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Thermographic evaluation of occlusal splint and low level laser therapy in myofascial pain syndrome.Complementary Therapies in Medicine Jun 2019The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate the effects of occlusal splint and low dose laser treatments clinically and thermographically in patients with...
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate the effects of occlusal splint and low dose laser treatments clinically and thermographically in patients with myofascial pain syndrome.
METHODS
Twenty patients aged 18-45 with myofascial pain syndrome were involved into this study. Patients were examined by clinically and Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) was used for the diagnosis of TMD. Patients divided into two groups. First group treated with stabilisation splint, while the other one with low level laser therapy (LLLT). Pre- and post-treatment pain intensity, muscle sensitivity and the superficial skin temperature differences over the masseter and anterior temporal muscle were assessed, and comparison was made within and between the groups pre- and post-operatively.
RESULTS
In both groups, there was a significant decrease in temperature values, especially in the masseter region (p < 0.05) and post-treatment pain intensity and muscle sensitivity values were lower than the pre-treatment values (p < 0.05). In addition, the heat values in certain regions of the masseter were lower in the LLLT group than in the splint group and there was a statistical difference in these regions between two groups (p < 0.05). However, there was no statistical difference in the pain intensity and muscle sensitivity between both groups (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
It was concluded that both occlusal splint therapy and low level laser therapy were effective in the treatment of MPS, and when thermographic data were taken into account, LLLT treatments could provide more advantageous results in these patients.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Low-Level Light Therapy; Myofascial Pain Syndromes; Occlusal Splints; Pain Measurement; Thermography; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31126567
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.05.006 -
Australian Dental Journal Dec 2019Obstructive sleep apnoea is a serious medical condition of increasing prevalence that has a multitude of treatment modalities. The aim of this study was to review the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Obstructive sleep apnoea is a serious medical condition of increasing prevalence that has a multitude of treatment modalities. The aim of this study was to review the results of patients treated with mandibular advancement splints in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit of South Australia to inform ongoing practice in this area.
METHODS
The casenotes of patients who received a splint for obstructive sleep apnoea between January 2008 and June 2014 were audited. Data collection included referral and demographic details, sleep study results, splint type and follow-up details.
RESULTS
Three hundred and four patients were identified as having been provided a mandibular advancement splint for obstructive sleep apnoea, of which 82 had diagnostic and splint-in-situ sleep studies available for comparison. It was observed that 27 had clinically significant objective improvement, 40 had no clinically significant change and 15 had clinically worse OSA following MAS therapy. Mean reductions in Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index and Respiratory Disturbance Index were eight events (27%) and 13 events (33%) per hour respectively with treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on this study, mandibular advancement splint therapy is a viable treatment for a subset of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Protocol driven, multi-disciplinary care with auditing of results is recommended.
Topics: Humans; Mandibular Advancement; Occlusal Splints; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Snoring; South Australia; Splints; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31372998
DOI: 10.1111/adj.12712 -
Brazilian Oral Research 2024Occlusal stabilization splints are the most common treatment for controlling the deleterious effects of sleep bruxism. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Occlusal stabilization splints are the most common treatment for controlling the deleterious effects of sleep bruxism. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a low-cost, mixed occlusal splint (MOS) compared to that of a rigid splint. A randomized clinical trial was performed on 43 adults of both sexes with possible sleep bruxism and satisfactory dental conditions. They were divided into rigid occlusal splint (ROS) (n = 23) and MOS (n = 20) groups. Masticatory muscle and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain intensity (visual analog scale), quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF), indentations in the oral mucosa, anxiety, and depression (HADS), number of days of splint use, and splint wear were evaluated. All variables were evaluated at baseline (T0), 6 months (T6), and 12 months (T12) after splint installation (T0), and splint wear was evaluated at T6 and T12. Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, non-parametric Friedman's analysis of variance for paired samples and pairwise multiple comparisons, Pearson's chi-square test, two-proportion z-test, non-parametric McNemar's and Cochran's Q, and Wilcoxon tests were used (p < 0.05). In both groups, there was a decrease in TMJ pain and pain intensity over time and improvements in the quality of life scores. At T6, there was a higher rate of splint wear in the MOS group than in the ROS group (p = 0.023). The MOS showed a higher rate of wear than the rigid splint but had similar results for the other variables. Therefore, the use of a mixed splint appears to be effective in controlling the signs and symptoms of sleep bruxism.
Topics: Adult; Female; Male; Humans; Occlusal Splints; Splints; Quality of Life; Reactive Oxygen Species; Sleep Bruxism
PubMed: 38477803
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2024.vol38.0017 -
Odontology Apr 2020With the development of a digital technology of computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and new age materials, the use of new types of occlusal splint is to consider....
With the development of a digital technology of computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and new age materials, the use of new types of occlusal splint is to consider. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the surface roughness (Ra) and wear behavior of different CAD/CAM materials against enamel antagonist through a simulated chewing test. A total of 75 specimens made from ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and polyethyleneterephthalate (PETG) as a control were polished to evaluate the Ra before loading by optical profilometry and further analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Specimens of each group were subjected to thermomechanical fatigue loading in a chewing simulator (60000 cycles at 49 N with 5-55 °C thermocycling). The wear volume loss and change in Ra of each specimen after the simulated chewing were analyzed. One-way ANOVA, paired samples t test, and Pearson correlation analysis were performed for statistical analyzes. The result showed that the volume loss and Ra varied among the materials tested. EVA exhibited the greatest amount of Ra and volume loss (p < 0.001), while PEEK had the lowest values for both (p < 0.001). In terms of volume loss, there was no significant difference between PC and PMMA (p > 0.05). SEM investigations revealed different wear behaviors, especially in EVA. As PEEK showed significantly more favorable results, PEEK splints should be considered as a new therapeutic option for occlusal splint.
Topics: Materials Testing; Occlusal Splints; Polymers; Polymethyl Methacrylate; Surface Properties
PubMed: 31612354
DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00463-1 -
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Nov 2019The low-cost and reversible treatments concerning disorders of the masticatory muscles represent a vast array of regimens. Common treatments include information,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The low-cost and reversible treatments concerning disorders of the masticatory muscles represent a vast array of regimens. Common treatments include information, stretching exercises, manual therapy, acrylic splints and cognitive behavioural therapy.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the evidence behind the use of self-exercising programmes and occlusal splints in the treatment of myofascial pain.
METHODS
We conducted a thorough search of five databases, using four cardinal search terms in combination with twelve supporting terms. We also assessed the evidence quality, using GRADEpro software.
RESULTS
The search resulted in 4967 individual studies. 18 studies met the inclusion criteria and were re-evaluated.
CONCLUSION
The selected studies were in favour of a self-care or an occlusal splint treatment of myalgia. However, a GRADE assessment showed that 14 of the 18 selected studies had low or very low evidence quality. Studies also showed weaknesses with regard to nomenclature and reproducibility. Hence, it is our professional opinion that the evidence level for prescribing self-exercises and occlusal splints in the treatment of myalgia is low.
Topics: Evidence-Based Medicine; Exercise Therapy; Facial Pain; Humans; Myalgia; Occlusal Splints; Reproducibility of Results; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31286551
DOI: 10.1111/joor.12856 -
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice 2016The aim of this study was to investigate dentist's approaches to the use of splint therapy for myofascial pain, bruxism, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders and...
AIMS
The aim of this study was to investigate dentist's approaches to the use of splint therapy for myofascial pain, bruxism, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders and to assessment of treatment modalities.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A 12-item questionnaire was developed to determine dentists' knowledge of TMJ disorders and approaches for occlusal splint treatments. The researchers spoke with each dentist included in the study at his/her clinic or by telephone to assess their immediate knowledge and approach to the TMJ disorders. Chi-squared test was performed to analyze the values. The confidence interval was set as 95%.
RESULTS
A total of 370 dentists working in Turkey were participated in this study. The most common splint application reason for occlusal splint treatment was bruxism (77.8%) while TMJ pain was very rare (%1.4). The use of hard splint ratios for 0-5 years of professional experience was 57.0%, 42.4.0%, and 26.8% for the experience of 5-15 years and over 15 years groups, respectively (P < 0.001). While the dentists' with sufficient knowledge soft splint application rates were 11.6%, hard splint application rates were 43.4% for the dentists with sufficient knowledge. Occlusion adjustment rate of dentists who practice in all three groups was under 16.0%.
CONCLUSIONS
The knowledge of the dentists about TMJ disorders and occlusal splint therapy were found to be insufficient. Their knowledge decreased with increasing experience.
Topics: Adult; Bruxism; Chi-Square Distribution; Dentists; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Occlusal Splints; Practice Patterns, Dentists'; Surveys and Questionnaires; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome; Turkey; Young Adult
PubMed: 27251967
DOI: 10.4103/1119-3077.183310 -
Folia Medica Cracoviensia Apr 2023Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a disease of multifactorial etiology and a complex of symptoms, related to disorders of the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular... (Review)
Review
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a disease of multifactorial etiology and a complex of symptoms, related to disorders of the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joints and the surrounding orofacial structures. One of the main problems in the course of TMD disorders is the systematic increase in the tension of the masticatory muscles (masseter muscles, temporalis and medial and lateral pterygoid muscles), what is the cause of many damages and the development of pathological conditions in the stomatognathic system. The article discusses the differences in the structure of the masticatory and skeletal muscles, as well as the different nature and isoforms of myosin, which determines the much faster generation of contraction in the masticatory muscles and consequently easier generation of excessive, harmful tensions in the masticatory muscles. The article describes the causes of increased tension in the masticatory muscles and methods of their relaxation used in the basic and supportive treatment of temporomandibular disorders. The use of occlusal splints, physiotherapeutic procedures and TMD treatment with botulinum toxin type A were characterized. A role of psychological support and the methods used for patients with TMD were emphasized.
Topics: Humans; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Masticatory Muscles; Masseter Muscle; Temporomandibular Joint; Occlusal Splints
PubMed: 37406276
DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2023.145429 -
Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society 2021Contradicting evidence regarding the effects of occlusal splint therapy in the management of Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and promising results shown by muscle... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Contradicting evidence regarding the effects of occlusal splint therapy in the management of Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and promising results shown by muscle energy technique.
AIM
To determine and compare the effects of occlusal splint therapy, muscle energy technique, and combined treatment with education for self-management and counseling in the management of TMD.
STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGS
Randomized clinical trial.
METHODOLOGY
A total of 160 participants diagnosed with TMD according to Diagnostic Criteria/TMD axis I were randomly allocated into four treatment groups with equal allocation ratio using random numbers table. The main inclusion criteria were the presence of pain in the preauricular area, TMJ and/or muscles of mastication and maximum mouth opening <40 mm. Group A participants received muscle energy technique, Group B participants received occlusal splint therapy, Group C participants received combined treatment, and Group D participants received education for self-management and counseling (control). Control group treatment was provided to all the trial participants.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Intragroup comparison was made using Friedman test and Wilcoxon test while intergroup comparison was done using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test.
RESULTS
Intensity of pain on a visual analog scale and maximum mouth opening were measured at baseline, at 1 week, at 2 weeks, at 1 month, and after 3 months.
CONCLUSION
Muscle energy technique, occlusal splint therapy and combined treatment significantly reduce pain compared to controls and muscle energy and combined treatment are superior to other groups for mouth opening improvements in patients with TMD.
Topics: Humans; Muscles; Occlusal Splints; Pain Measurement; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34810363
DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_332_21 -
Biomedical Journal Jun 2021Previous computer-generated splints were designed and produced without modification than the traditional occlusal splints, which did not facilitate surgeon's...
BACKGROUND
Previous computer-generated splints were designed and produced without modification than the traditional occlusal splints, which did not facilitate surgeon's intraoperative judgment in the single-splint two-jaw orthognathic surgery. Modifications of the digital occlusal splint can be achieved using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) software. This study reported the design, clinical application and validation of a novel CAD/CAM occlusal splint.
METHODS
The maxillary and mandibular segments were fixed into the final occlusal splint and moved to the planned position according to the 3-dimensional simulation. The composite occlusal splint has 4 orthogonal bars to facilitate intraoperative assessment of the dental and skeletal midline, facial soft tissue midline, occlusal plane, upper tooth show, facial symmetry and facial bone position. To validate the surgical outcome, 5 parameters including pitch, roll and yaw rotations, midline deviation and chin position were measured on the virtual plan and the postoperative cone-beam computed tomography images to quantify the difference.
RESULTS
The results showed no significant differences in the 5 parameters between the simulation and postoperative images. The root-mean-square difference between the conventional splints and CAD/CAM surgical splint ranged from 0.18 to 0.31 mm by superimposition of the two image models. All patients were satisfied with the treatment outcomes. Overall, this novel occlusal splint is ideal for verification of the maxillomandibular position during surgery.
CONCLUSION
The novel composite occlusal splint provided useful and informative check to verify the maxillomandibular complex (MMC) position and facial appearance in single-splint two-jaw orthognathic surgery.
Topics: Computer-Aided Design; Humans; Mandible; Occlusal Splints; Orthognathic Surgery; Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; Splints
PubMed: 34144940
DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.03.004 -
General Dentistry 2016Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) represent a broad spectrum of conditions associated with the temporomandibular joints and the neuromuscular system. Evidence-based... (Review)
Review
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) represent a broad spectrum of conditions associated with the temporomandibular joints and the neuromuscular system. Evidence-based diagnostic criteria for various TMDs are emerging, while corresponding treatment procedures remain less clear. As a result, the clinician may be uncertain how to best care for TMD patients. The objectives of this evidence-based review were to outline the various types of occlusal devices, assess the efficacy of occlusal splints in treating TMD patients, and create a treatment rubric based on diagnostic criteria and condition severity. A select literature review as to the effectiveness and efficacy of occlusal device TMD therapy revealed that stabilization splint intervention and control treatments had a positive effect in reducing TMD-related symptoms; minimal statistically significant differences were noted between intervention and control treatments. Stabilization splints are effective as a reversible treatment for patients with TMD. Other therapies and occlusal devices may be beneficial when used for a specific TMD diagnostic protocol. A treatment rubric based on diagnostic criteria and condition severity may assist the clinician.
Topics: Humans; Occlusal Splints; Orthodontic Appliances; Orthodontic Appliances, Removable; Orthodontic Retainers; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
PubMed: 27814253
DOI: No ID Found