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Phytopathology Nov 2021Alfalfa root rot caused by is one of the most important soilborne diseases, resulting in significant losses to alfalfa agriculture worldwide. Fungicides used in...
Alfalfa root rot caused by is one of the most important soilborne diseases, resulting in significant losses to alfalfa agriculture worldwide. Fungicides used in management of the disease affect the environment and human health. In this study, a strain of (I-5), isolated from alfalfa rhizosphere soil, exhibited strong antifungal activity against a number of causative pathogens of alfalfa root rot and showed the strongest antagonistic activity against (a longest radius/shortest radius ratio of 3.09). When applied at 10%, a filtrate of the strain liquid culture significantly reduced the spore production and germination and mycelial growth of , and the inhibition rates were 76.67, 78.93, and 55.77%, respectively. Furthermore, a filtrate and suspension of the strain, when applied at 10%, reduced alfalfa root rot by >73% in repeated experiments. The strain clearly promoted the activities of invertase, urease, cellulose, and neutral phosphatase in alfalfa rhizosphere soil and significantly reduced the damage to rhizosphere soil quality attributable to alfalfa root rot. Moreover, the strain clearly promoted the growth of alfalfa without causing any evident damage to plants. The active substance produced by the strain was insensitive to heat and ultraviolet irradiation and displayed optimal efficacy at pH 8. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study describing the use of for the biological control of alfalfa root rot. (I-5) has potential for application in the control of alfalfa root rot and improvement of the quality of cultivated alfalfa.
Topics: Biological Control Agents; Fusarium; Medicago sativa; Ochrobactrum; Plant Diseases
PubMed: 33851861
DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-12-20-0549-R -
Chemosphere Jul 2022The harmful effects of textile wastewater irrigation practices on the crop productivity and soil nutrient levels are primarily related with the accumulation of...
The harmful effects of textile wastewater irrigation practices on the crop productivity and soil nutrient levels are primarily related with the accumulation of recalcitrant azo dyes in the soil. Therefore, toxicity assessment of the textile waste contaminated soil along with the development of a powerful soil bioremediation strategy is a challenging task for the researchers. Present study aimed to evaluate potential toxicity of the textile wastewater irrigated soil collected from Panki industrial site 5, Kanpur, India employing Ames Salmonella/mammalian microsome test, Escherichia coli DNA repair defective mutation assay and Allium cepa chromosomal aberration assay. The results of the Ames test and DNA repair defective mutation test showed that all the organic extracts of the contaminated soil samples induced different degrees of DNA damage, indicating the existence of mutagenicity and genotoxicity. Additionally, in A. cepa root cells, the contaminated soil altered mitotic index and caused chromosomal abnormalities. Results of the study demonstrated potential health risks related with the irrigation of textile wastewater. Keeping in view of the above scenario, the study led to the isolation and characterization of a novel indigenous bacterium capable of tolerating very high concentration of reactive black 5 dye (500 μg-mL) and salt (20 gL) with concurrently high efficiency of the dye degradation i.e., 93% decolorization at temperature of 37 °C and in pH range of 5-9. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the bacterium was identified as Ochrobactrum intermedium. Further, dye degradation products were identified as sodium-2-hydrosulfonylethyl sulphate and sodium-3-aminonaphthalene-2-sulfonate by Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry; and this isolate can be exploited for bioremediation of textile waste contaminated soils.
Topics: Animals; Azo Compounds; Bacteria; Biodegradation, Environmental; Coloring Agents; DNA Damage; Industrial Waste; Mammals; Ochrobactrum; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sodium; Soil; Textile Industry; Textiles; Wastewater
PubMed: 35218787
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134082 -
Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology Oct 2016Oxalate oxidase (EC 1.2.3.4) catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of oxalate to carbon dioxide with the reduction of molecular oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. Oxalate oxidase...
Oxalate oxidase (EC 1.2.3.4) catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of oxalate to carbon dioxide with the reduction of molecular oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. Oxalate oxidase found its application in clinical assay for oxalate in blood and urine. This study describes the purification and biochemical characterization of an oxalate oxidase produced from an endophytic bacterium, Ochrobactrum intermedium CL6. The cell-free fermentation broth was subjected to two-step enzyme purification, which resulted in a 58.74-fold purification with 83% recovery. Specific activity of the final purified enzyme was 26.78 U mg(-1) protein. The enzyme displayed an optimum pH and temperature of 3.8 and 80°C, respectively, and high stability at 4-80°C for 6 h. The enzymatic activity was not influenced by metal ions and chemical agents (K(+), Na(+), Zn(2+), Fe(3+), Mn(2+), Mg(2+), glucose, urea, lactate) commonly found in serum and urine, with Cu(2+) being the exception. The enzyme appears to be a metalloprotein stimulated by Ca(2+) and Fe(2+). Its Km and Kcat for oxalate were found to be 0.45 mM and 85 s(-1), respectively. This enzyme is the only known oxalate oxidase which did not show substrate inhibition up to a substrate concentration of 50 mM. Thermostability, kinetic properties, and the absence of substrate inhibition make this enzyme an ideal candidate for clinical applications.
Topics: Cell-Free System; Enzyme Stability; Fermentation; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Metals; Molecular Weight; Ochrobactrum; Oxidoreductases; Temperature
PubMed: 26796139
DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2015.1135458 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2017The Plackett-Burman design and the Box-Behnken design, statistical methodologies, were employed for the optimization lipase and biosurfactant production by strain...
The Plackett-Burman design and the Box-Behnken design, statistical methodologies, were employed for the optimization lipase and biosurfactant production by strain MZV101 in an identical broth medium for detergent applications. Environmental factor pH determined to be most mutual significant variables on production. A high concentration of molasses at high temperature and pH has a negative effect on lipase and biosurfactant production by strain MZV101. The chosen mathematical method of medium optimization was sufficient for improving the industrial production of lipase and biosurfactant by bacteria, which were respectively increased 3.46- and 1.89-fold. The duration of maximum production became 24 h shorter, so it was fast and cost-saving. In conclusion, lipase and biosurfactant production by strain MZV101 in an identical culture medium at pH 10.5-11 and 50-60 °C, with 1 g/L of molasses, seemed to be economical, fast, and effective for the enhancement of yield percentage for use in detergent applications.
Topics: Culture Media; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Fermentation; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Industrial Microbiology; Lipase; Molasses; Ochrobactrum; Surface-Active Agents; Temperature
PubMed: 28891975
DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091460 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2017and are closely related bacteria that populate different habitats and differ in their pathogenic properties. Only little is known about mobile genetic elements in...
and are closely related bacteria that populate different habitats and differ in their pathogenic properties. Only little is known about mobile genetic elements in these genera which might be important for survival and virulence. Previous studies on lysogeny indicated that active phages are rare in this genus. To gain insight into the presence and nature of prophages in , temperate phages were isolated from various species and characterized in detail. analyses disclosed numerous prophages in published genomes. Induction experiments showed that prophages can be induced by various stress factors and that some strains released phage particles even under non-induced conditions. Sixty percent of lysates prepared from 125 strains revealed lytic activity. The host range and DNA similarities of 19 phages belonging to the families , or were determined suggesting that they are highly diverse. Some phages showed relationship to the temperate phage BiPB01. The genomic sequences of the myovirus POA1180 (41,655 bp) and podovirus POI1126 (60,065 bp) were analyzed. Phage POA1180 is very similar to a prophage recently identified in a strain isolated from an exotic frog. The POA1180 genome contains genes which may confer resistance to chromate and the ability to take up sulfate. Phage POI1126 is related to podoviruses of (PCB5), (Pep14), and (BcepIL02) and almost identical to an unnamed plasmid of the strain LMG 3301. Further experiments revealed that the POI1126 prophage indeed replicates as an extrachromosomal element. The data demonstrate for the first time that active prophages are common in and suggest that atypical brucellae also may be a reservoir for temperate phages.
PubMed: 28713341
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01207 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complex is considered the major receptor of the innate immune system to recognize...
The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complex is considered the major receptor of the innate immune system to recognize lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). However, some atypical LPSs with different lipid A and core saccharide moiety structures and compositions than the well-studied enterobacterial LPSs can induce a TLR2-dependent response in innate immune cells. , an opportunistic pathogen, presents an atypical LPS. In this study, we found that LPS exhibits a weak inflammatory activity compared to LPS and, more importantly, is a specific TLR4/TLR2 agonist, able to signal through both receptors. Molecular docking analysis of LPS predicts a favorable formation of a TLR2/TLR4/MD-2 heterodimer complex, which was experimentally confirmed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in cells. Interestingly, the core saccharide plays an important role in this interaction. This study reveals for the first time TLR4/TLR2 heterodimerization that is induced by atypical LPS and may help to escape from recognition by the innate immune system.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Endotoxins; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Inflammation; Lipid A; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Molecular Docking Simulation; Toll-Like Receptor 2; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Mice
PubMed: 35140704
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.748303 -
3 Biotech Jun 2023The increase in the generation of chicken feathers, due to the large production of the poultry industry, has created the need to search for ecologically safer ways to...
The increase in the generation of chicken feathers, due to the large production of the poultry industry, has created the need to search for ecologically safer ways to manage these residues. As a sustainable alternative for recycling keratin waste, we investigated the ability of the bacterium to hydrolyze chicken feathers and the valorization of the resulting enzymes and protein hydrolysate. In submerged fermentation with three different inoculum sizes (2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg of bacterial cells per 50 mL of medium), the fastest degradation of feathers was achieved with 5.0 mg cells, in which a complete decomposition of the substrate (96 h) and earlier peaks of keratinolytic and caseinolytic activities were detected. In the resulting protein hydrolysate, we noticed antioxidant and Fe and Cu chelating activities. ABTS scavenging, Fe-reducing ability and metal chelating activities of the fermentative samples followed the same trend of feather degradation; as feather mass decreased in the media, these activities increased. Furthermore, we noticed about 47% and 60% dispersion of established 7-day biofilms formed by after enzymatic treatment for 5 h and 24 h, respectively. These findings highlight the potential use of this bacterium as an environmentally friendly alternative to treat this poultry waste and offer valuable products.
PubMed: 37220603
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03619-7 -
Journal of Zhejiang University.... Oct 2015In this study, we isolated an environmental clone of Ochrobactrum intermedium, strain 2745-2, from the formation water of Changqing oilfield in Shanxi, China, which can... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Isolation and characterization of a crude oil degrading bacteria from formation water: comparative genomic analysis of environmental Ochrobactrum intermedium isolate versus clinical strains.
In this study, we isolated an environmental clone of Ochrobactrum intermedium, strain 2745-2, from the formation water of Changqing oilfield in Shanxi, China, which can degrade crude oil. Strain 2745-2 is aerobic and rod-shaped with optimum growth at 42 °C and pH 5.5. We sequenced the genome and found a single chromosome of 4 800 175 bp, with a G+C content of 57.63%. Sixty RNAs and 4737 protein-coding genes were identified: many of the genes are responsible for the degradation, emulsification, and metabolizing of crude oil. A comparative genomic analysis with related clinical strains (M86, 229E, and LMG3301(T)) showed that genes involved in virulence, disease, defense, phages, prophages, transposable elements, plasmids, and antibiotic resistance are also present in strain 2745-2.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Ochrobactrum; Petroleum; Species Specificity; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 26465134
DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B1500029 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Dec 2021Ochrobactrum spp. are non-fermenting, Gram-negative bacilli that are regarded as emerging human pathogens of low virulence that can cause infections. The first...
BACKGROUND
Ochrobactrum spp. are non-fermenting, Gram-negative bacilli that are regarded as emerging human pathogens of low virulence that can cause infections. The first identified case of Ochrobactrum intermedium was reported in 1998 in a liver transplantation patient with liver abcess. There are no reports of infections in pediatric patients. Here, we report the first case of O. intermedium bacteremia in a pediatric patient.
CASE PRESENTATION
A two and a half years old male was admitted with fever, chills and nausea. He had been diagnosed as pineoblastoma and underwent surgical resection and chemotherapy. O. intermedium was isolated from his blood cultures and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), however, the Vitek II automated system failed to identify the organism. Then the pathogen was confirmed by 16S rDNA sequencing and average nucleotide identity result (ANI) confirmed the precise identification of O. intermedium at genomic level. In addition, the patient recovered well after antibiotic combined therapy.
CONCLUSIONS
This, to our knowledge, is the first case of O. intermedium bacteremia in a pediatric patient with malignant tumor. Traditional biochemical identification methods such as API 20NE or VITEK2 system cannot differentiate O. anthropi and O. intermedium. MALDI-TOF may be a promising tool for rapid identification of microorganisms such as O. intermedium.
Topics: Bacteremia; Child, Preschool; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Ochrobactrum
PubMed: 34906070
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06938-3 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2023Digital dermatitis (DD) is the second most prevalent disease in dairy cattle. It causes significant losses for dairy breeders and negatively impacts cows' welfare and...
Digital dermatitis (DD) is the second most prevalent disease in dairy cattle. It causes significant losses for dairy breeders and negatively impacts cows' welfare and milk yield. Despite this, its etiology has not been entirely identified, and available data are limited. Antibiotic therapy is a practical method for managing animal health, but overuse has caused the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, leading to a loss in antimicrobial efficacy. The antimicrobial properties of metal nanoparticles (NPs) may be a potential alternative to antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine the biocidal properties of AgNPs, CuNPs, AuNPs, PtNPs, FeNPs, and their nanocomposites against pathogens isolated from cows suffering from hoof diseases, especially DD. The isolated pathogens included , I, II, , and . Cultures were prepared in aerobic and anaerobic environments. The viability of the pathogens was then determined after applying nanoparticles at various concentrations. The in vitro experiment showed that AgNPs and CuNPs, and their complexes, had the highest biocidal effect on pathogens. The NPs' biocidal properties and their synergistic effects were confirmed, which may forecast their use in the future treatment and the prevention of lameness in cows, especially DD.
Topics: Female; Cattle; Animals; Digital Dermatitis; Lameness, Animal; Gold; Metal Nanoparticles; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle Diseases; Dairying
PubMed: 37047119
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076146