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Veterinary Clinical Pathology Sep 2022A 12-year-old female spayed, Silken Windhound dog was presented with a 3-month history of lethargy and cervical and lumbosacral spinal pain. No significant abnormalities...
A 12-year-old female spayed, Silken Windhound dog was presented with a 3-month history of lethargy and cervical and lumbosacral spinal pain. No significant abnormalities were noted on CBC or serum biochemical assays. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine demonstrated a soft tissue mass within the ventral and right epidural space at the level of the L7 vertebra. During surgery, a pale brown mass was identified within the epidural fat. Cytologic and histopathologic examinations demonstrated that the mass was composed of adipose tissue and hematopoietic elements, consistent with a myelolipoma. The lumbosacral spinal pain resolved after surgery. Epidural myelolipomas are rarely reported in the human and veterinary literature.
Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Epidural Space; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Myelolipoma; Pain; Silk
PubMed: 35288963
DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13090 -
Journal of Ultrasonography Jun 2016This article focuses on various cancerous lesions that are found beyond organs in the intra-abdominal fat and can be visualized with ultrasonography. These lesions are... (Review)
Review
This article focuses on various cancerous lesions that are found beyond organs in the intra-abdominal fat and can be visualized with ultrasonography. These lesions are divided into five groups. The first group includes primary benign tumors containing adipocytes, such as lipoma, lipoblastoma, hibernoma and other lesions with an adipose tissue component, such as myolipoma, angiomyolipoma, myelolipoma and teratoma. The second group comprises primary malignant adipocytecontaining tumors, including liposarcoma and immature teratoma. The third group contains primary benign tumors without an adipocyte component that are located in intra-abdominal fat. This is a numerous group of lesions represented by cystic and solid tumors. The fourth group encompasses primary malignant tumors without an adipocyte component that are located in intra-abdominal fat. These are rare lesions associated mainly with sarcomas: fibrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, hemangiopericytoma and leiomyosarcoma. An epithelioid tumor at this site is mesothelioma. The last but not least group includes secondary malignant tumors without an adipocyte component located in intra-abdominal fat. This is the most numerous group with prevailing carcinoma foci. For each of these groups, the authors present ultrasound features of individual lesions and discuss their differential diagnosis. In the vast majority of cases, the material for cytological and histological analysis can be obtained during ultrasound-guided procedures. This is the advantage of this imaging modality.
PubMed: 27446599
DOI: 10.15557/JoU.2016.0016 -
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Jan 2017
Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Myelolipoma; Robotics; Teratoma; Thoracotomy; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 28007282
DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.05.041 -
Cirugia Espanola Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Myelolipoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 36423875
DOI: 10.1016/j.cireng.2022.11.006 -
Endocrine Pathology Sep 2017The fourth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of endocrine tumours contains substantial new findings for the adrenal tumours. The tumours are... (Review)
Review
The fourth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of endocrine tumours contains substantial new findings for the adrenal tumours. The tumours are presented in two chapters labelled as "Tumours of the adrenal cortex" and "Tumours of the adrenal medulla and extra-adrenal paraganglia." Tumours of the adrenal cortex are classified as cortical carcinoma, cortical adenoma, sex cord stromal tumours, adenomatoid tumour, mesenchymal and stromal tumours (myelolipoma and schwannoma), haematological tumours, and secondary tumours. Amongst them, schwannoma and haematological tumours are newly documented. The major updates in adrenal cortical lesions are noted in the genetics of the cortical carcinoma and cortical adenoma based on the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Also, a system for differentiation of oncocytoma from oncocytic cortical carcinoma is adopted. Tumours of the adrenal medulla and extra-adrenal paraganglia comprise pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma (head and neck paraganglioma and sympathetic paraganglioma), neuroblastic tumours (neuroblastoma, nodular ganglioneuroblastoma, intermixed ganglioneuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma), composite pheochromocytoma, and composite paraganglioma. In this group, neuroblastic tumours are newly included in the classification. The clinical features, histology, associated pathologies, genetics, and predictive factors of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma are the main changes introduced in this chapter of WHO classification of endocrine tumours. The term "metastatic pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma" is used to replace "malignant pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma." Also, composite pheochromocytoma and composite paraganglioma are now documented in separate sections instead of one. Overall, the new classification incorporated new data on pathology, clinical behaviour, and genetics of the adrenal tumours that are important for current management of patients with these tumours.
Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Humans; World Health Organization
PubMed: 28477311
DOI: 10.1007/s12022-017-9484-5 -
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology... Sep 2018Adrenal myelolipoma (AML) is the second most common and invariably benign primary adrenal neoplasm. Due to the variable proportion of fat and hematopoietic elements and...
INTRODUCTION
Adrenal myelolipoma (AML) is the second most common and invariably benign primary adrenal neoplasm. Due to the variable proportion of fat and hematopoietic elements and its often large size, it can cause differential diagnostic problems. Several reports confirmed the utility of miRNAs in the diagnosis of tumors, but miRNA expression in AML has not yet been investigated.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on 30 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) archived tissue samples [10 each of AML, adrenocortical adenoma (ACA), and adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC)]. Validation was performed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction on a cohort containing 41 further FFPE samples (15 AML, 14 ACA, and 12 ACC samples). Circulating miRNA counterparts of significantly differentially expressed tissue miRNAs were studied in 33 plasma samples (11 each of ACA, ACC, and AML).
RESULTS
By NGS, 256 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were discovered, and 8 of these were chosen for validation. Significant overexpression of hsa-miR-451a, hsa-miR-486-5p, hsa-miR-363-3p, and hsa-miR-150-5p was confirmed in AML relative to ACA and ACC. hsa-miR-184, hsa-miR-483-5p, and hsa-miR-183-5p were significantly overexpressed in ACC relative to ACA but not to AML. Circulating hsa-miR-451a and hsa-miR-363-3p were significantly overexpressed in AML, whereas circulating hsa-miR-483-5p and hsa-miR-483-3p were only significantly overexpressed in ACC vs ACA.
CONCLUSIONS
We have found significantly differentially expressed miRNAs in AML and adrenocortical tumors. Circulating hsa-miR-451a might be a promising minimally invasive biomarker of AML. The lack of significantly different expression of hsa-miR-483-3p and hsa-miR-483-5p between AML and ACC might limit their applicability as diagnostic miRNA markers for ACC.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenocortical Adenoma; Adrenocortical Carcinoma; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cohort Studies; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Male; MicroRNAs; Middle Aged; Myelolipoma; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Young Adult
PubMed: 29982598
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00817 -
Gland Surgery Sep 2019Detection of adrenal lesions, because of the widespread use of imaging and especially high-resolution imaging procedures, is increased. Because of the importance to... (Review)
Review
Detection of adrenal lesions, because of the widespread use of imaging and especially high-resolution imaging procedures, is increased. Because of the importance to characterize those findings, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in particular chemical shift imaging (CSI), is useful to distinguish whether a lesion is benignant or malignant and to avoid further diagnostic or surgical procedures. It represents the first choice of imaging in patient like children or pregnant women, and a valid complement to other imaging techniques like CT or PET/CT. In this review we analyze the role and characteristic of MRI and the imaging features of most common benignant (adenoma, hyperplasia, pheochromocytoma, hemorrhage, cyst, myelolipoma, teratoma, ganglioneuroma, cystic lymphangioma, hemangioma) and malignant [neuroblastoma, adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), metastases, lymphoma] adrenal lesions.
PubMed: 31559189
DOI: 10.21037/gs.2019.06.02 -
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Mar 2021Abdominal ultrasound plays a vital role in the diagnostic work-up of many cats presenting to general and specialist practitioners. Ultrasound examination of the spleen... (Review)
Review
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE
Abdominal ultrasound plays a vital role in the diagnostic work-up of many cats presenting to general and specialist practitioners. Ultrasound examination of the spleen provides important information to aid the investigation of several conditions and is particularly relevant when an enlarged or irregular spleen is identified during abdominal palpation.
CLINICAL CHALLENGES
Despite ultrasonography being a commonly used modality, many practitioners are not comfortable performing an ultrasound examination or interpreting the resulting images. Even for the experienced ultrasonographer, differentiating between incidental findings and pathological changes can be challenging.
AIM
This review, part of an occasional series on feline abdominal ultrasonography, discusses the ultrasound examination of the normal and diseased spleen. Aimed at general practitioners who wish to improve their knowledge of and confidence in feline abdominal ultrasound, this review is accompanied by high-resolution images and videos available online as supplementary material.
EQUIPMENT
Ultrasound facilities are readily available to most practitioners, although the use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool is highly dependent on operator experience.
EVIDENCE BASE
Information provided in this article is drawn from the published literature and the author's own clinical experience.
Topics: Abdomen; Animals; Cats; Palpation; Spleen; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 33627002
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X21993658 -
Endocrine Practice : Official Journal... Jun 2018
Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital; Adult; Humans; Hypogonadism; Male; Myelolipoma
PubMed: 29498907
DOI: 10.4158/EP-2017-0241 -
Chirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany) Sep 2022In the case of neoplasms of the adrenal glands that are radiologically and clinically unclear, the indications for surgical resection as well as the subsequent... (Review)
Review
In the case of neoplasms of the adrenal glands that are radiologically and clinically unclear, the indications for surgical resection as well as the subsequent clarification of the entity and dignity on the surgical specimen are difficult. The diagnostics of adrenal neoplasms, in particular the clear distinction between an adenoma and a carcinoma are often tricky from the point of view of a pathologist. In the following, not only the problems of classification and the possibilities of diagnostics in pathology but also an overview of the most important differential diagnoses of other benign and malignant tumors of the adrenal cortex and medulla are presented.
Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Cortex; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Glands; Humans; Pheochromocytoma
PubMed: 35925136
DOI: 10.1007/s00104-022-01644-5