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Journal of Cancer Research and... 2016Oxaliplatin (1, 2-diamminocyclohexaneoxalato-platinum) is a novel platin analog, which is widely used in gastrointestinal malignancies. Platinum analogs damage cellular... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Oxaliplatin (1, 2-diamminocyclohexaneoxalato-platinum) is a novel platin analog, which is widely used in gastrointestinal malignancies. Platinum analogs damage cellular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by leading covalent bifunctional DNA adducts with cellular DNA. Major side effects of oxaliplatin are neurotoxicity (peripheral neuropathy), myelosuppression with moderate thrombocytopenia and gastrointestinal toxicity (diarrhea). Thrombocytopenia might be related to myelosuppression and/or drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia (DIIT). In here, oxaliplatin-induced thrombocytopenia is discussed with review of the literature.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Organoplatinum Compounds; Oxaliplatin; Thrombocytopenia
PubMed: 27461601
DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.154056 -
Liver Transplantation : Official... Jun 2024This review discusses long-term complications from immunosuppressants after liver transplantation and the management of these complications. Common complications of... (Review)
Review
This review discusses long-term complications from immunosuppressants after liver transplantation and the management of these complications. Common complications of calcineurin inhibitors include nephrotoxicity and metabolic diseases. Nephrotoxicity can be managed by targeting a lower drug level and/or adding an immunosuppressant of a different class. Metabolic disorders can be managed by treating the underlying condition and targeting a lower drug level. Gastrointestinal adverse effects and myelosuppression are common complications of antimetabolites that are initially managed with dose reduction or discontinuation if adverse events persist. Mammalian targets of rapamycin inhibitors are associated with myelosuppression, proteinuria, impaired wound healing, and stomatitis, which may require dose reduction or discontinuation. Induction agents and agents used for steroid-refractory rejection or antibody-mediated rejection are reviewed. Other rare complications of immunosuppressants are discussed as well.
Topics: Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Liver Transplantation; Graft Rejection; Calcineurin Inhibitors; Kidney Diseases; Immunosuppression Therapy; Metabolic Diseases; MTOR Inhibitors
PubMed: 38315054
DOI: 10.1097/LVT.0000000000000341 -
Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice :... Dec 2017Myelofibrosis is a BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by abnormal hematopoiesis. Alterations to the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator... (Review)
Review
Myelofibrosis is a BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by abnormal hematopoiesis. Alterations to the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway result in dysregulation of gene transcription and cell proliferation. Patients with symptomatic myelofibrosis present with a variety of signs and symptoms including, but not limited to myelosuppression, marked splenomegaly, abdominal discomfort, fatigue, and blood transfusion-dependence. Traditional myelosuppressive therapies including hydroxyurea, azacitidine, and cladribine aim to reduce constitutional symptoms and control the burden of disease. Immunomodulators can potentially reverse anemia associated with myelofibrosis, but are poorly tolerated by most patients. The novel Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitor, ruxolitinib, has demonstrated marked improvements to constitutional symptoms and splenomegaly. While survival benefit has not yet been demonstrated, continued research into pharmacologic management of myelofibrosis offers the promise of altering the course of disease progression.
Topics: Anemia; Disease Management; Humans; Janus Kinase 2; Nitriles; Primary Myelofibrosis; Pyrazoles; Pyrimidines; Splenomegaly
PubMed: 27672139
DOI: 10.1177/1078155216670229 -
Paediatrics and Child Health Mar 2020Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a common and dangerous consequence of myelosuppressive chemotherapy but can occur as part of the disease processes. Bacterial bloodstream... (Review)
Review
Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a common and dangerous consequence of myelosuppressive chemotherapy but can occur as part of the disease processes. Bacterial bloodstream infection is the most commonly diagnosed cause of febrile neutropenia, with Gram-positive organisms most frequently isolated. However, Gram-negative organisms are becoming more prevalent, with a worrying trend towards resistant organisms. When FN is prolonged, lasting for more than 5 days, there is an increased risk of invasive fungal infections. Prompt recognition, diagnosis and initiation of treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics are essential to avoid complications and prevent rapid progression to sepsis and possible death. This short article summarises the definition, causes, pathogenesis, applied physiology and management of FN in children.
PubMed: 32336983
DOI: 10.1016/j.paed.2019.12.002 -
Skinmed 2022Anagen effluvium and myelosuppression are rare adverse effects of azathioprine. Hair loss due to azathioprine is more frequent in transplant than in nontransplant...
Anagen effluvium and myelosuppression are rare adverse effects of azathioprine. Hair loss due to azathioprine is more frequent in transplant than in nontransplant patients. We report three patients with azathioprine-induced anagen effluvium and myelosuppression, who were prescribed azathioprine for dermatologic conditions. (. 2022;20:192-196).
Topics: Alopecia Areata; Azathioprine; Humans
PubMed: 35779024
DOI: No ID Found -
Internal and Emergency Medicine Oct 2022Colchicine is a tricyclic, lipid-soluble alkaloid which has long been used to treat gout and many immunological diseases. Due to its narrow therapeutic window and long... (Review)
Review
Colchicine is a tricyclic, lipid-soluble alkaloid which has long been used to treat gout and many immunological diseases. Due to its narrow therapeutic window and long half-life of elimination, colchicine overdose occurs occasionally. Unfortunately, some patients lost their lives because of colchicine overdose or suicide. Acute colchicine poisoning can lead to original gastrointestinal disorders, shock, progressive multiple organ failure, and myelosuppression. Although many researchers in the world performed lots of research, there are currently no specific antidotes for colchicine poisoning. Meanwhile, there are no management guidelines to treat patients with acute colchicine poisoning until now. Herein, we systematically elaborate on the clinical features and progress in the management of acute colchicine poisoning in adults according to the previous literature. This paper will provide some valuable and available information for clinicians.
Topics: Adult; Antidotes; Colchicine; Humans; Lipids; Multiple Organ Failure; Poisoning; Suicide
PubMed: 36028733
DOI: 10.1007/s11739-022-03079-6