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Somatosensory & Motor Research Jun 2019To strengthen the understanding, increase the early diagnostic rate, and improve the outcome of unilateral oculomotor nerve palsy through the analysis of the 121...
To strengthen the understanding, increase the early diagnostic rate, and improve the outcome of unilateral oculomotor nerve palsy through the analysis of the 121 patients suffering from this disease in our hospital. A retrospective study was performed on the 121 patients with unilateral oculomotor nerve palsy diagnosed at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from October 2014 to October 2015. The clinical data, such as gender, age, aetiology, clinical features, laboratory tests, and six months follow up reports were analyzed. The main causes identified in the 121 patients with unilateral oculomotor nerve palsy were intracranial aneurysm (29.8%), diabetic peripheral neuropathy (26.5%), painful ophthalmoplegia (9.9%), and other causes (33.9%). The results from the six month follow up showed that in all the patients, 53.7% were fully recovered, 38.0% improved, and 8.3% had no significant change in symptoms. The results also indicated that the patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy had the best outcome with 71.9% full recovery rate, which was significantly higher than that in the patients with intracranial aneurysm (36.1%, < .05), and idiopathic causes (44.5%, < .05). Our data indicates that intracranial aneurysm is the leading cause of unilateral oculomotor nerve palsy, and that diabetic peripheral neuropathy has better outcome. Understanding the common causes and clinical features of unilateral oculomotor nerve paralysis is helpful for its early diagnosis and treatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Diabetic Neuropathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Male; Middle Aged; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases; Retrospective Studies; Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome; Young Adult
PubMed: 31035834
DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2019.1609438 -
BMJ Case Reports Aug 2019
Topics: Blepharoptosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diagnosis, Differential; Diplopia; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 31439563
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-231485 -
Journal Francais D'ophtalmologie Dec 2016
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Adult; Craniocerebral Trauma; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Motorcycles; Oculomotor Nerve Injuries
PubMed: 27839847
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2016.08.005 -
Current Eye Research Feb 2020: The intramuscular nerve distribution in the extraocular muscles is important for understanding their function. This study aimed to determine the intramuscular nerve...
: The intramuscular nerve distribution in the extraocular muscles is important for understanding their function. This study aimed to determine the intramuscular nerve distribution of the oculomotor nerve within the inferior oblique muscle (IO) using Sihler's staining.: Seventy-two IOs from 50 formalin-embalmed cadavers were investigated. The IO including its branch of the oculomotor nerve was finely dissected from its origin to its insertion point into the sclera. The total length of the muscle and its width were measured. The intramuscular nerve course was investigated after performing Sihler's staining, which is a whole-mount nerve-staining technique that stains the nerves while rendering other soft tissues either translucent or transparent.: The total length of the muscle and muscle width were 30.0 ± 2.8 mm (mean±standard deviation), 8.8 ± 1.2 mm, respectively. The oculomotor nerve enters the IO around the middle of the muscle and then divides into multiple smaller branches without distinct subdivisions. The intramuscular nerve distribution within the IO has a root-like arborization and supplies the entire width of the muscle. The Sihler's stained intramuscular nerve course (covering a length of 7.6 ± 1.2 mm) finishes around the distal one-third of the IO in gross observations.: Sihler's staining is a useful technique for visualizing the gross nerve distribution of the IO. This new information about the nerve distribution and morphological features will improve the understanding of the biomechanics of the IO.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cadaver; Coloring Agents; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neuromuscular Junction; Oculomotor Muscles; Oculomotor Nerve; Staining and Labeling
PubMed: 31509029
DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1662055 -
Journal of Parkinson's Disease 2020Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder with many symptoms responsive to treatment with dopamine agonists, anti-cholinergics and the dopamine precursor,... (Review)
Review
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder with many symptoms responsive to treatment with dopamine agonists, anti-cholinergics and the dopamine precursor, levodopa. The cardinal features of PD include tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. There also are non-motor features that include sleep disorders, cognitive and affective dysfunction, hyposmia, pain and dysautonomia (constipation, bloating, orthostasis, urinary symptoms, sexual dysfunction, dysphagia). Among these non-motor features are signs and symptoms of visual system impairment that range from subtle examination findings to those causing severe disability. In this review we describe common PD-related abnormalities in the visual system, how they present, and potential treatments.
Topics: Disease Management; Dopamine Agonists; Hallucinations; Humans; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases; Parkinson Disease; Retinal Diseases; Vision Disorders
PubMed: 32741840
DOI: 10.3233/JPD-202103 -
Surgical Neurology International 2017The purpose of this study was to consider the mechanism of isolated oculomotor nerve palsy after minor head trauma.
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to consider the mechanism of isolated oculomotor nerve palsy after minor head trauma.
CASE DESCRIPTION
We report a rare case of delayed and isolated oculomotor nerve palsy following minor head trauma. A 19-year-old boy complained of double vision 1 day after a minor head trauma. Neuro-ophthalmic examination showed isolated left oculomotor nerve palsy. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging examination revealed no abnormal findings and steroid therapy was administered for a week. Three months after the injury, the ptosis and extraocular movements had fully resolved, although the pupillary light reflex was still abnormal.
CONCLUSIONS
Delayed and isolated oculomotor nerve palsy may be caused by an injury at the point where the oculomotor nerve runs over the posterior petroclinoid ligament. Because edema of the damaged oculomotor nerve might result in constriction at the point where the nerve pierces the dura of the cavernous sinus, symptoms of oculomotor nerve palsy appeared late after trauma. Steroid treatment reducing edema could be effective for delayed and isolated oculomotor nerve palsy following minor head trauma.
PubMed: 28217399
DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.199556 -
Journal of Neuro-ophthalmology : the... Sep 2021We report a rare case of isolated partial left III cranial nerve palsy due to inflammatory oculomotor neuritis after dengue fever with unique neuro-imaging findings of...
We report a rare case of isolated partial left III cranial nerve palsy due to inflammatory oculomotor neuritis after dengue fever with unique neuro-imaging findings of enhancement seen along the entire course of the oculomotor nerve.
Topics: Adult; Dengue; Eye Movements; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neuritis; Oculomotor Nerve
PubMed: 33870949
DOI: 10.1097/WNO.0000000000001223 -
Current Eye Research Dec 2020Knowledge of the distribution of intramuscular nerves of the extraocular muscles is crucial for understanding their function. The purpose of this study was to elucidate...
PURPOSE
Knowledge of the distribution of intramuscular nerves of the extraocular muscles is crucial for understanding their function. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the intramuscular distribution of the oculomotor nerve within the inferior rectus muscle (IRM) using Sihler's staining.
METHOD
Ninety-three IRM from 50 formalin-embalmed cadavers were investigated. The IRM including its branches of the oculomotor nerve was finely dissected from its origin to the point where it inserted into the sclera. The intramuscular nerve course was investigated after performing Sihler's whole-mount nerve staining technique that stains the nerves while rendering other soft tissues either translucent or transparent.
RESULTS
The oculomotor nerve enters the IRM around the distal one-fourth of the muscle and then divides into multiple smaller branches. The intramuscular nerve course finishes around the distal three-fifth of the IRM in gross observations. The types of branching patterns of the IRM could be divided into two subcategories based on whether or not topographic segregation was present: (1) no significant compartmental segregation (55.9% of cases) and (2) a several-zone pattern with possible segregation (44.1% of cases). Possible compartmentalization was less clear for the IRM, which contained overlapping mixed branches between different trunks.
CONCLUSION
Sihler's staining is a useful technique for visualizing the gross nerve distribution of the IRM. The new information about the nerve distribution and morphological features provided by this study will improve the understanding of the biomechanics of the IRM, and could be useful for strabismus surgery.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cadaver; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oculomotor Muscles; Oculomotor Nerve; Staining and Labeling
PubMed: 32478585
DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1776333 -
Clinical Neuroradiology Jun 2020To elucidate the imaging findings of congenital oculomotor nerve palsy by evaluating the oculomotor nerve and extraocular muscles on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in...
PURPOSE
To elucidate the imaging findings of congenital oculomotor nerve palsy by evaluating the oculomotor nerve and extraocular muscles on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in a relatively large series of 14 patients with congenital oculomotor nerve palsy.
METHODS
Ophthalmologic examination of 14 consecutive patients diagnosed with congenital oculomotor nerve palsy, and MR imaging of the orbit and oculomotor nerves were performed.
RESULTS
Of the 14 patients with congenital oculomotor nerve palsy, 13 patients (93%) were unilateral and 12 patients (86%) had incomplete palsy. On MR imaging, 5 patients (36%) had hypoplasia or aplasia of the oculomotor nerve with variable degrees of extraocular muscle atrophy on the affected side. Of the 14 patients, nine (64%) had normal-sized oculomotor nerves with or without muscle atrophy. The most frequently involved muscles were the inferior rectus (64%) and medial rectus (50%), followed by the superior rectus (29%) and inferior oblique muscles (14%). None of the 14 patients showed an abnormal abducens nerve.
CONCLUSION
Congenital oculomotor nerve palsy was mostly incomplete and hypoplasia or aplasia of the oculomotor nerve was apparent in one third of patients showing variable degrees of extraocular muscle atrophy, mostly of the medial rectus and inferior rectus muscles.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Oculomotor Nerve; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases
PubMed: 30997520
DOI: 10.1007/s00062-019-00781-5 -
Disease-a-month : DM May 2021
Topics: Humans; Oculomotor Nerve; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases; Paralysis
PubMed: 33678417
DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2021.101131