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JACC. Basic To Translational Science Oct 2023Protein diversity can increase via N-myristoylation, adding myristic acid to an N-terminal glycine residue. In a murine model of pressure overload, knockdown of cardiac...
Protein diversity can increase via N-myristoylation, adding myristic acid to an N-terminal glycine residue. In a murine model of pressure overload, knockdown of cardiac N-myristoyltransferase 2 (NMT2) by adeno-associated virus 9 exacerbated cardiac dysfunction, remodeling, and failure. Click chemistry-based quantitative chemical proteomics identified substrate proteins of N-myristoylation in cardiac myocytes. N-myristoylation of MARCKS regulated angiotensin II-induced cardiac pathological hypertrophy by preventing activations of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and histone deacetylase 4 and histone acetylation. Gene transfer of NMT2 to the heart reduced cardiac dysfunction and failure, suggesting targeting N-myristoylation through NMT2 could be a potential therapeutic approach for preventing cardiac remodeling and heart failure.
PubMed: 38094695
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.06.006 -
Microbial Biotechnology Feb 2022Biofilms are communities of bacteria, fungi or yeasts that form on diverse biotic or abiotic surfaces, and play important roles in pathogenesis and drug resistance. A...
Biofilms are communities of bacteria, fungi or yeasts that form on diverse biotic or abiotic surfaces, and play important roles in pathogenesis and drug resistance. A generic saw palmetto oil inhibited biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and fungal Candida albicans without affecting their planktonic cell growth. Two main components of the oil, lauric acid and myristic acid, are responsible for this antibiofilm activity. Their antibiofilm activities were observed in dual-species biofilms as well as three-species biofilms of S. aureus, E. coli O157:H7 and C. albicans. Transcriptomic analysis showed that lauric acid and myristic acid repressed the expressions of haemolysin genes (hla and hld) in S. aureus, several biofilm-related genes (csgAB, fimH and flhD) in E. coli and hypha cell wall gene HWP1 in C. albicans, which supported biofilm inhibition. Also, saw palmetto oil, lauric acid and myristic acid reduced virulence of three microbes in a nematode infection model and exhibited minimal cytotoxicity. Furthermore, combinatorial treatment of fatty acids and antibiotics showed synergistic antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus and E. coli O157:H7. These results demonstrate that saw palmetto oil and its main fatty acids might be useful for controlling bacterial infections as well as multispecies biofilms.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Candida albicans; Escherichia coli O157; Lauric Acids; Myristic Acid; Plant Extracts; Serenoa; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 34156757
DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13864 -
Nutrients May 2023Pediatric obesity is associated with alterations in the gut microbiota and its metabolites. However, how they influence obesity and the effect of lifestyle interventions... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Pediatric obesity is associated with alterations in the gut microbiota and its metabolites. However, how they influence obesity and the effect of lifestyle interventions remains unknown.. In this non-randomized clinical trial, we analyzed metabolomes and microbial features to understand the associated metabolic pathways and the effect of lifestyle interventions on pediatric obesity. Anthropometric/biochemical data and fasting serum, urine, and fecal samples were collected at baseline and after an eight-week, weight-reduction lifestyle modification program. Post-intervention, children with obesity were classified into responder and non-responder groups based on changes in total body fat. At baseline, serum L-isoleucine and uric acid levels were significantly higher in children with obesity compared with those in normal-weight children and were positively correlated with obesogenic genera. Taurodeoxycholic and tauromuricholic α + β acid levels decreased significantly with obesity and were negatively correlated with obesogenic genera. Branched-chain amino acid and purine metabolisms were distinguished metabolic pathways in the obese group. Post-intervention, urinary myristic acid levels decreased significantly in the responder group, showing a significant positive correlation with Fatty acid biosynthesis decreased significantly in the responder group. Thus, lifestyle intervention with weight loss is associated with changes in fatty acid biosynthesis, and myristic acid is a possible therapeutic target for pediatric obesity.
Topics: Child; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Myristic Acid; Metabolome; Life Style
PubMed: 37432339
DOI: 10.3390/nu15092184 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022(Kunth) Britten & Baker f (Malvaceae) is used for the folk treatment of mood disorders. bark was extracted in ethanol, and the extract (CAE) was chemically...
(Kunth) Britten & Baker f (Malvaceae) is used for the folk treatment of mood disorders. bark was extracted in ethanol, and the extract (CAE) was chemically standardized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This study evaluated the effects of CAE (10-100 mg/kg p.o.) on anxiolytic-like activity, sedation, locomotor activity, depression-like activity, and spatial working memory using in vivo rodent models. A possible mechanism for the anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like actions induced by CAE was assessed using neurotransmission pathway inhibitors. Myristic acid was one of the compounds found in CAE using GC-MS. This study also evaluated the anxiolytic-like activity and the sedative actions of myristic acid and assessed a possible mechanism of action using neurotransmission pathway inhibitors and an in silico analysis. CAE elicited anxiolytic-like activity and antidepressant-like effects (ED = 57 mg/kg). CAE (10-100 mg/kg) did not affect locomotor coordination or induce sedation. The anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like actions of CAE were reverted by prazosin, suggesting a possible participation of the noradrenergic system. The anxiolytic-like activity of myristic acid was reverted by the co-administration of prazosin and partially reverted by ketanserin. The docking study revealed that myristic acid can form favorable interactions within 5-HT2A and α1A-adrenoreceptor binding pockets.
PubMed: 36559031
DOI: 10.3390/ph15121580 -
Pediatric Allergy and Immunology :... Jan 2022Respiratory viral infections (RSV) can induce acute asthma attacks, thereby destroying lung function and accelerating the progression of the disease. However,...
BACKGROUND
Respiratory viral infections (RSV) can induce acute asthma attacks, thereby destroying lung function and accelerating the progression of the disease. However, medications in the stable phase of asthma are often not effective for acute attacks induced by viral infections. We aimed to clarify the possible mechanism of viral infection-induced asthma through fatty acid metabolism.
METHODS AND RESULTS
The airway resistances, inflammatory injuries, and oxidative stress in the RSV-induced animal models were significantly higher than those in the control group at acute phase (7 days) and chronic phase (28 days). Moreover, the concentrations of the medium- and long-chain fatty acids in lung tissue at (28 days) were significantly increased, including 14:0 (myristic acid), 16:0 (palmitic acid, PA), 18:1 (oleic acid, OA), and 18:2 (linoleic acid, LA) using non-targeted metabonomics. Airway epithelial cells treated with RSV showed the reduced expression of FSP27, RAB8A, and PLIN5, which caused the fusion and growth of lipid droplet (LD), and increased expression of the LD dispersion gene perilipin 2. There was also a decrease in PPARγ expression and an increase in the fatty acid catabolism gene PPARα, causing lipid oxidation, free fatty acid releases, and an upsurge in IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6 expression, which could be abrogated by GPR40 inhibitor. Treated mice or epithelial cells with C18 fatty acid exhibited inhibition of epithelial proliferation, increases of inflammation, and oxidative damage.
CONCLUSIONS
RSV promoted lipid dispersion and utilization, causing enlarged oxidative injuries and an upsurge in the pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to the progression of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR).
Topics: Animals; Humans; Lipid Droplets; Lung; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses
PubMed: 34383332
DOI: 10.1111/pai.13651 -
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences 2022Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disorder which manifests itself for the first time during pregnancy and is mainly connected with glucose metabolism. It is also...
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disorder which manifests itself for the first time during pregnancy and is mainly connected with glucose metabolism. It is also known that fatty acid profile changes in erythrocyte membranes and plasma could be associated with obesity and insulin resistance. These factors can lead to the development of diabetes. In the reported study, we applied the untargeted analysis of plasma in GDM against standard glucose-tolerant (NGT) women to identify the differences in metabolomic profiles between those groups. We found higher levels of 2-hydroxybutyric and 3-hydroxybutyric acids. Both secondary metabolites are associated with impaired glucose metabolism. However, they are products of different metabolic pathways. Additionally, we applied lipidomic profiling using gas chromatography to examine the fatty acid composition of cholesteryl esters in the plasma of GDM patients. Among the 14 measured fatty acids characterizing the representative plasma lipidomic cluster, myristic, oleic, arachidonic, and α-linoleic acids revealed statistically significant changes. Concentrations of both myristic acid, one of the saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and oleic acid, which belong to monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), tend to decrease in GDM patients. In the case of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), some of them tend to increase (e.g., arachidonic), and some of them tend to decrease (e.g., α-linolenic). Based on our results, we postulate the importance of hydroxybutyric acid derivatives, cholesteryl ester composition, and the oleic acid diminution in the pathophysiology of GDM. There are some evidence suggests that the oleic acid can have the protective role in diabetes onset. However, metabolic alterations that lead to the onset of GDM are complex; therefore, further studies are needed to confirm our observations.
PubMed: 36685282
DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.997436 -
Novel Interactions of Myristic Acid and Variants Predict Atopic Dermatitis among Indonesian Infants.Nutrients Nov 2022Fatty acids exert a range of different biological activities that could be relevant in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). This study investigated the association...
Fatty acids exert a range of different biological activities that could be relevant in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). This study investigated the association of glycerophospholipid fatty acids (GPL-FA) with AD, and their interactions with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the gene cluster. Among 390 infants of the Indonesian ISADI study, GPL-FA were measured in umbilical plasma (P-0y) and in buccal cells at birth (B-0y), and again in buccal cells at AD onset or one year (B-1y). Prospective and cross-sectional associations with AD were assessed by logistic regression. Interactions of GPL-FA with 14 SNP were tested assuming an additive model. AD was diagnosed in 15.4% of participants. In B-1y, C18:2n-6 was inversely associated with AD; and positive associations were observed for C18:1n-9, C20:4n-6, C22:6n-3 and C20:4n-6/C18:2n-6. There were no prospective associations with AD, however, a significant interaction between the SNP rs174449 and B-0y C14:0 (myristic acid) was observed. This study indicates that Indonesian infants with AD have increased rates of endogenous long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid production, as well as higher C18:1n-9 levels. GPL-FA measured at birth do not predict later AD incidence; however, genotype interactions reveal novel effects of myristic acid, which are modified by a variant.
Topics: Infant; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Dermatitis, Atopic; Cross-Sectional Studies; Myristic Acid; Indonesia; Mouth Mucosa; Fatty Acids; Glycerophospholipids; Fatty Acid Desaturases
PubMed: 36364938
DOI: 10.3390/nu14214676 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Jan 2019The present study describes compound-specific δC and δN analyses of fatty acids and amino acids for improving the accurate authentication of organic milk (OM) against...
The present study describes compound-specific δC and δN analyses of fatty acids and amino acids for improving the accurate authentication of organic milk (OM) against conventional milk (CM) collected in Korea. Most δC and δC values were lower in OM than in CM ( P < 0.05); however, most δN values displayed weak discriminative power for OM authentication. Higher isotopic fractionation was observed in δC than in δC and δN, with fractionation trends differing with individual amino acids. In particular, δC of -33.5‰ and δC of -28‰ were determined to be promising year-round threshold values for Korean OM authentication. The δC was highly correlated with δC ( r = 0.92) and δC ( r = 0.77), and strong positive correlations were observed between δC and δC ( r = 0.98) and between δN and δN ( r = 0.90). Chemometric modeling for OM authentication produced a high quality model ( R X = 0.547, R Y = 0.865, and Q = 0.689) with reliable chemical markers, notably δC, δC, and δC. Furthermore, the models developed for seasonal separation in OM ( Q = 0.954) and CM ( Q = 0.791) were of good quality. Our findings, based on compound-specific isotope data, improve the reliability of OM authentication in cases where bulk stable isotope ratio analysis alone is insufficient. They also provide valuable insight into the control of fraudulent OM labeling in Korea, with potential application in other countries.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Fatty Acids; Food Contamination; Food, Organic; Milk; Nitrogen Isotopes; Republic of Korea
PubMed: 30543294
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05063 -
Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces... Aug 2023Superhydrophobic cotton fabrics with multifunctional features are highly desired in domestic and outdoor applications. However, the short coating longevity and hazardous...
Superhydrophobic cotton fabrics with multifunctional features are highly desired in domestic and outdoor applications. However, the short coating longevity and hazardous reagents significantly reduce their commercial-scale applications. Herein, we introduce CeO nanoparticles and stearic acid (SA) to develop a fluorine-free, durable superhydrophobic cotton fabric that mimics the lotus effect. The pristine cotton fabric is treated with APTES-functionalized CeO nanoparticles by immersion followed by a dip and drying treatment with a 2% myristic acid solution. This sequential process creates a stable superhydrophobic cotton fabric (SA/CeO-cotton fabric) with a water contact angle of 158° and a water sliding angle of 5°. The results are attributed to the combined effect of CeO nanoparticles and stearic acid that enhances surface roughness and reduces surface sorption energy. APTES facilitates the durable attachment of CeO nanoparticles and stearic acid to the cotton fabric. The modified cotton fabric is characterized by advanced analytical tools, demonstrating enhanced superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning, and antiwater absorption properties. Additionally, it exhibits remarkable UV-blocking (UPF 542) and antibacterial properties. The designed superhydrophobic cotton fabric unveils good mechanical, thermal, and chemical durability. The proposed strategy is simple, green, and economical and can be used commercially for functional fabric preparation.
PubMed: 37549018
DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01002 -
Lipids Jul 2021Implementing insects, such as the black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), as animal feed commonly includes the previous removal of substantial amounts of fat. This fat may...
Implementing insects, such as the black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), as animal feed commonly includes the previous removal of substantial amounts of fat. This fat may represent an as yet underutilized energy source for livestock. However, transfer of lauric and myristic acid, prevalent in BSFL fat and undesired in human nutrition, into animal-source foods like eggs may limit its implementation. To quantify this, a laying hen experiment was performed comprising five different diets (10 hens/diet). These were a control diet with soybean oil and meal and a second diet with soybean oil but with partially defatted BSFL meal as protein source. The other three diets were based on different combinations of partially defatted BSFL meal and fat obtained by two different production methods. Lauric acid made up half of the BSFL fat from both origins. Both BSFL fats also contained substantial amounts of myristic and palmitic acid. However, in the insect-based diets, the net transfer from diet to egg yolk was less than 1% for lauric acid, whereas the net transfer for myristic and palmitic acid was about 30% and 100%, respectively. The net transfer did not vary between BSFL originating from production on different larval feeding substrates. The results illustrate that hens are able to metabolize or elongate very large proportions of ingested lauric acid and myristic acid, which are predominant in the BSFL lipids (together accounting for as much as 37 mol%), such that they collectively account for less than 3.5 mol% of egg yolk fatty acids.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Chickens; Diptera; Egg Yolk; Fatty Acids; Female; Larva; Lauric Acids; Myristic Acid; Soybean Oil
PubMed: 33886120
DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12304