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Heart (British Cardiac Society) May 2022Cardiac myxomas (CM) are the most common type of primary cardiac tumours in adults, which have an approximate incidence of up to 0.2% in some autopsy series. The purpose... (Review)
Review
Cardiac myxomas (CM) are the most common type of primary cardiac tumours in adults, which have an approximate incidence of up to 0.2% in some autopsy series. The purpose of this review is to summarise the literature on CM, including clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, work-up including imaging modalities and histopathology, management, and prognosis. CM are benign neoplasms developed from multipotent mesenchyme and usually present as an undifferentiated atrial mass. They are typically pedunculated and attached at the fossa ovalis, on the left side of the atrial septum. Potentially life-threatening, the presence of CM calls for prompt diagnosis and surgical resection. Infrequently asymptomatic, patients with CM exhibit various manifestations, ranging from influenza-like symptoms, heart failure and stroke, to sudden death. Although non-specific, a classic triad for CM involves constitutional, embolic, and obstructive or cardiac symptoms. CM may be purposefully characterised or incidentally diagnosed on an echocardiogram, CT scan or cardiac MRI, all of which can help to differentiate CM from other differentials. Echocardiogram is the first-line imaging technique; however, it is fallible, potentially resulting in uncommonly situated CM being overlooked. The diagnosis of CM can often be established based on clinical, imaging and histopathology features. Definitive diagnosis requires macroscopic and histopathological assessment, including positivity for endothelial cell markers such as CD31 and CD34. Their prognosis is excellent when treated with prompt surgical resection, with postsurgical survival rates analogous to overall survival in the age-matched general population.
Topics: Adult; Echocardiography; Embolism; Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Myxoma; Prognosis
PubMed: 34493547
DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2021-319479 -
Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive...Myxomas are a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal tumors. Soft tissue myxomas are divided into myocardial, intramuscular, juxta-articular, superficial, aggressive, and...
Myxomas are a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal tumors. Soft tissue myxomas are divided into myocardial, intramuscular, juxta-articular, superficial, aggressive, and nerve sheath myxomas. Although benign, myxomas have site-specific biologic behavior and syndromic associations, which can influence prognosis and management. In addition, myxomas need to be distinguished from malignant neoplasms, such as myxofibrosarcomas, low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas, myxoid liposarcomas, and peripheral nerve sheath tumors. While myxomas can occur throughout the body, these tumors arise more commonly in the thigh, shoulder, buttocks, and upper extremity, and less often in the head and neck. Rarely, myxomas can arise in a periocular location, typically in the conjunctiva and eyelid skin. In this case report, we present a patient with recurrent intramuscular myxoma of the eyelid and discuss the differential diagnosis and syndromic associations of this neoplasm. To our knowledge, there have been no prior reports of intramuscular myxoma of the eyelid and orbit.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Myxoma; Fibrosarcoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Nerve Sheath Neoplasms; Eyelids
PubMed: 35793663
DOI: 10.1097/IOP.0000000000002236 -
Medicina Clinica Jun 2023
Topics: Humans; Atrial Fibrillation; Heart Neoplasms; Heart Atria; Myxoma
PubMed: 36890091
DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2023.01.018 -
Zeitschrift Fur Geburtshilfe Und... Aug 2017Fetal cardiac myxomas are very rare. To date there has been no representative description of fetal cardiac myxomas. The aim of this study is to highlight the clinical... (Review)
Review
Fetal cardiac myxomas are very rare. To date there has been no representative description of fetal cardiac myxomas. The aim of this study is to highlight the clinical features, possible outcomes and the disparities from the adult cardiac myxomas and other fetal cardiac tumors.A comprehensive literature review yielded 27 reports including 32 cases of fetal cardiac myxomas.Apart from the same pedunculated and solitary nature and echogenic appearance, fetal cardiac myxomas differ from those in adults in many aspects, including tumor location, clinical manifestation and malignant potential. Fetal cardiac myxomas are the most common in the left ventricle and the least common in the left atrium. Tumor size and tumor site could be predictive risk factors of adverse cardiac events of fetuses.Their clinical courses are often benign with fewer cases of adverse cardiac events. Prenatal echocardiography is a reliable diagnostic technique, which can detect cardiac myxomas at as early as 18 weeks gestation. Differential diagnosis should be made from other types of fetal cardiac tumors. Postnatal cardiac myxoma resection may provide a good prognosis.
Topics: Echocardiography; Female; Fetal Diseases; Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Myxoma; Pregnancy; Prognosis; Ultrasonography, Prenatal
PubMed: 28800669
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-115228 -
Acta Ortopedica Mexicana 2021Mazabraud syndrome was first described in 1926 by Henschen, consisting of the association between bone fibrodysplasia and one or more intramuscular myxomas. The study...
Mazabraud syndrome was first described in 1926 by Henschen, consisting of the association between bone fibrodysplasia and one or more intramuscular myxomas. The study paper conducted by Mazabraud et al. in 1967, described an association between the two pathologies. Later literature referred to this relationship with the eponym described above. In this report, we present the case of a 43-year-old female patient with a known diagnosis of bone fibrodysplasia and subsequent development of a right antecubital fossa mass, which was histologically confirmed as intramuscular myxoma. After the removal of the tumor, the literature was reviewed to find a possible relationship between myxomas and fibrous bone dysplasia, finding positive the association, referred to in the documents reviewed as Mazabraud syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Female; Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone; Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Muscle Neoplasms; Myxoma; Syndrome
PubMed: 34731928
DOI: No ID Found -
Anatolian Journal of Cardiology Mar 2017A cardiac myxoma may manifest as miscellaneous and uncharacteristic presentations. These unusual aspects of cardiac myxomas can be rare clinical presentations, special... (Review)
Review
A cardiac myxoma may manifest as miscellaneous and uncharacteristic presentations. These unusual aspects of cardiac myxomas can be rare clinical presentations, special patient populations, unusual locations, and special pathology, which may lead to a delayed diagnosis, improper checkups, and subsequent untimely treatment, eventually resulting in unexpected poor prognosis. Therefore, the diagnosis of cardiac myxomas can be challenging because of these unusual aspects. In order to get a better understanding of a cardiac myxoma and to facilitate an early diagnosis and proper treatment, the unusual aspects of cardiac myxomas are described here.
Topics: Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Myxoma
PubMed: 28321109
DOI: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2017.7557 -
BMJ Case Reports Jan 2023Oral soft-tissue myxomas of the oral cavity have been sparsely cited in the medical literature worldwide. This could be due to other clinically and/or histologically...
Oral soft-tissue myxomas of the oral cavity have been sparsely cited in the medical literature worldwide. This could be due to other clinically and/or histologically similar lesions requiring accurate differential diagnosis by experienced physicians and pathologists. Although myxomas are benign and do not metastasise, they have higher rates of recurrence and deserve proper attention and to be reported as well. Soft-tissue myxomas of the oral cavity are extremely rare and very few cases have been reported in the literature. The article describes a soft-tissue myxoma in a male patient in his 40s and review of published cases.
Topics: Humans; Male; Mouth; Myxoma
PubMed: 36599490
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-251035 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Oct 2018
Topics: Dyspnea; Echocardiography; Female; Heart Atria; Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Middle Aged; Myxoma; Tachycardia, Sinus
PubMed: 30332570
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm1802693 -
International Journal of Surgical... Oct 2018Emboli are common clinicopathologic findings. Recognition of the type of arterial emboli could be the first clue to the original source. Emboli with myxomatous changes...
Emboli are common clinicopathologic findings. Recognition of the type of arterial emboli could be the first clue to the original source. Emboli with myxomatous changes are rare. Myxoma-like features in mural organizing thrombi have been reported. The most challenging differential diagnosis is between embolic cardiac myxomas and myxomatous thromboemboli. Emboli from sarcomas and arteriosclerotic plaques with myxoid features are also potential pitfalls. There is scarcity of studies focusing on myxoid emboli and their clinical and pathologic importance. We performed a retrospective study over 12 years. We retrieved all of the embolectomy specimens. We histologically screened the emboli for myxoid stroma, myxomatous changes, and mucinous degeneration. We retrieved 12 cases (3%) of myxoid emboli out of 391 embolectomy specimens. We found 4 cases of thromboemboli, 5 cases of atrial myxomas, 2 cases of atheromatous plaques, and a myxoid liposarcoma. The age range was between 35 and 71 years, with a mean age of 51 years. The male-to-female ratio was 3:2. Myxoid thromboemboli and myxomas were large, while atheromatous plaque emboli were small. Myxoid emboli arising from organizing mural thrombi can be histologically confused with cardiac myxomas and vice versa. Myxoid emboli from atheromatous plaque and myxoid sarcomas can mimic embolizing myxomas. Certain histologic features are helpful hints to differentiate between myxoid emboli. In doubtful cases, immunohistochemistry is helpful. Correct histologic recognition of the different types of myxoid emboli helps guide the clinicians to the most likely etiology and appropriate management in occlusive peripheral vascular diseases with clinically unrecognized lesions.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Embolism; Female; Heart Atria; Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Liposarcoma, Myxoid; Male; Middle Aged; Myxoma; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Retrospective Studies; Thromboembolism
PubMed: 29623727
DOI: 10.1177/1066896918768029 -
Medicina Clinica May 2022
Topics: Heart Atria; Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Myxoma
PubMed: 35241281
DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2021.12.010