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ACS Nano Feb 2023Treatment of cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR)-induced brain injury remains a challenging issue without viable therapeutic options. Octanoic acid...
A Nanotherapy of Octanoic Acid Ameliorates Cardiac Arrest/Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation-Induced Brain Injury RVG29- and Neutrophil Membrane-Mediated Injury Relay Targeting.
Treatment of cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR)-induced brain injury remains a challenging issue without viable therapeutic options. Octanoic acid (OA), a lipid oil that is mainly metabolized in the astrocytes of the brain, is a promising treatment for this type of injury owing to its potential functions against oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, and ability to stabilize mitochondria. However, the application of OA is strictly limited by its short half-life and low available concentration in the target organ. Herein, based on our previous research, an OA-based nanotherapy coated with a neutrophil membrane highly expressing RVG29, RVG29-H-NP, was successfully constructed by computer simulation-guided supramolecular assembly of polyethylenimine and OA. The and experiments showed that RVG29-H-NP could target and be distributed in the injured brain focus the relay-targeted delivery mediated by RVG29-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration and neutrophil membrane protein-induced BBB binding and injury targeting. This results in enhancements of the antioxidant, antiapoptotic, mitochondrial stability-promoting and anti-inflammatory effects of OA and exhibited systematic alleviation of astrocyte injury, neuronal damage, and inflammatory response in the brain. Due to their systematic intervention in multiple pathological processes, RVG29-H-NP significantly increased the 24 h survival rate of CA/CPR model rats from 40% to 100% and significantly improved their neurological functions. Thus, RVG29-H-NP are expected to be a promising therapeutic for the treatment of CA/CPR-induced brain injury.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Computer Simulation; Neutrophils; Heart Arrest; Brain; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Brain Injuries; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 36758159
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09931 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022This study aims to investigate six food additives (octanoic acid, decanoic acid, acesulfame K, aspartame, saccharin, and sucralose) used in foods for the elderly or...
This study aims to investigate six food additives (octanoic acid, decanoic acid, acesulfame K, aspartame, saccharin, and sucralose) used in foods for the elderly or people with dysphagia because of the effect of these food additives on (), which is a keystone pathogen of periodontal diseases. The growth of was inhibited by 5 mM octanoic acid, 1.25 mM decanoic acid, 1.25% acesulfame K, 0.0625% aspartame, 0.03125% saccharin, and 0.625% sucralose. In addition, these food additives showed bactericidal activity for planktonic (5 mM octanoic acid, 5 mM decanoic acid, 0.25% aspartame, 0.25% saccharin, and 5% sucralose). Moreover, biofilm formation was inhibited by 10 mM octanoic acid, 10 mM decanoic acid, 10% acesulfame K, 0.35% aspartame, 0.5% saccharin, and 7.5% sucralose. Moreover, the same concentration of these food additives without aspartame killed in the biofilm. Aspartame and sucralose did not show cytotoxicity to human cell lines at concentrations that affected These findings may be useful in clarifying the effects of food additives on periodontopathogenic bacteria.
PubMed: 35056013
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010065 -
G3 (Bethesda, Md.) Jan 2022Drosophila sechellia is a dietary specialist endemic to the Seychelles islands that has evolved to consume the fruit of Morinda citrifolia. When ripe, the fruit of M....
Drosophila sechellia is a dietary specialist endemic to the Seychelles islands that has evolved to consume the fruit of Morinda citrifolia. When ripe, the fruit of M. citrifolia contains octanoic acid and hexanoic acid, two medium-chain fatty acid volatiles that deter and are toxic to generalist insects. Drosophila sechellia has evolved resistance to these volatiles allowing it to feed almost exclusively on this host plant. The genetic basis of octanoic acid resistance has been the focus of multiple recent studies, but the mechanisms that govern hexanoic acid resistance in D. sechellia remain unknown. To understand how D. sechellia has evolved to specialize on M. citrifolia fruit and avoid the toxic effects of hexanoic acid, we exposed adult D. sechellia, D. melanogaster and D. simulans to hexanoic acid and performed RNA sequencing comparing their transcriptional responses to identify D. sechellia specific responses. Our analysis identified many more genes responding transcriptionally to hexanoic acid in the susceptible generalist species than in the specialist D. sechellia. Interrogation of the sets of differentially expressed genes showed that generalists regulated the expression of many genes involved in metabolism and detoxification whereas the specialist primarily downregulated genes involved in the innate immunity. Using these data, we have identified interesting candidate genes that may be critically important in aspects of adaptation to their food source that contains high concentrations of HA. Understanding how gene expression evolves during dietary specialization is crucial for our understanding of how ecological communities are built and how evolution shapes trophic interactions.
Topics: Animals; Caproates; Drosophila; Drosophila melanogaster; Genomics; Species Specificity
PubMed: 34718544
DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab354 -
Microbial Cell Factories Feb 2024The improvement of yeast tolerance to acetic, butyric, and octanoic acids is an important step for the implementation of economically and technologically sustainable...
BACKGROUND
The improvement of yeast tolerance to acetic, butyric, and octanoic acids is an important step for the implementation of economically and technologically sustainable bioprocesses for the bioconversion of renewable biomass resources and wastes. To guide genome engineering of promising yeast cell factories toward highly robust superior strains, it is instrumental to identify molecular targets and understand the mechanisms underlying tolerance to those monocarboxylic fatty acids. A chemogenomic analysis was performed, complemented with physiological studies, to unveil genetic tolerance determinants in the model yeast and cell factory Saccharomyces cerevisiae exposed to equivalent moderate inhibitory concentrations of acetic, butyric, or octanoic acids.
RESULTS
Results indicate the existence of multiple shared genetic determinants and pathways underlying tolerance to these short- and medium-chain fatty acids, such as vacuolar acidification, intracellular trafficking, autophagy, and protein synthesis. The number of tolerance genes identified increased with the linear chain length and the datasets for butyric and octanoic acids include the highest number of genes in common suggesting the existence of more similar toxicity and tolerance mechanisms. Results of this analysis, at the systems level, point to a more marked deleterious effect of an equivalent inhibitory concentration of the more lipophilic octanoic acid, followed by butyric acid, on the cell envelope and on cellular membranes function and lipid remodeling. The importance of mitochondrial genome maintenance and functional mitochondria to obtain ATP for energy-dependent detoxification processes also emerged from this chemogenomic analysis, especially for octanoic acid.
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides new biological knowledge of interest to gain further mechanistic insights into toxicity and tolerance to linear-chain monocarboxylic acids of increasing liposolubility and reports the first lists of tolerance genes, at the genome scale, for butyric and octanoic acids. These genes and biological functions are potential targets for synthetic biology approaches applied to promising yeast cell factories, toward more robust superior strains, a highly desirable phenotype to increase the economic viability of bioprocesses based on mixtures of volatiles/medium-chain fatty acids derived from low-cost biodegradable substrates or lignocellulose hydrolysates.
Topics: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Caprylates; Fatty Acids; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
PubMed: 38419072
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02309-0 -
Lipids Jul 2022Gastric emptying (GE) is the process of food being processed by the stomach and delivered to the small intestine where nutrients such as lipids are absorbed into the... (Review)
Review
Gastric emptying (GE) is the process of food being processed by the stomach and delivered to the small intestine where nutrients such as lipids are absorbed into the blood circulation. The combination of an easy and inexpensive method to measure GE such as the CO breath test using the stable isotope [ C]octanoic acid with semi-mechanistic modeling could foster a wider application in nutritional studies to further understand the metabolic response to food. Here, we discuss the use of the [ C]octanoic acid breath test to label the solid phase of a meal, and the factors that influence GE to support mechanistic studies. Furthermore, we give an overview of existing mathematical models for the interpretation of the breath test data and how much nutritional studies could benefit from a physiological based pharmacokinetic model approach.
Topics: Breath Tests; Caprylates; Carbon Isotopes; Gastric Emptying
PubMed: 35799422
DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12352 -
Journal of Assisted Reproduction and... Oct 2015The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the protein stabilizer octanoic acid on blastocyst development, implantation, and fetal growth in a murine model.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the protein stabilizer octanoic acid on blastocyst development, implantation, and fetal growth in a murine model.
METHODS
One-cell mouse embryos were collected and individually cultured in medium supplemented with recombinant human serum albumin for 96 h at 5 % oxygen in an EmbryoScope. Embryos were randomly allocated to four octanoic acid groups (0, 400, 800, or 1200 μM). Blastocyst development and cell cycle timings were calculated at 96 h of culture, and experiments were repeated in triplicate. Blastocysts were stained and fixed at 96 h for differential cell counts. Following 96 h of culture, blastocysts were transferred to recipients to determine implantation rates and fetal and placental weights.
RESULTS
Blastocyst development, hatching rates, developmental kinetics, and total number of cells were negatively affected by octanoic acid at concentrations commonly used in human IVF. Implantation was not affected by octanoic acid but fetal and placental weights at 800 μM octanoic acid were increased relative to control.
CONCLUSIONS
Octanoic acid, a standard additive to human protein supplements used in IVF, can have long-term negative effects on embryonic and fetal development. The use of octanoic acid for human embryo culture should be monitored and reduced.
Topics: Animals; Blastocyst; Caprylates; Culture Media; Embryo Culture Techniques; Embryo Implantation; Embryo Transfer; Embryonic Development; Female; Humans; Male; Mice, Inbred Strains; Placenta; Pregnancy; Serum Albumin
PubMed: 26342329
DOI: 10.1007/s10815-015-0560-9 -
Synergistic antimicrobial effect of nisin-octanoic acid nanoemulsions against E. coli and S. aureus.Archives of Microbiology Apr 2023Food safety is a major public health concern all over the world. Therefore, the prevention of food contamination is becoming extremely crucial. In this study, an...
Food safety is a major public health concern all over the world. Therefore, the prevention of food contamination is becoming extremely crucial. In this study, an antimicrobial nanoemulsion composed of water-soluble nisin and fat-soluble octanoic acid was successfully prepared. The results showed that the average particle size and the polymer dispersity index of the nisin-octanoic acid (NOA) nanoemulsion were around 52.21 nm and 0.253, respectively. The NOA nanoemulsion required less amounts of nisin and octanoic acid to achieve the effective antimicrobial effect against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, the growth curves of E. coli and S. aureus were determined. The OD of NOA nanoemulsion was significantly lower than free nisin after being incubated for 24 h (p < 0.001), indicating that the antimicrobial effect of NOA nanoemulsion was outstanding. Meanwhile, the synergistic antimicrobial property of NOA nanoemulsion against E. coli and S. aureus was significantly better than free nisin under nonacid conditions (p < 0.05). Overall, the results of this study may provide guidance for the further application of nisin in more forms.
Topics: Nisin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Anti-Infective Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37086306
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03545-5 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Mar 2022In the present investigation, we determined the in vitro antimicrobial activity of eight essential oils (EOs) and three medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) alone and in...
In the present investigation, we determined the in vitro antimicrobial activity of eight essential oils (EOs) and three medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) alone and in combination against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 700698, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, and E. coli FcW5. The interactions between EOs and MCFAs were determined by fractional inhibitory concentration indices. Moreover, mode of action of selected bioactive components was studied by changes in bacterial surface charge, morphology, and membrane integrity assays. Among EOs, carvacrol (CAR), trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), and thymol (TM) showed strong antimicrobial activity. In combination study, CAR+OA (octanoic acid), CAR+DA (decanoic acid), and TM+OA were observed as the most significant (P≤0.05) which were also confirmed through time-kill plots. Based on these results, CAR+OA were found to be most efficacious in terms of killing time (P≤0.05). Changes in the surface charge, morphology, and membrane integrity upon the combined treatment of CAR+OA were also observed, which ultimately leads to cell death. Results suggest that CAR+OA when used in combination offer a significant (P≤0.05) additive antimicrobial activity against the selected pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, these natural bioactive molecules could be interesting alternatives to conventional therapy for the control of mastitis caused by multi-drug-resistant pathogens in bovine animals to ensure the milk safety.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Caprylates; Cattle; Cymenes; Escherichia coli; Female; Humans; Mastitis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oils, Volatile; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 34784023
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00639-4 -
Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin,... Mar 2022Fatty liver disease has grown into a major global health burden, attributed to multi-factors including sedentary lifestyle, obesogenic diet and prevalence of metabolic...
Fatty liver disease has grown into a major global health burden, attributed to multi-factors including sedentary lifestyle, obesogenic diet and prevalence of metabolic disorders. The lack of robust experimental models is hampering the research and therapeutic development for fatty liver disease. This study aims to develop an organoid-based 3D culture model to recapitulate key features of fatty liver disease focusing on intracellular lipid accumulation and metabolic dysregulation. We used human liver-derived intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids and hepatocyte differentiated organoids. These organoids were exposed to lactate, pyruvate, and octanoic acid (LPO) for inducing lipid accumulation and mitochondrial impairment. Lipid accumulation resulted in alternations of gene transcription with major effects on metabolic pathways, including triglyceride and glucose level increase, which is consistent with metabolic changes in fatty liver disease patients. Interestingly, lipid accumulation affected mitochondria as shown by morphological transitions, alternations in expression of mitochondrial encoded genes, and reduction of ATP production. Meanwhile, we found treatment with obeticholic acid and metformin can alleviate fat accumulation in organoids. This study demonstrated that LPO exposure can induce lipid accumulation and associated metabolic dysregulation in human liver-derived organoids. This provides an innovative model for studying fatty liver disease and testing potential therapeutics. KEY MESSAGES: Lactate, pyruvate, and octanoic acid induce lipid accumulation in liver organoids. Organoids of human compared to mouse origin are more efficient in lipid accumulation. Lipid accumulation dysregulates metabolic pathway and impairs mitochondrial function. Demonstrating a proof-of-concept for testing medications in organoids.
Topics: Animals; Hepatocytes; Humans; Liver; Mice; Organoids; Pyruvic Acid
PubMed: 35059746
DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02176-x -
Journal of Food Science and Technology Aug 2022Intensification in synthesis of triglycerides of octanoic acid using a heterogeneous amberlyst-15 catalyst has been investigated with the application of ultrasound under...
UNLABELLED
Intensification in synthesis of triglycerides of octanoic acid using a heterogeneous amberlyst-15 catalyst has been investigated with the application of ultrasound under solvent-free conditions. Further, the frying characteristics of medium-chain triglycerides (tricaprin) are evaluated by deep frying of French fries in various combinations of palm oil and tricaprin. Understanding into the effect of parameters such as the temperature of the reaction (over the range of 40 °C-80 °C), loading of amberlyst-15 (1%-5%) and molar ratio of fatty acid to glycerol (3:1-3:5) along with the ultrasound conditions as duty cycle (40%-90%) and time on the conversion (%) has also been developed. Based on the outcomes of the study, optimum reaction conditions seen are 3:4 as the molar ratio of fatty acid (C8): glycerol, amberlyst-15 loading of 3% and a reaction temperature of 50 °C. It was further observed that the optimum ultrasound conditions required for maximum conversion of 99.8% were 240 W power, 80% duty cycle and 15 min as the ultrasound irradiation time. Under similar conditions, the conventional synthesis resulted in only 20% conversion in 15 min. Reusability studies also established that the acid-resin catalyst was effectively reused for 8 times. The PV, p-AV and TPC of frying oil combination containing higher tricaprin (50:50-palm oil: MCT) was 8.4 ± 0.8, 23.1 ± 0.01 and 29.8 ± 0.01 respectively, which were lowest as compared with other blends indicating the beneficial effects of MCT in frying applications. The work clearly shows that the ultrasound application for the synthesis of triglyceride of octanoic acid gives higher conversion (%) in a less time and also demonstrates that MCT could be a good alternative for deep frying of foods in combination with palm oil to enhance the shelf-life of food.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-022-05379-3.
PubMed: 35872730
DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05379-3