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Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral... Feb 2022The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of condylar degeneration in patients with anterior open bites (AOB).
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of condylar degeneration in patients with anterior open bites (AOB).
STUDY DESIGN
Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 194 patients with AOB (108 with skeletal open bites and 86 with dental open bites) and 100 patients serving as controls were included in this retrospective study. Two oral and maxillofacial radiologists categorized each of the 588 condyles as normal, degenerative-active, or degenerative-repair. The χ analysis with Bonferroni adjustment was used to evaluate the relationship of condylar status (normal vs degenerative) to anterior open bites.
RESULTS
Of the 103 degenerative condyles, there were 59 in the group with skeletal open bites, 14 in the group with dental open bites, and 30 in the control group. Condylar degeneration occurred twice as frequently in patients with skeletal open bites as it did in the control group (P < .0001). Conversely, a greater frequency of normal condyles was found in the group of patients with dental open bites (P = .0002). The group with skeletal open bites also showed a significantly higher frequency of bilateral degenerative condyles (P = .0001). The frequency of condylar degeneration did not differ significantly between female and male individuals.
CONCLUSIONS
Degenerative condylar change was significantly more likely in patients with skeletal open bites and less likely in patients with dental open bites.
Topics: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Female; Humans; Male; Mandibular Condyle; Open Bite; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34503937
DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.07.019 -
European Journal of Orthodontics Feb 2017Oral habits are common etiological factors for anterior open bites (AOBs) in growing children and adolescents. The objective of this review was to provide a literature... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Oral habits are common etiological factors for anterior open bites (AOBs) in growing children and adolescents. The objective of this review was to provide a literature synthesis evaluating the effectiveness of open bite correction in growing individuals with the use of habit-interception appliances.
SEARCH METHODS
Electronic searches were conducted on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Sciences, Scopus, Google Scholar, Scielo, and Lilacs databases. Trials registries were consulted for ongoing trials, and a partial grey literature search was also conducted.
SELECTION CRITERIA
The selection criteria included controlled clinical trials enrolling growing subjects who underwent habit-interception orthodontic treatment to correct dental and/or skeletal AOB.
DATA COLLECTION ANALYSIS
Data was grouped and analysed descriptively. A meta-analysis was only possible regarding crib therapy effectiveness. Qualitative appraisal was performed according to Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and the MINORS tool for non-randomized clinical trials (nRCTs).
RESULTS
Two RCTs and nine nRCTs were identified. Most of them presented relevant limitations. Crib therapy demonstrated to be effective (+3.1mm overbite correction). However, most of the dental effects are seemingly lost with time; and the skeletal effects are still controversial. Other habit-interception appliances, such as spurs, were not sufficiently investigated.
CONCLUSIONS
Crib therapy appears to be effective on a short time basis. As for other habit-interception appliances, insufficient evidence could not provide reliable conclusions.
Topics: Adolescent; Bias; Child; Habits; Humans; Open Bite; Overbite
PubMed: 26846264
DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjw005 -
American Journal of Orthodontics and... Jul 2016The aim of this study was to compare the posterior tooth angulations in patients with open-bite malocclusion and normal occlusion.
INTRODUCTION
The aim of this study was to compare the posterior tooth angulations in patients with open-bite malocclusion and normal occlusion.
METHODS
Lateral cephalometric headfilms of 45 untreated open-bite subjects were compared with the lateral headfilms of 45 subjects with normal occlusion in the permanent dentition. The groups were matched for age and sex distribution and compared with t tests.
RESULTS
The maxillary and mandibular premolars were more mesially angulated in relation to the bisected occlusal plane, and the first and second molars were significantly more distally angulated in the open-bite group in relation to the palatal and mandibular planes.
CONCLUSIONS
The maxillary and mandibular premolars were more mesially angulated in relation to the bisected occlusal plane and therefore do not compensate for the divergence of the palatal and mandibular planes as the molars do.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Odontometry; Open Bite; Young Adult
PubMed: 27364208
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.12.016 -
Brazilian Oral Research 2015The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between different types of malocclusion and the impact on quality of life among preschoolers and their families. A...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between different types of malocclusion and the impact on quality of life among preschoolers and their families. A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 451 children 3-5 years of age. A clinical exam was performed to evaluate the malocclusions according to criteria proposed by Foster and Hamilton. This examination was conducted by a calibrated dentist. Parents/caregivers answered the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) for the assessment of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) and the questionnaire on socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, chi-square, Mann-Whitney and hierarchically adjusted Poisson regression. The prevalence of malocclusion was 28.4%. The most frequent conditions were posterior crossbite (20.4%), anterior open bite (9.5%) and increased overjet (8.4%). A significant association was found between anterior open bite and OHRQoL (p < 0.001). The adjusted analysis confirmed the association between anterior open bite and a negative impact on quality of life (PR = 2.55; 95%CI: 1.87 to 3.47; p < 0.001). Anterior open bite was associated with a negative impact on the quality of life of preschoolers.
Topics: Age Distribution; Age Factors; Brazil; Caregivers; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Malocclusion; Open Bite; Parents; Prevalence; Quality of Life; Sex Distribution; Sex Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Statistics, Nonparametric; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 25741623
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2015.vol29.0046 -
The Angle Orthodontist Mar 2019This report illustrates successful nonsurgical orthodontic treatment of a hypodivergent adult patient with bilateral posterior scissors bite (Brodie bite) and excessive...
This report illustrates successful nonsurgical orthodontic treatment of a hypodivergent adult patient with bilateral posterior scissors bite (Brodie bite) and excessive overjet. A 26-year-old woman primarily reported maxillary incisor protrusion. She was diagnosed with Class ll division 1 malocclusion with skeletal Class I, short face, low mandibular plane angle and bilateral posterior scissors bite. A lingual arch with anterior bite block and posterior miniscrews with preadjusted edgewise appliances were used to improve the bilateral scissors bite. After achieving molar occlusion, the maxillary first premolars were extracted, and six miniscrews were used to improve the anterior-posterior and vertical discrepancies. After active treatment for 56 months, the convex facial profile with excessively protruded lips was improved and good interdigitation with ideal incisor relationship was achieved. Additionally, the irregular movements of the incisal path and the bilateral condyles during lateral excursion were improved. At 13 months of retention, a satisfactory facial profile, occlusion, and jaw movements were maintained. The treatment results suggest that miniscrews and fixed bite blocks were effective and efficient to facilitate correction of the bilateral scissors bite, excessive overjet, and vertical relationship correction in this nonsurgical orthodontic treatment.
Topics: Adult; Cephalometry; Dental Occlusion; Female; Humans; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Malocclusion, Angle Class III; Open Bite; Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures; Overbite; Tooth Movement Techniques
PubMed: 30080111
DOI: 10.2319/111617-791.1 -
Korean Journal of Orthodontics May 2022The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness and mechanism of clear aligner therapy for the correction of anterior open bite in adult nonextraction cases.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness and mechanism of clear aligner therapy for the correction of anterior open bite in adult nonextraction cases.
METHODS
Sixty-nine adult patients with anterior open bite were enrolled and classified into Angle's Class I, II, and III groups. Fifty patients presented with skeletal open bite (mandibular plane angle [MPA] ≥ 38°), whereas 19 presented with dental open bite. Fifteen cephalometric landmarks were identified before (T1) and after (T2) treatment. The magnitudes of planned and actual movements of the incisors and molars were calculated.
RESULTS
Positive overbite was achieved in 94% patients, with a mean final overbite of 1.1 ± 0.8 mm. The mean change in overbite was 3.3 ± 1.4 mm. With clear aligners alone, 0.36 ± 0.58 mm of maxillary molar intrusion was achieved. Compared with the Class I group, the Class II group showed greater maxillary molar intrusion and MPA reduction. The Class III group showed greater mandibular incisor extrusion with no significant vertical skeletal changes.
CONCLUSIONS
Clear aligners can be effective in controlling the vertical dimension and correcting mild to moderate anterior open bite in adult nonextraction cases. The treatment mechanism for Class III patients significantly differed from that for Class I and Class II patients. Maxillary incisor extrusion in patients with dental open bite and MPA reduction with mandibular incisor extrusion in patients with skeletal open bite are the most significant contributing factors for open bite closure.
PubMed: 35527369
DOI: 10.4041/kjod21.180 -
Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 2020This study aimed to compare the root length of maxillary and mandibular incisors between individuals with open bite versus matched individuals with adequate overbite.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to compare the root length of maxillary and mandibular incisors between individuals with open bite versus matched individuals with adequate overbite.
METHODS
This comparative, matched and retrospective study included 48 cone beam computed tomographies (CBCTs) obtained at a university radiological center. Scans belonged to 24 individuals with open bite (overbite ≤ 0 mm) and 24 individuals with adequate overbite (controls). Both groups were matched by age, sex, malocclusion classification and skeletal characteristics (ANB and FMA angles). Root length of each maxillary and mandibular incisor was measured in millimeters (mm) in a sagittal section from a perpendicular line to the enamel cement junction until the root apex (384 length measurements were made). The means of root length in both groups were compared using t-tests. In addition, correlations between variables were evaluated with the Pearson correlation coefficient (α = 0.05).
RESULTS
In both groups, the root length of the upper central incisors was approximately 12 mm and the root length of the maxillary lateral incisors was approximately 13 mm (p˃ 0.05). Likewise, the root length of lower central incisors in both groups measured approximately 12 mm (p˃ 0.05). However, the mandibular lateral incisor roots of open bite patients were significantly longer than in the normal overbite patients (approximately 1 mm, p= 0.012 right side, p= 0.001 left side).
CONCLUSIONS
Root length of maxillary incisors and central mandibular incisor is similar in individuals with or without open bite, but the mandibular lateral incisor roots in open bite patients were significantly longer than in the normal overbite patients.
Topics: Cephalometry; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Humans; Incisor; Maxilla; Open Bite; Retrospective Studies; Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
PubMed: 32965383
DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.25.4.23.e1-7.onl -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Dec 2022To find out if there is any relationship between tooth size discrepancy (TSD) and skeletal anterior open bite (AOB) and to assess the correlation between the amount of...
OBJECTIVE
To find out if there is any relationship between tooth size discrepancy (TSD) and skeletal anterior open bite (AOB) and to assess the correlation between the amount of AOB and TSD.
METHOD
A total of 100 Class I subjects were included in this study (average age 15.21 ± 2.84 years). Fifty patients had skeletal AOB (>3 mm) and 50 subjects acted as controls and had a normal overbite. Teeth mesio-distal widths were measured using a digital caliper. Anterior, overall, and posterior TSD ratios were calculated. An independent t-test was employed to assess differences between groups and between genders. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between the amount of AOB and TSD.
RESULTS
Significant differences in anterior (p = .038) and posterior (p = .015) TSD ratios were detected. In the skeletal AOB group, no significant gender differences were detected (p > .05), whereas in the normal bite and total sample group, males had smaller posterior teeth compared to females (p < .05). All the differences were smaller than 1 SD of Bolton's ratios. No significant correlation was found between the amount of AOB and TSD ratios (p > .05).
CONCLUSIONS
Skeletal AOB had larger anterior and smaller posterior mandibular teeth, but the differences were less than 1 SD of Bolton's ratios. Males have smaller mandibular posterior teeth than females. The amount of AOB is not correlated with the TSD ratios.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Child; Adolescent; Odontometry; Open Bite; Tooth; Malocclusion; Mandible; Tooth Diseases
PubMed: 35979550
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.647 -
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery Jan 2019The aim was to postoperatively evaluate a conservative treatment approach to bilateral condylar resorption after orthognathic surgery. A retrospective study was carried...
The aim was to postoperatively evaluate a conservative treatment approach to bilateral condylar resorption after orthognathic surgery. A retrospective study was carried out on 730 consecutive patients undergoing sagittal split osteotomy, 2013 to 2016. The mean follow-up period was 2.29 years. Clinical and radiographic findings of patients with postoperative bilateral condylar resorption were searched. Syndromic patients and patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis were excluded from this study. Of the 730 patients, 6 (0.82%) required treatments because of bilateral postoperative condylar resorption but had no surgery at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Five patients with TMJ symptoms because of postoperative condylar resorption were managed with conservative treatment. About 2 of the 6 patients were successfully retreated with orthognathic surgery in the upper jaw to close the open bite. The TMJ symptoms can successfully be managed with conservative therapy, whereas skeletal relapse can be retreated with orthognathic surgery in the upper jaw, depending on the amount of overjet. Patient undergoing orthognathic surgery may develop bilateral condylar resorption though the frequency is <1%, most of these patients can be managed conservatively.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bone Resorption; Cephalometry; Female; Humans; Male; Mandibular Condyle; Maxilla; Open Bite; Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Young Adult
PubMed: 30358743
DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000004837 -
International Orthodontics Mar 2022To evaluate the effectiveness of the low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in accelerating the early treatment of the skeletal anterior open bite (AOB) and to evaluate the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Evaluation of the acceleration, skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of low-level laser therapy combined with fixed posterior bite blocks in children with skeletal anterior open bite: A three-arm randomised controlled trial.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effectiveness of the low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in accelerating the early treatment of the skeletal anterior open bite (AOB) and to evaluate the associated skeletal and dentoalveolar changes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A three-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial was conducted on 42 patients aged 8-10 years with skeletal AOB. Patients were randomly allocated to three groups: the fixed posterior bite block+low-level laser therapy (FPBB+LLLT) group; the fixed posterior bite block (FPBB) group; and the untreated control group (UCG) in a 1:1:1 allocation ratio. The LLLT dose in the FPBB+LLLT group was applied using 808-nm wavelength Ga-Al-As semiconductor laser device with the energy of 4-joules/point and irradiation time of 16 seconds/point. LLLT was applied in the first visit; then, it was applied on day 3, 7 and 14 of the first month. Afterwards, it was applied every 15 days until the end of the treatment. Lateral cephalometric images were taken at the beginning of the treatment (T0) and at the end of the active phase (T1). The primary outcome measures were the overall time needed to correct the AOB and the skeletal and dentoalveolar changes.
RESULTS
The correction of the AOB required significantly less mean time in the FPBB+LLLT group compared to the FPBB group (x̅=7.07, x̅=9.42 months, respectively; P=0.001). The mean upper first molar intrusion in the FPBB+LLLT group was 1.21mm and significantly greater than that of the FPBB group (0.82mm; P=0.018). However, there was a slight mean extrusion of the upper first molar in the UCG (0.32mm).
CONCLUSIONS
The overall time needed to correct the AOB was shorter in the FPBB+LLLT group. The LLLT appeared to be effective in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement. FPBB alone or LLLT were effective in the early treatment of anterior open bite (AOB). The two interventional groups produced similar dentoalveolar and skeletal changes; most of which were dentoalveolar in the correction of the anterior open bite.
Topics: Acceleration; Cephalometry; Child; Humans; Low-Level Light Therapy; Open Bite; Tooth Movement Techniques
PubMed: 34887236
DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2021.10.005