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Reviews in Medical Virology Mar 2020Coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) has been associated with increasingly occurred sporadic hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) cases and outbreak events in many countries. In order to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) has been associated with increasingly occurred sporadic hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) cases and outbreak events in many countries. In order to understand epidemiological characteristics of CV-A6, we collected the information describing HFMD caused by CV-A6 to describe the detection rate, severe rate and onychomadesis rate, which is defined as one or more nails defluvium, caused by CV-A6 from 2007 to 2017. The results showed that there was an outbreak of CV-A6 every other year, and overall trend of the epidemic of CA6-associated HFMD was increasing in China. The detection rate of CV-A6 in other countries was 32.0% (95% CI: 25.0%~40.0%) before 2013 and 28.0% (95% CI: 20.0%~36.0%) after 2013, respectively. Although the severe rate of HFMD caused by CV-A6 was low (0.10%, 95% CI: 0.01%~0.20%), CV-A6 can cause a high incidence of onychomadesis (28.0%, 95%CI: 21.9%-34.3%). Thus, it would be worthwhile to research and develop an effective multivalent vaccine for CV-A6 to achieve a more powerful prevention of HMFD.
Topics: Comorbidity; Disease Outbreaks; Disease Susceptibility; Enterovirus A, Human; Global Health; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease; Humans; Incidence; Molecular Epidemiology; Public Health Surveillance
PubMed: 31811676
DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2087 -
Visual Journal of Emergency Medicine Jul 2021
PubMed: 34307903
DOI: 10.1016/j.visj.2021.101087 -
Cutis Mar 2020Beau lines, onychomadesis, and retronychia are nail conditions with their own characteristic clinical findings. It has been hypothesized that these 3 disorders may share...
Beau lines, onychomadesis, and retronychia are nail conditions with their own characteristic clinical findings. It has been hypothesized that these 3 disorders may share a common pathophysiologic mechanism of slowing and/or halting nail plate production at the nail matrix. We report the case of a 41-year-old woman who presented with concurrent Beau lines, onychomadesis, and retronychia 6 months following a diagnosis of scurvy. Simultaneous presentation of these 3 nail conditions is not commonly reported, and our case supports a shared pathophysiologic basis.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Nail Diseases; Scurvy
PubMed: 32352431
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of STD & AIDS Jul 2016
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Nail Diseases; Nails; Penicillin G Benzathine; Syphilis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27278451
DOI: 10.1177/0956462416628703 -
Annales de Dermatologie Et de... Oct 2016
Topics: Child, Preschool; Female; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease; Humans; Nail Diseases
PubMed: 27480329
DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2016.06.002 -
JAAD Case Reports Jan 2023
PubMed: 36505036
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2022.11.013 -
The Journal of Experimental Medicine Aug 2024Coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) infection, a prominent cause of childhood hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), frequently manifests with the intriguing phenomenon of...
Coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) infection, a prominent cause of childhood hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), frequently manifests with the intriguing phenomenon of onychomadesis, characterized by nail shedding. However, the underlying mechanism is elusive. Here, we found that CV-A10 infection in mice could suppress Wnt/β-catenin signaling by restraining LDL receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) phosphorylation and β-catenin accumulation and lead to onychomadesis. Mechanistically, CV-A10 mimics Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) to interact with Kringle-containing transmembrane protein 1 (KRM1), the CV-A10 cellular receptor. We further found that Wnt agonist (GSK3β inhibitor) CHIR99021 can restore nail stem cell differentiation and protect against nail shedding. These findings provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of CV-A10 and related viruses in onychomadesis and guide prognosis assessment and clinical treatment of the disease.
Topics: Animals; Wnt Signaling Pathway; Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6; Mice; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Humans; beta Catenin; Nail Diseases; Nails; Cell Differentiation; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease; Phosphorylation; Coxsackievirus Infections; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Pyridines; Pyrimidines
PubMed: 38836810
DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231512 -
BMC Pediatrics Aug 2020Evidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in neonates is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical symptoms, pathogens, possible transmission...
BACKGROUND
Evidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in neonates is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical symptoms, pathogens, possible transmission routes, and prognosis of neonatal HFMD in Shanghai.
METHODS
This was a case-control study based on the HFMD registry surveillance system. All neonates and infected family members were enrolled between 2016 and 2017 in Shanghai. Neonates with HFMD were followed for at least half a year. Detailed questionnaires, medical history, and physical examination were recorded. Routine blood examination, liver and renal function, immunophenotypes of peripheral blood lymphocytes (CD3, CD4, and CD8 T-cells; NK cells), immunoglobulin (Ig) M, IgG, and IgA, and cytokine interleukin (IL-1β, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α) levels were measured. All rectal swab specimens were collected and genotyped for enterovirus, and phylogenetic analysis based on the VP1 sequences of coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) was performed to investigate molecular and evolutionary characteristics. T-test or nonparametric test was used to evaluate the differences. Logistic analysis was applied to calculate the risk of clinical manifestations in the group of HFMD neonates and their paired siblings.
RESULTS
There were 16 neonates among the 12,608 diagnosed patients with HFMD, accounting for 0.13%. All neonatal infections were transmitted by other members of the family, mainly the elder siblings, and were caused by CV-A6. CV-A6 was the emerging and predominant causative agent of HFMD in Shanghai. None of the neonates with HFMD experienced fever, onychomadesis, or severe complications. However, two elder sibling patients showed lethargy, and one developed hypoperfusion. In the elder siblings with HFMD, the proportion of white blood cells was generally higher than in neonates with HFMD. The immunologic function of the neonates with HFMD was basically normal. The levels of inflammatory markers were higher in both neonates and elder siblings with HFMD compared to age-matched controls. The clinical symptoms receded about 1 week after onset. None of the neonates had sequelae.
CONCLUSIONS
In our study, CV-A6 infection in neonates was benign, but had the character of family clustering. Due to the two-child policy in China, elder siblings may be the main route of HFMD transmission.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Child; China; Enterovirus; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Phylogeny
PubMed: 32741368
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02262-y -
Mycoses Mar 2017Onychomycosis is a rare nail disorder in early childhood, while onychomadesis is a periodic idiopathic, non-inflammatory disease that affects the nail matrix and is...
Onychomycosis is a rare nail disorder in early childhood, while onychomadesis is a periodic idiopathic, non-inflammatory disease that affects the nail matrix and is common in children especially in those who suffer from viral infections. In this study, we investigated recent cases of onychomycosis subsequent to periods of onychomadesis in children. Sixteen young children (six males, 10 females) with a mean age of 36.5 months were diagnosed with onychomadesis, and 13 of the patients had a history of viral infection prior to nail changes. Direct microscopy of nail scaling was positive in 11 cases (68.8%), and culture was positive in the same number of cases. Four Candida species were isolated: Candida glabrata was the most frequent, found in eight cases (72.7%), while C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis, each were encountered in a single case. All children were treated successfully with or without topical bifonazole therapy.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candida glabrata; Candida tropicalis; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Imidazoles; Infant; Male; Nail Diseases; Nails; Onychomycosis
PubMed: 27618806
DOI: 10.1111/myc.12555 -
SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 2019Hand, foot, and mouth disease is an enteroviral infection characterized by vesicles on the hands, feet, and oral mucosa. Given its rising incidence among adults, it is...
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is an enteroviral infection characterized by vesicles on the hands, feet, and oral mucosa. Given its rising incidence among adults, it is important to recognize its variable presentations and sequelae. These include onychomadesis, a complication of hand, foot, and mouth disease that is well described in children, with limited reports in adults. We present the unique case of a pregnant woman who developed onychomadesis following hand, foot, and mouth disease, with no adverse pregnancy outcomes. This case illustrates that (1) onychomadesis can occur in pregnant women with hand, foot, and mouth disease; (2) onychomadesis is typically a benign change that can occur following hand, foot, and mouth disease; and (3) onychomadesis is not necessarily associated with more severe disease or adverse pregnancy outcomes.
PubMed: 31080597
DOI: 10.1177/2050313X19845202