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International Orthopaedics Sep 2014Pericytes were once thought only to aid in angiogenesis and blood pressure control. Gradually, the known functions of pericytes and other perivascular stem cells (PSC)... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Pericytes were once thought only to aid in angiogenesis and blood pressure control. Gradually, the known functions of pericytes and other perivascular stem cells (PSC) have broadly increased. The following review article will summarize the known functions and importance of pericytes across disciplines of pathology, stem cell biology, and tissue engineering.
METHODS
A literature review was performed for studies examining the importance of pericytes in pathology, stem cell biology, and tissue engineering.
RESULTS
The importance of pericytes most prominently includes the identification of the perivascular identity of mesenchymal stem cells (or MSC). Now, pericytes and other PSC are known to display surface markers and multilineage differentiation potential of MSC. Accordingly, interest in the purification and use of PSC for mesenchymal tissue formation and regeneration has increased. Significant demonstration of in vivo efficacy in bone and muscle regeneration has been made in laboratory animals. Contemporaneously with the uncovering of an MSC identity for pericytes, investigators in tumour biology have found biologically relevant roles for pericytes in tumor formation, lymphovascular invasion, and perivascular tumor spread. As well, the contribution of pericytes to perivascular tumors has been examined (and debated), including glomus tumour, myopericytoma and solitary fibrous tumour/hemangiopericytoma. In addition, an expanding recognition of pericyte mimicry and perivascular tumour invasion has occurred, encompassing common malignancies of the brain and skin.
CONCLUSIONS
In summary, pericytes have a wide range of roles in health and disease. Pericytes are being increasingly studied for their role in tumour formation, growth and invasion. Likewise, the application of pericytes/PSC for mesenchymal tissue engineering is an expanding field of interest.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Lineage; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasms, Vascular Tissue; Pathology; Pericytes; Stem Cell Research; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 24566993
DOI: 10.1007/s00264-014-2295-0 -
International Journal of Surgical... Aug 2022Myopericytomas are uncommon tumors defined by their round to spindle shaped cells often arranged in a concentric pattern of perivascular growth. They are typically... (Review)
Review
Myopericytomas are uncommon tumors defined by their round to spindle shaped cells often arranged in a concentric pattern of perivascular growth. They are typically well-circumscribed, nodular, slow-growing lesions that occur in the soft tissue of the extremities. Here, we present a 30-year-old female with a 2.4 cm myopericytoma occurring in the deep lobe of the parotid gland. The diagnosis was made with detailed histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings and positive identification of the specific mutation for p.Asp666Lys by next generation sequencing (NGS). This is the first case report of a parotid myopericytoma with a genetic testing that shows a particular mutation that has been linked to myopericytomatosis.
Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Hemangiopericytoma; Humans; Myopericytoma; Parotid Gland; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta
PubMed: 34970937
DOI: 10.1177/10668969211070167 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Jan 2023A myopericytoma in the auricle is rare. If an auricle contains a large, firm, red-brown mass, excision should be considered because the mass may be a myopericytoma....
A myopericytoma in the auricle is rare. If an auricle contains a large, firm, red-brown mass, excision should be considered because the mass may be a myopericytoma. After excision, histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnoses are essential to rule out malignancy. Long-term follow-up is required because the tumor is slow-growing.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms
PubMed: 33356520
DOI: 10.1177/0145561320984576 -
Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands) Jun 2024A 5-year-old girl presented with a 6-month history of strabismus and painless left proptosis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a homogenously enhancing, anterior,...
A 5-year-old girl presented with a 6-month history of strabismus and painless left proptosis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a homogenously enhancing, anterior, superomedial, left orbital mass. Excisional biopsy established the diagnosis of orbital glomangiopericytoma. Glomangiopericytoma of soft tissue is a perivascular myoid neoplasm with hemangiocytoma-like vascular channels that has overlapping features between glomus tumor and myopericytoma. To the authors' knowledge, glomangiopericytoma of the orbit has not previously been reported.
Topics: Humans; Female; Orbital Neoplasms; Child, Preschool; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Exophthalmos; Hemangiopericytoma; Glomus Tumor; Biopsy; Strabismus
PubMed: 36469586
DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2022.2151629 -
Respiratory Medicine Case Reports 2021Myopericytoma is a benign neoplasm presenting cells with different shapes, from oval to spindle, and myoid showing with perivascular growth, which frequently originates...
Myopericytoma is a benign neoplasm presenting cells with different shapes, from oval to spindle, and myoid showing with perivascular growth, which frequently originates from the skin and soft tissues of distal extremities, trunk, head, and neck regions. These tumors rarely have been reported to occur in visceral sites. There is only one case of myopericytoma showing pulmonary involvement with multiple nodules. Although most myopericytomas behave in a benign manner, some cases of malignant myopericytoma arising in both superficial soft tissue and visceral locations have been described. We describe two cases of pulmonary tumors with myopericytoma-like features.
PubMed: 33614407
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2021.101355 -
The American Journal of Surgical... Jan 2020Pericytic tumors comprise a histologic continuum of neoplasms with perivascular myoid differentiation, which includes glomus tumors, myopericytoma, myofibroma, and...
Pericytic tumors comprise a histologic continuum of neoplasms with perivascular myoid differentiation, which includes glomus tumors, myopericytoma, myofibroma, and angioleiomyoma. Despite their morphologic overlap, recent data suggest a dichotomy in their genetic signatures, including recurrent NOTCH gene fusions in glomus tumors and PDGFRB mutations in myofibromas and myopericytomas. Moreover, SRF-RELA fusions have been described in a subset of cellular variants of myofibroma and myopericytoma showing myogenic differentiation. Triggered by an index case of an unclassified cellular myoid tumor showing a novel SRF-ICA1L fusion we have investigated our files for cases showing similar histology and screened them using a combined approach of targeted RNA sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization. A fusion between SRF exon 4 and ICA1L exon 10 or 11 was identified in a total of 4 spindle cell tumors with similar clinicopathologic features. Clinically, the tumors were deep-seated and originated in the trunk or proximal lower extremity of adult patients (age range: 23 to 55 y). Histologically, the tumors were composed of cellular fascicles of monomorphic eosinophilic spindle cells showing increased mitotic activity, harboring densely hyalinized stroma, often with focal areas of necrosis. All 4 tumors had similar immunoprofiles with positivity for smooth muscle actin, calponin, and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain. Tumors were negative for desmin and caldesmon, markers often seen in SRF-RELA-positive tumors with similar morphology. Follow-up information was available in 3 patients. Two patients had no evidence of disease, 2 and 5 years after surgical resection. One patient, a 35-year-old male patient with a 19 cm deep-seated tumor with brisk mitotic activity (>20 mitoses in 10 HPF), developed lung metastases 7 years after initial diagnosis. In summary, we report a series of 4 cellular myoid tumors with novel SRF-ICA1L gene fusions, characterized by bland spindle cell fascicular growth, expression of specific smooth muscle markers, elevated mitotic activity, marked stromal hyalinization, focal coagulative necrosis, and potential for malignant behavior. Given the morphologic overlap with related cellular myopericytic tumors with SRF-RELA fusions, it is likely that SRF-ICA1L fusions define a similar subset of neoplasms composed of immature smooth muscle cells.
Topics: Adult; Angiomyoma; Autoantigens; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cohort Studies; Female; Gene Fusion; Glomus Tumor; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myofibroma; Myopericytoma; Serum Response Factor; Young Adult
PubMed: 31478943
DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001336 -
Radiology Case Reports Jan 2021Myopericytoma is a rare perivascular tumor commonly arising in the superficial soft tissue and subcutaneous tissue of the distal extremities. We report the first case of...
Myopericytoma is a rare perivascular tumor commonly arising in the superficial soft tissue and subcutaneous tissue of the distal extremities. We report the first case of myopericytoma occurring in the breast, focusing on the imaging and histopathological characteristics of the tumor. From an imaging perspective, myopericytoma presents a well-circumscribed, marked hypervascularity, and intense enhancement after injection of contrast material. Imaging examinations, such as ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging, can contribute to the detection of tumor invasion to adjacent structures or distant metastases, and provide evidence for a treatment plan.
PubMed: 33204380
DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2020.10.051 -
Medicine Mar 2015Intravascular myopericytoma (IVMP), regarded as a variant of myopericytoma, is a rare tumor. Very few cases have been described, none in the foot.The first case of IVMP... (Review)
Review
Intravascular myopericytoma (IVMP), regarded as a variant of myopericytoma, is a rare tumor. Very few cases have been described, none in the foot.The first case of IVMP located in the heel of the foot is described in this article. A literature review is reported of all cases of IVMP published in the English literature.A 48-year-old man possessed an IVMP on the heel of the right foot. The physical examination and histopathological and ultrasound studies are described. The literature review yielded 5 cases of IVMP, 2 of which were in the thigh and 1 each in the oral mucosa, the periorbital region, and the leg.The possibility that these lesions may be malignant suggests that the histopathological study of vascular tumors should include immunohistochemical tests.
Topics: Heel; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue; Vascular Neoplasms
PubMed: 25789958
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000000642 -
Human Pathology Jan 2016Perivascular soft tissue tumors are relatively uncommon neoplasms of unclear lineage of differentiation, although most are presumed to originate from or differentiate to...
Perivascular soft tissue tumors are relatively uncommon neoplasms of unclear lineage of differentiation, although most are presumed to originate from or differentiate to pericytes or a modified perivascular cell. Among these, glomus tumor, myopericytoma, and angioleiomyoma share a spectrum of histologic findings and a perivascular growth pattern. In contrast, solitary fibrous tumor was once hypothesized to have pericytic differentiation--although little bona fide evidence of pericytic differentiation exists. Likewise the perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) family shares a perivascular growth pattern, but with distinctive dual myoid-melanocytic differentiation. RGS5, regulator of G-protein signaling 5, is a novel pericyte antigen with increasing use in animal models. Here, we describe the immunohistochemical expression patterns of RGS5 across perivascular soft tissue tumors, including glomus tumor (n = 6), malignant glomus tumor (n = 4), myopericytoma (n = 3), angioleiomyoma (n = 9), myofibroma (n = 4), solitary fibrous tumor (n = 10), and PEComa (n = 19). Immunohistochemical staining and semi-quantification was performed, and compared to αSMA (smooth muscle actin) expression. Results showed that glomus tumor (including malignant glomus tumor), myopericytoma, and angioleiomyoma shared a similar diffuse immunoreactivity for RGS5 and αSMA across all tumors examined. In contrast, myofibroma, solitary fibrous tumor and PEComa showed predominantly focal to absent RGS5 immunoreactivity. These findings further support a common pericytic lineage of differentiation in glomus tumors, myopericytoma and angioleiomyoma. The pericyte marker RGS5 may be of future clinical utility for the evaluation of pericytic differentiation in soft tissue tumors.
Topics: Actins; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiomyoma; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell Differentiation; Cell Lineage; Female; Glomus Tumor; Hemangiopericytoma; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Myofibroma; Pericytes; Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Neoplasms; RGS Proteins; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Solitary Fibrous Tumors; Young Adult
PubMed: 26558691
DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.09.013 -
Medicine Dec 2023Intravascular myopericytomas are a rare type of myopericytomas. In most previously reported cases, these were benign, occurred on the legs or neck, and had low... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Intravascular myopericytomas are a rare type of myopericytomas. In most previously reported cases, these were benign, occurred on the legs or neck, and had low recurrence rates. We have described a unique case of an intravascular myopericytoma that caused spontaneous deep vein thrombosis.
MAIN SYMPTOMS, IMPORTANT CLINICAL FINDINGS, AND MAIN DIAGNOSES
A 37-year-old man presented with sudden-onset pain and swelling in the upper arm; physical examination revealed a 10 cm, palpable, firm, and mobile lesion in the upper arm. A biopsy revealed intravascular myopericytoma; immunohistological examination revealed a lesion in the lumen of the basilic vein. The tumor comprised abundant myxoid stroma with spindle cells proliferating in a concentric perivascular manner around the blood vessel. The tumor cells stained positive for CD34 and smooth muscle actin.
THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES
The patient underwent total excision of the mass under local anesthesia; no recurrence was observed thereafter. A literature review was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar; the key terms were "intravascular myopericytoma" and "IVMP." Nineteen cases of intravascular myopericytomas across 14 articles published between January 2002 and January 2022 were identified. These involved 11 men and 7 women (sex was unknown in 1 case); the ages were 22 to 80 years (mean: 59.8 ± 14 years). In most cases, the tumor was slow-growing, and the etiology was previous surgical history or trauma. No pain was reported by patients with tumors on the face or feet, and no recurrence was observed after surgery in any of the reported cases. Immunohistochemical staining for smooth muscle actin, h-caldesmon, calponin, and CD34 was performed for differential diagnosis. Contrary to the slow-growing nature reported in the literature, the nature related to growing in the present case was unclear that lesion was discovered because of sudden pain caused by thrombosis. However, the diagnostic method and recurrence rate in our case were similar to those in the previously reported cases.
CONCLUSION
Our case shows that although intravascular myopericytomas are rare, they can cause spontaneous thrombosis. They have low recurrence rates after complete resection. Spontaneous deep vein thrombosis that occurs in rare locations must be treated after determining the causes.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Actins; Arm; Myopericytoma; Pain; Thrombosis; Venous Thrombosis; Young Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Aged, 80 and over
PubMed: 38065911
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036566