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Statistics in Medicine Dec 2016Odds ratio, risk ratio, and prevalence ratio are some of the measures of association which are often reported in research studies quantifying the relationship between an...
Odds ratio, risk ratio, and prevalence ratio are some of the measures of association which are often reported in research studies quantifying the relationship between an independent variable and the outcome of interest. There has been much debate on the issue of which measure is appropriate to report depending on the study design. However, the literature on selecting a particular category of the outcome to be modeled and/or change in reference group for categorical independent variables and the effect on statistical significance, although known, is scantly discussed nor published with examples. In this article, we provide an example of a cross-sectional study wherein prevalence ratio was chosen over (Prevalence) odds ratio and demonstrate the analytic implications of the choice of category to be modeled and choice of reference level for independent variables. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Odds Ratio; Prevalence; Research Design; Risk
PubMed: 27460748
DOI: 10.1002/sim.7059 -
Anaesthesia Jan 2017
Topics: Odds Ratio; Risk
PubMed: 27988953
DOI: 10.1111/anae.13775 -
Climacteric : the Journal of the... 2015Several epidemiological studies have investigated the association between hot flushes and smoking, but the results are inconsistent. This meta-analysis was performed to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Several epidemiological studies have investigated the association between hot flushes and smoking, but the results are inconsistent. This meta-analysis was performed to estimate an overall effect of former smoking and current smoking on the risk of hot flushes in midlife women.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for observational studies addressing the association between hot flushes and smoking until March 2015. Data were independently extracted and analyzed using odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals (CI) based on the random-effects model.
RESULTS
We identified 621 references and included eight studies with 27 054 participants. The odds ratio of an association between hot flushes and former smoking was estimated as 1.31 (95% CI 1.22-1.41) and that of current smoking was estimated as 1.97 (95% CI 1.81-2.14). No evidence of heterogeneity and publication bias was observed.
CONCLUSION
The findings from this meta-analysis indicated that former and current smoking are associated with an increased risk of hot flushes. However, more evidence based on large, prospective cohort studies is required to provide stronger evidence whether former and current smoking may be associated with an increased risk of hot flushes.
Topics: Female; Hot Flashes; Humans; Incidence; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Risk Factors; Smoking; Smoking Cessation
PubMed: 26488934
DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2015.1080236 -
Journal of Advanced Nursing Dec 2020
Meta-Analysis
Topics: Humans; Odds Ratio; Outcome Assessment, Health Care
PubMed: 33047856
DOI: 10.1111/jan.14528 -
Journal of Critical Care Dec 2023To explore the predictive value of the new comprehensive respiratory mechanics parameters elastic power (EP) and elastic power normalized to the compliance (Cst-EP) in...
PURPOSE
To explore the predictive value of the new comprehensive respiratory mechanics parameters elastic power (EP) and elastic power normalized to the compliance (Cst-EP) in the evaluation of the severity and 28-day prognosis of ARDS patients.
METHODS
The MIMIC-III database was used to identify ARDS patients under invasive mechanical ventilation for at least 48 h. Their baseline data and ventilatory variables were collected. EP, elastic energy, driving pressure and mechanical power were calculated according to the corresponding formulas. Their value in assessing the severity of ARDS was evaluated. The correlation between Cst-EP and 28-day prognosis of ARDS patients was analyzed.
RESULTS
EP was independently associated with the severity of the ARDS and the odds ratio (OR) was 1.301 [95% CI (1.190-1.423), p < 0.001]. It has higher accuracy for the severity of ARDS, with an optimal cut-off value of 14.6 J/min. The Cst-EP was significantly associated with increased risk of death and the hazard ratio (HR) per 100 J/min × cmHO/ml × 10 was 1.169 [95% CI (1.093-1.250), p < 0.001]. In addition, the 28-day cumulative survival rate of the high Cst-EP group was significantly lower than that of the low Cst-EP group.
CONCLUSION
EP can be used to predict the severity of ARDS, and Cst-EP is associated with mortality during controlled mechanical ventilation in ARDS.
Topics: Humans; Prognosis; Databases, Factual; Odds Ratio; Respiration, Artificial; Respiratory Distress Syndrome
PubMed: 37480658
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2023.154380 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2021This study aimed to identify the factors associated with the quality of life of young workers of a Social Work of Industry Unit.
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to identify the factors associated with the quality of life of young workers of a Social Work of Industry Unit.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 1270 workers. Data were collected using a digital questionnaire built on the KoBoToolbox platform that included the EUROHIS-QOL eight-item index to assess quality of life. Demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and clinical variables were considered explanatory. The associations were analyzed using the ordinal logistic regression model at a 5% significance level.
RESULTS
Men and women had a mean quality of life of 31.1 and 29.4, respectively. Workers that rated their health as "very good" had an odds ratio of 7.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.17-10.81), and those who rated it as "good" had an odds ratio of 2.9 (95% CI = 2.31-3.77). Both these groups of workers were more likely to have higher levels of quality of life as compared to workers with "regular", "poor", or "very poor" self-rated health. Physically active individuals were 30% more likely to have higher levels of quality of life (odds ratio = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.08-1.65). After adjusting the model by gender, age group, marital status, socioeconomic class, self-rated health, nutritional status, and risky alcohol consumption, the odds ratio of active individuals remained stable (odds ratio = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.05-1.66).
CONCLUSIONS
In the present study, self-rated health, physical activity, and gender were associated with young workers' quality of life.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Female; Health Status; Humans; Male; Odds Ratio; Quality of Life; Socioeconomic Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 33672106
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042153 -
Bulletin of the Hospital For Joint... Sep 2022The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between admission source and postoperative length of stay (LOS), index admission hospital charges, and...
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between admission source and postoperative length of stay (LOS), index admission hospital charges, and discharge disposition, in patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty.
METHODS
The New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) was used to identify all patients that underwent elective shoulder arthroplasty from 1994 through 2015. Patients were grouped into institutionalized (INS) versus non-institutionalized (n-INS) groups based on admission source. The two groups were compared regarding demographics, Charleston comorbidity index (CCI), postoperative blood transfusion requirement, LOS, and total charges.
RESULTS
A total of 33,248 patients were identified (32,875 n-INS, 373 INS). Patientsin the INS cohort were significantly older (71.9 versus 68.1 years) and had a higher CCI (1.3 vs. 0.7). The mean LOS in the INS group was nearly 1 week longer(9.5 days vs. 2.8 days) and had a significantly higher postoperative blood transfusion rate (37.5% vs. 9.2%, odds ratio: 5.9). The mean total hospital charges in the INS group were also significantly higher ($63,988 vs. $36,826).
DISCUSSION
Institutionalized patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty have a protracted postoperative hospital course and this ultimately resulted in poorer outcomes and increased resource utilization.
Topics: Arthroplasty; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder; Elective Surgical Procedures; Humans; Length of Stay; Odds Ratio; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36030451
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Occupational and... Aug 2022Low job control may predict shorter breastfeeding (BF) among working mothers and may contribute to racial disparities in BF.
BACKGROUND
Low job control may predict shorter breastfeeding (BF) among working mothers and may contribute to racial disparities in BF.
METHODS
We used demographic, employment, and health data for n = 631 observations from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Job control scores came from a job-exposure matrix.Using path analysis, we assessed whether job control predicted BF and mediated Black-White BF differences. We controlled for education, working hours, marital status, and low birthweight.
RESULTS
Lower job control predicted decreased odds of BF for at least 6 months (odds ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.31-0.90; reference, no BF). Low job control explained 31% of the Black-White difference for both shorter-term and longer-term BF.
CONCLUSIONS
Low job contributes to shorter BF and to BF disparities by race. Intervening to enhance job control could improve BF.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Educational Status; Employment; Female; Humans; Mothers; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 35688422
DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000002591 -
Journal of Addictive Diseases 2022Unemployment is an economic and social phenomenon that has economic, social, personal, and health consequences. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Unemployment is an economic and social phenomenon that has economic, social, personal, and health consequences. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between unemployment and alcohol use and smoking as a systematic review and meta-analysis. The two databases PubMed and Scopus were selected for the search and using a set of keywords, these two sources of scientific information were searched from 2004 to June 2021 and 1996 until June 2021, respectively. To meta-analyze the relationship between unemployment and smoking and alcohol use, odds ratio and confidence interval were calculated for this relationship. The meta-analysis was performed based on a random-effects. Subgroups were also performed for men and women. Heterogeneity in studies as well as publication bias were also examined. A total of 52 cross-sectional and cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. In the relationship between unemployment and alcohol use, the odds ratio was 1.25 and the confidence interval was between 1.12 and 1.41. In the relationship between unemployment and smoking, the odds ratio was 1.43 and the confidence interval was between 1.13 and 1.81. According to the results, it can be said that unemployment increases the likelihood of alcohol use and smoking. Therefore, policymakers must pay more attention to the health consequences of economic problems, especially unemployment.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Odds Ratio; Smoking; Unemployment
PubMed: 34747337
DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2021.1981124 -
Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine :... Jan 2021The ACE2 receptor, the binding sites for the COVID-19, is expressed abundantly in the oral cavity, raising the question of whether the mouth is a target for the virus in...
The ACE2 receptor, the binding sites for the COVID-19, is expressed abundantly in the oral cavity, raising the question of whether the mouth is a target for the virus in addition to organs such as kidneys and lungs. Recently, a flurry of individual case reports on oral manifestation of COVID-19 including ulceration, blistering lesions, and stomatitis were published. However, it is not clear whether the oral presentations that are not unique to the virus are indeed related to the virus and appear at a higher prevalence than in the general population. We used the i2b2 platform of hospital patient's registry to determine the odds ratio for COVID-19 in patients that were diagnosed with recurrent aphthous stomatitis, an entity restricted to the oral cavity. The overall odds ratio for COVID-19 in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis before adjustments was 14 and after adjustment for gender, race, and age was 13.9, 6.5, and 2.93, respectively. The odds ratio remained increased after adjustments of the comorbidities such as respiratory disease, endocrine disease, obesity, diabetes, circulatory disease, and smoking and was 3.66, 7.46, 4.6, 10.54, 7.37, and 7.52, respectively. When adjusted for recurrent aphthous stomatitis, the respiratory disease had an odd ratio of 8.56 to be associated with COVID-19. African American race and age-group 18-34 were additional significant risk factors. The present study has demonstrated a significant association between COVID-19 and RAS; however, additional longitudinal and laboratory studies are necessary to establish a cause and effect relationship between these 2 conditions.
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Odds Ratio; Recurrence; SARS-CoV-2; Stomatitis, Aphthous
PubMed: 33064856
DOI: 10.1111/jop.13114