an increasing prevalence of invasive... (Review)
Review
Invasive infections are a major complication before liver transplantation (LT) and in the early phase after surgery. There has been an increasing prevalence of invasive fungal disease (IFD), especially among the sickest patients with decompensated cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure, who suffer from a profound state of immune dysfunction and receive intensive care management. In such patients, who are listed for LT, development of an IFD often worsens hepatic and extra-hepatic organ dysfunction, requiring a careful evaluation before surgery. In the post-transplant setting, the burden of IFD has been reduced after the clinical advent of antifungal prophylaxis, even if several major issues still remain, such as duration, target population and drug type(s). Nevertheless, the development of IFD in the early phase after surgery significantly impairs graft and patient survival. This review outlines presentation, prophylactic and therapeutic strategies, and outcomes of IFD in LT candidates and recipients, providing specific considerations for clinical practice.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Humans; Invasive Fungal Infections; Liver Transplantation; Mycoses
PubMed: 33384549
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i47.7485 -
Journal de Mycologie Medicale Jun 2017In Algeria, superficial mycoses are very commonly diagnosed. Deep fungal infections are less often observed. Few data from Algeria are found in the literature. We report... (Review)
Review
In Algeria, superficial mycoses are very commonly diagnosed. Deep fungal infections are less often observed. Few data from Algeria are found in the literature. We report for the first time the main causes of these diseases in our country and provide burden estimates. We searched for existing data and estimated the incidence and prevalence of fungal diseases based on the population at risk and available epidemiological data. Demographic data were derived from the Service (Office) of the Statistics (ONES), World Health Organization (WHO), The Joint Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and national published reports. When no data existed, risk populations were used to estimate frequencies of fungal infections, using previously described methodology. Algeria has 40.4 million inhabitants and probably at least 568,900 (1.41 %) of Algerians have a serious fungal infection each year. Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (485,000) and fungal asthma (72,000) are probably the commonest problems as there are over 1 million adult asthmatics. Candidaemia is estimated in 2020, invasive aspergillosis in 2865, intra-abdominal candidiasis in 303 people and are the most common life-threatening problems. AIDS is uncommon, but cancer is not (45,000 new cases of cancer among including 1500 in children) and nor is COPD (an estimated 317,762 patients of whom 20.3 % are admitted to hospital each year). A focus on improving the diagnosis and epidemiological data related to fungal infection is necessary in Algeria.
Topics: Adult; Algeria; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Mycoses; Prevalence
PubMed: 28342778
DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.02.005 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Jan 2023The purpose of this review is to familiarize clinical pathologists and clinicians with the cytomorphologic features associated with deep mycoses in dogs and cats. The... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this review is to familiarize clinical pathologists and clinicians with the cytomorphologic features associated with deep mycoses in dogs and cats. The goals are to develop a more unified approach to the description and interpretation of fungal cytomorphology and to facilitate the categorization of fungi that do not produce unique morphologic structures in tissue.
Topics: Cats; Dogs; Animals; Cat Diseases; Dog Diseases; Mycoses
PubMed: 36270845
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.07.012 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Fungal diseases have posed a great challenge to global health, but have fewer solutions compared to bacterial and viral infections. Development and application of new... (Review)
Review
Fungal diseases have posed a great challenge to global health, but have fewer solutions compared to bacterial and viral infections. Development and application of new treatment modalities for fungi are limited by their inherent essential properties as eukaryotes. The microorganism identification and drug sensitivity analyze are limited by their proliferation rates. Moreover, there are currently no vaccines for prevention. Polymer science and related interdisciplinary technologies have revolutionized the field of fungal disease management. To date, numerous advanced polymer-based systems have been developed for management of fungal diseases, including prevention, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring. In this review, we provide an overview of current needs and advances in polymer-based strategies against fungal diseases. We high light various treatment modalities. Delivery systems of antifungal drugs, systems based on polymers' innate antifungal activities, and photodynamic therapies each follow their own mechanisms and unique design clues. We also discuss various prevention strategies including immunization and antifungal medical devices, and further describe point-of-care testing platforms as futuristic diagnostic and monitoring tools. The broad application of polymer-based strategies for both public and personal health management is prospected and integrated systems have become a promising direction. However, there is a gap between experimental studies and clinical translation. In future, well-designed trials should be conducted to reveal the underlying mechanisms and explore the efficacy as well as biosafety of polymer-based products.
Topics: Humans; Antifungal Agents; Polymers; Mycoses; Fungi
PubMed: 37033476
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1142029 -
Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift... May 2024Invasive fungal infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. The primary and most frequent pathogens in Europe are... (Review)
Review
Invasive fungal infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. The primary and most frequent pathogens in Europe are Aspergillus and Candida species. However, other representatives such as Mucorales, , and species are increasingly being identified. Confirming the diagnosis of an invasive mycosis is challenging; apart from imaging and clinical presentation, essential diagnostic elements include conventional fungal culture, microscopy, antibody/antigen detection tests, and molecular biology.
Topics: Humans; Invasive Fungal Infections
PubMed: 38657594
DOI: 10.1055/a-2133-4826 -
Mycoses Oct 2018The taxonomy of the fungi that produce human infections and that develop asexual fruiting bodies in culture has become very complex. Recent molecular studies have... (Review)
Review
The taxonomy of the fungi that produce human infections and that develop asexual fruiting bodies in culture has become very complex. Recent molecular studies have produced dramatic changes in their classification. Currently, the coelomycetes traditionally included in Sphaeropsidales and Melanconiales are in fact distributed across at least three different classes of the Phylum Ascomycota. Approximately 1000 genera and 7000 species have been grouped in the classes Dothideomycetes, Leotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes and their proper identification can only be made by analysing their DNA sequences and comparing them with those corresponding to type strains available in the adequate databases. To facilitate this task for scientists and clinicians involved in the study of these complex, and every day more numerous taxa, we have updated the knowledge about the taxonomy of the commonest coelomycetes of clinical interest with the aim of improving their identification and antifungal treatment.
Topics: Ascomycota; DNA, Fungal; Humans; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Mycoses; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 29693732
DOI: 10.1111/myc.12785 -
Ophthalmology Dec 2019
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Antifungal Agents; Combined Modality Therapy; Eye Infections, Fungal; Humans; Male; Mycoses; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; Scedosporium; Scleral Diseases
PubMed: 31759497
DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.06.024 -
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy Jun 2015Prior to 1981, treatment options for invasive fungal infections were limited and associated with significant toxicities. The introduction of ketoconazole marked the... (Review)
Review
Prior to 1981, treatment options for invasive fungal infections were limited and associated with significant toxicities. The introduction of ketoconazole marked the beginning of an era of dramatic improvements over previous therapies for non-life-threatening mycosis. After nearly a decade of use, ketoconazole was quickly replaced by the triazoles fluconazole and itraconazole due to significant improvements in pharmacokinetic profile, spectrum of activity and safety. The triazoles posaconazole and voriconazole followed, and were better known for their further extended spectrum, specifically against emerging mold infections. With the exception of fluconazole, the triazoles have been plagued with significant inter- and intrapatient pharmacokinetic variability and all possess significant drug interactions. Azoles currently in development appear to combine an in vitro spectrum of activity comparable to voriconazole and posaconazole with more predictable pharmacokinetics and fewer adverse effects.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Azoles; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Mycoses
PubMed: 25843556
DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1032939 -
Turkish Journal of Haematology :... Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Multiple Myeloma; Mycoses; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
PubMed: 37435954
DOI: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2023.2023-0255 -
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Jul 2018With the increasing morbidity and mortality of invasive fungal infections and the emergence of severe antifungal drug resistance, new drug targets and novel antifungal... (Review)
Review
With the increasing morbidity and mortality of invasive fungal infections and the emergence of severe antifungal drug resistance, new drug targets and novel antifungal agents are urgently needed. Recently, better understanding of fungal pathogenesis has contributed to the rapid emergence of potential antifungal drug targets. This perspective aims to provide a comprehensive review of new antifungal targets and of medicinal chemistry efforts toward inhibitor discovery. Particular focus will be placed on the druggability of the targets and their potential to treat resistant fungal infections. Innovative strategies for the next generation of antifungal therapy, such as virulence factors, protein-protein interactions, and immune response-based proteins, will also be highlighted.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Drug Resistance, Fungal; Humans; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Mycoses
PubMed: 29294275
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01413