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Cranio : the Journal of... Jul 2020The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an occlusal splint on body posture of intra-articular temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders patients. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an occlusal splint on body posture of intra-articular temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders patients.
METHODS
The study was performed on 45 women affected by TMJ disorders divided into an occlusal splint group and a control group. Rasterstereographic recordings were performed at baseline and after 1, 3, and 6 months, in order to analyze the following postural parameters: trunk inclination, cervical and lumbar arrows, kyphotic and lordotic angles, trunk imbalance, pelvic tilt and torsion.
RESULTS
Regarding the postural parameters in the intragroup analysis, no significant differences were detected. The analysis between the two groups revealed significant differences concerning the cervical arrow, the kyphotic and lordotic angles.
DISCUSSION
Even if some differences were found between the control and the occlusal splint group, the low range of statistical significance made these results not significant from a clinical point of view.
Topics: Female; Humans; Lordosis; Occlusal Splints; Posture; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
PubMed: 30215301
DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2018.1511265 -
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of... Dec 2021The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the mechanical properties of five commercially available subtractive computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing...
AIM
The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the mechanical properties of five commercially available subtractive computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) milled splint materials, as well as to compare them with conventional heat-polymerized and autopolymerizing resins used in the construction of conventional splints.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Five CAD-CAM milled (ProArt CAD Splint, Therapon Transpa, Temp Premium Flexible Transpa, Cast, and Aqua), one autopolymerizing (Palapress), and one heat-polymerized (Paladon 65) resin materials were evaluated. Flexural strength, E-modulus, Vickers hardness, fracture toughness, fracture work, water sorption, and water solubility were measured. Samples were evaluated after dry and water storage for 30 days at 37 °C. Data were collected and statistically analyzed.
RESULTS
Under both storage circumstances, the flexural strength values of Paladon 65, Therapon Transpa, Temp Premium Flexible Transpa, and Aqua were statistically non-significant (P=0.055). The polycarbonate-based CAD-CAM material Temp Premium Flexible Transpa had the highest statistically significant values of the fracture toughness and fracture work (P<0.001). Moreover, it exhibited the lowest percentages of water sorption and water solubility among the investigated materials (P<0.001). All of the CAD-CAM materials exhibited dry elastic moduli greater than Palapress and lower than Paladon 65. One of the CAD-CAM materials, Cast, had the highest dry Vickers hardness value, which was non-significant when compared to Therapon Transpa (P=0.762).
CONCLUSION
CAD-CAM polycarbonate-based splint materials exhibit higher fracture toughness and fracture work as well as lower water sorption and solubility than polymethyl methacrylate-based ones. The mechanical characteristics of the assessed CAD-CAM milled splint materials were not typically superior to those of the conventional heat-polymerized resin. However, some of them outperformed the autopolymerizing acrylic resin in terms of flexural strength, surface microhardness, water sorption, and water solubility.
Topics: Computer-Aided Design; Dental Materials; Flexural Strength; Materials Testing; Occlusal Splints; Polymethyl Methacrylate; Surface Properties
PubMed: 34530298
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104813 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Aug 2023To evaluate the short-term effects of hard and soft splints of different thicknesses on maximum bite force (MBF) and sleep quality (SQ) in participants with sleep... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Short-term effect of material type and thickness of occlusal splints on maximum bite force and sleep quality in patients with sleep bruxism: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the short-term effects of hard and soft splints of different thicknesses on maximum bite force (MBF) and sleep quality (SQ) in participants with sleep bruxism (SB).
METHODS
One-hundred-fifteen patients were randomly allocated to five groups: Groups H2(Hard splint-2 mm), H3(Hard splint-3 mm), S2(Soft splint-2 mm), S3(Soft splint-3 mm), and C (control). Outcomes were MBF (assessed with a digital gnathodynamometer) and SQ (assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). Measurements were performed at T0 (before the splints), T1 (1-month follow-up), and T2 (2-months follow-up). Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA), Tukey's HSD, and chi-square tests (alpha = 0.05).
RESULTS
At T1, the highest MBF values were observed in group H3 (658.01 ± 22.6 N), while the lowest in group S2 (585.45 ± 8.68 N). For T2, the highest values were obtained in H3 group (676.85 ± 21.9 N), and the lowest in group S2 (565.65 ± 10.9 N) (p < 0.05).For SQ, groups S2 and S3 revealed the lowest PSQI values at T1 (9.1; 9.6) and T2 (9; 9.5) (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
The short-term use of both 2 and 3-mm thick soft splints resulted in a decrease in MBF. Improvement in SQ in patients using soft splints was observed in the 1st month and was maintained in the 2nd month.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This study provides insights on short-term clinical effects as regards to increased sleep quality and regulated maximum bite force as a function of splint material type and the thickness of the splint.
Topics: Humans; Sleep Bruxism; Occlusal Splints; Bite Force; Sleep Quality; Splints; Bruxism
PubMed: 37127807
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05049-4 -
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2022There is still a gap in the scientific knowledge on the linkage between craniofacial structure and spinal postural control in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients.... (Review)
Review
There is still a gap in the scientific knowledge on the linkage between craniofacial structure and spinal postural control in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients. This systematic review aimed to assess the role of occlusal splints on spinal posture of TMD patients. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were systematically searched from inception until 5 January 2022 to identify observational studies with a longitudinal study design presenting: patients with diagnosis of TMD according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD); occlusal splint therapy as intervention; postural assessment as outcome. Out of 133 records identified, 104 were suitable for data screening, and only 7 articles were included satisfying the eligibility criteria. We found that occlusal splints might have a positive effect on posture in TMD patients, albeit there is little evidence of appropriate investigation for postural assessment. This systematic review suggested that the occlusal splint might be considered a non-invasive therapeutic approach for patients with TMD. However, the low number of studies with high-quality methodology in these patients showed an urgent need for further research using combined force platform stabilometry and kinematic evaluation of the spine to investigate the impact of occlusal splints on posture.
PubMed: 35455916
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10040739 -
General Dentistry 2015The etiology of bruxism is associated with exogenous factors, such as occlusal interference, stress, and anxiety, as well as endogenous factors involving... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
The etiology of bruxism is associated with exogenous factors, such as occlusal interference, stress, and anxiety, as well as endogenous factors involving neurotransmitters of the basal ganglia. Due to the multifactorial etiology of bruxism, interdisciplinary treatment involving professionals from different healthcare fields has been proposed. The aim of the present study was to compare 2 groups of patients with bruxism (11 in each group) treated with either an occlusal splint combined with cognitive behavioral therapy or an occlusal splint alone. Surface electromyography of the masseter and anterior temporal muscles at rest was performed before and after treatment. The mean amplitude of activity of all muscles was lower after treatment, except for the right anterior temporal muscle in the group treated with an occlusal splint alone. Mean amplitudes were greater in the anterior temporal muscles than in the masseter muscles. Significantly greater improvement was found in the group exposed to cognitive behavioral therapy (P < 0.05; analysis of variance and Student t tests). Therefore, the combination of occlusal splint and psychological therapy was more effective at achieving muscle relaxation than occlusal splint use alone.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bruxism; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Middle Aged; Occlusal Splints; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 26325649
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal... 2019To evaluate the efficacy of Kinesio taping (KT) in patients with sleep bruxism (SB) and to determine whether KT may be an alternative for occlusal splint (OS) for the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the efficacy of Kinesio taping (KT) in patients with sleep bruxism (SB) and to determine whether KT may be an alternative for occlusal splint (OS) for the treatment of SB.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sixteen patients with SB were treated with KT (kinesio group) and 18 patients were treated with OS (splint group). Masseter and temporal muscle pressure pain thresholds (MPPT and TPPT), visual analogue scale (VAS) values and mouth opening measurements of patients were compared before treatment, and at the 1st and 5th weeks of treatment.
RESULTS
Both KT and OS treatments significantly reduced muscle pain, decreased VAS values, and increased mouth opening measurements. No statistically significant difference was found between the kinesio and splint groups in terms of MPPT, TPPT, VAS and mouth opening values before treatment and at the 1st and 5th weeks of treatment except for TPPT values at 1st week of treatment where the TPPT values of the kinesio group were significantly higher than the splint group (p< 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
KT was identified as an easy-to-use treatment method for bruxism and was found to reduce muscle pain and increase mouth opening. KT is at least as effective as OS for the treatment of SB.
Topics: Adult; Athletic Tape; Female; Humans; Male; Myofascial Pain Syndromes; Occlusal Splints; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Sleep Bruxism; Treatment Outcome; Visual Analog Scale; Young Adult
PubMed: 30475753
DOI: 10.3233/BMR-181329 -
BMC Oral Health Nov 2022To evaluate the effect of hard stabilization splints (HSS), counselling and exercise therapies, respectively, for the painful temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in...
Effects of occlusal splint and exercise therapy, respectively, for the painful temporomandibular disorder in patients seeking for orthodontic treatment: a retrospective study.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of hard stabilization splints (HSS), counselling and exercise therapies, respectively, for the painful temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in patients seeking for orthodontic treatment through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical examination.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eighty-seven TMD patients were divided into two groups according to their therapies: the HSS group (n = 43) comprising of patients treated with HSS, counselling and masticatory muscle exercises; the control group (n = 44) comprising of patients treated with counselling and masticatory muscle exercises alone. All patients had orthodontic therapies after the first treatment phase. The joint pain and clicking of all patients were recorded via clinical examination. MRIs of HSS groups were taken before (T), after the first phase (T), and after the orthodontic treatment (T). Parameters indicating the condyles and articular discs were evaluated. Clinical symptom (pain and clicking) changes among T, T and T time point were detected in the two groups respectively. The significant differences between HSS and control groups, as well as between male and female were tested at T and T. Position changes of condyles and discs in HSS group among T, T and T were detected in male and female respectively.
RESULTS
After the first treatment phase, there was no difference in the decrease of facial pain between the two group, as well as between male and female in the two groups (P > 0.05). Clicking decreasing was not statistically significant. After the whole orthodontic periods, the TMJ pain relapsed in female of the control group, and the number of female's pain joints was more than male's (P < 0.05). In the HSS group, the posterosuperior movements of discs and the anteroposterior movements of condyles were recorded in closing position (P < 0.05). After the whole orthodontic periods, female's disc-condyle angles increased, the discs to HRP distance decreased and condyles to VRP distance increased when compared with the data of T (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
For the orthodontic patients with painful TMD, HSS combined with counselling and exercise therapies before orthodontic treatment could provide pain relief. HSS is helpful to improve the position and relation of discs and condyles. In addition, male's prognosis is better than female's in terms of stability.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Occlusal Splints; Retrospective Studies; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Facial Pain; Exercise Therapy
PubMed: 36424568
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02538-y -
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics... Nov 2014The ability of surgeons to use advanced techniques can significantly improve both surgical outcome and patient satisfaction. Surgical evolution in mandibular... (Review)
Review
The ability of surgeons to use advanced techniques can significantly improve both surgical outcome and patient satisfaction. Surgical evolution in mandibular orthognathic surgery is no exception, because advancements have aided both surgical planning and technique. It is important for clinicians to be aware of the historical progression of improvements in this technique and appreciate the technologic advancements as they are happening. Computer-driven surgical planning is becoming increasingly popular, providing surgeons and patients with the ability to adjust to intraoperative and postoperative variations. By using these capabilities, clinicians are now able to give patients the best possible outcomes.
Topics: Computer-Aided Design; Craniofacial Abnormalities; Humans; Mandibular Diseases; Occlusal Splints; Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; Osteogenesis, Distraction; Patient Care Planning; Surgery, Computer-Assisted; Suture Anchors
PubMed: 25438881
DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2014.08.004 -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... Oct 2023To evaluate and compare the mechanical properties, water sorption, water solubility, and degree of double bond conversion of three different commercially available...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate and compare the mechanical properties, water sorption, water solubility, and degree of double bond conversion of three different commercially available three-dimensional (3D) printing resins used for the fabrication of flexible occlusal splints.
METHODS
A digital printer was used to generate specimens from the evaluated splint materials (KeySplint Soft, IMPRIMO LC Splint flex, and V-Print splint comfort). The specimens were equally divided and tested either dry or after water storage at 37 °C for 30 days. A three-point bending test was used to assess flexural strength, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness. A two-body wear test was performed using a dual-axis chewing simulator. Water sorption and water solubility were measured after 30 days. The degree of double bond conversion was determined by FTIR-spectrometry. All data for the evaluated properties were collected and statistically analyzed.
RESULTS
Both material and storage conditions had a significant effect on the flexural strength (P < 0.001), elastic modulus (P < 0.001), fracture toughness (P < 0.001), and wear (P < 0.001). The highest water sorption was noticed with IMPRIMO LC Splint flex (1.9 ± 0.0 %), while V-Print splint comfort displayed the lowest water solubility (0.2 ± 0.0 %). For the degree of conversion, it was statistically non-significant among the different materials (P = 0.087).
SIGNIFICANCE
Different flexible 3D-printed splints available in the market displayed variations in the evaluated properties and clinicians should consider these differences when choosing occlusal device materials. Among the tested flexible splint materials, KeySplint Soft had the greatest flexural strength, elastic modulus, fracture toughness, wear resistance, and degree of conversion. It also showed the lowest water sorption.
Topics: Occlusal Splints; Research Design; Elastic Modulus; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Water
PubMed: 37666693
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.08.178 -
Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi =... Dec 2020To established a digital workflow for stabilization occlusal splint with computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) methods. Two subjects were...
To established a digital workflow for stabilization occlusal splint with computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) methods. Two subjects were enrolled from April 2019 to May 2019 from Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (one male, 25 years old; one female, 24 years old). The working models of the participants' dentition were made. Two stabilization occlusal splints were manufactured for each participant using digital workflow and conventional workflow. With the digital workflow, the three-dimensional (3D) scanning of the cast, recording of the digital personalized mandibular movements and condyle trajectory, and the design and the 3D printing for the fabrication of the final appliance using CAD/CAM technologies were performed. With conventional workflow, conventional technologies were adopted based on requirements and experiment of designing and manufacturing of stabilization splint. During try-in, a checklist was built to compare the clinical performance of the two workflows. The digital workflow of the stabilization occlusal splint was built successfully. The total score of clinical primary evaluation by the two subjects were 26 and 26 for digital workflow splints, and 25 and 23 for conventional workflow splints. Digital stabilization occlusal splint workflow is feasible.
Topics: Adult; China; Computer-Aided Design; Female; Humans; Male; Mandible; Occlusal Splints; Workflow; Young Adult
PubMed: 33280364
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20200629-00381