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Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual... Sep 2020Because preterm birth and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are associated with poor visual acuity (VA) and altered foveal development, we evaluated relationships among...
PURPOSE
Because preterm birth and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are associated with poor visual acuity (VA) and altered foveal development, we evaluated relationships among the central retinal photoreceptors, postreceptor retinal neurons, overlying fovea, and VA in ROP.
METHODS
We obtained optical coherence tomograms (OCTs) in preterm born subjects with no history of ROP (none; n = 61), ROP that resolved spontaneously without treatment (mild; n = 51), and ROP that required treatment by laser ablation of the avascular peripheral retina (severe; n = 22), as well as in term born control subjects (term; n = 111). We obtained foveal shape descriptors, measured central retinal layer thicknesses, and demarcated the anatomic parafovea using automated routines. In subsets of these subjects, we obtained OCTs eccentrically through the pupil (n = 46) to reveal the fiber layer of Henle (FLH) and obtained adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmograms (AO-SLOs) of the parafoveal cones (n = 34) and measured their spacing and distribution.
RESULTS
Both VA and foveal depth decreased with increasing ROP severity (term, none, mild, severe). In severe subjects, foveae were broader than normal and the parafovea was significantly enlarged compared to every other group. The FLH was thinner than normal in mild (but not severe) subjects. VA was associated with foveal depth more than group. Density of parafoveal cones did not differ significantly among groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Foveal structure is associated with loss of VA in ROP. The preserved FLH in severe (relative to mild) eyes suggests treatment may help cone axon development. The significantly larger parafovea and increased outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness in ROP hint that some developmental process affecting the photoreceptors is not arrested in ROP but rather is supranormal.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Female; Fovea Centralis; Humans; Male; Ophthalmoscopy; Retinopathy of Prematurity; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Visual Acuity; Young Adult
PubMed: 32936301
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.11.28 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2021The retina offers a unique opportunity to directly visualize blood vessels in vivo noninvasively. Over the past few decades, several new imaging techniques have been...
The retina offers a unique opportunity to directly visualize blood vessels in vivo noninvasively. Over the past few decades, several new imaging techniques have been adapted to study the retinal vasculature in the laboratory in animal models and in the clinic in human subjects. High-contrast, finely detailed fundus images can be acquired by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO). With fluorescein angiography (FA), the retinal microcirculation can be visualized. High-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is able to acquire cross-section images resolving the microarchitecture of the retina, similar to histology. The techniques and protocols for acquiring cSLO, FA, and SD-OCT imaging of the retinal vasculature and morphology in the rodent are described.
Topics: Animals; Fluorescein Angiography; Ophthalmoscopy; Retina; Retinal Vessels; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 34331249
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1480-8_13 -
Journal Francais D'ophtalmologie Jun 2019
Topics: Adult; Cysts; Eye Diseases; Humans; Male; Ophthalmoscopy; Retinoscopy; Slit Lamp; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Ultrasonography; Vitreous Body
PubMed: 31097316
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2018.12.020 -
British Medical Bulletin Sep 2014The last two decades have seen a revolution in ophthalmic imaging. In this review we present an overview of the breadth of ophthalmic imaging modalities in use today and... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION OR BACKGROUND
The last two decades have seen a revolution in ophthalmic imaging. In this review we present an overview of the breadth of ophthalmic imaging modalities in use today and describe how the role of ophthalmic imaging has changed from documenting abnormalities visible on clinical examination to the detection of clinically silent abnormalities which can lead to an earlier and more precise diagnosis.
SOURCES OF DATA
This review is based on published literature in the fields of ophthalmic imaging and with focus on most commonly used imaging modalities.
AREAS OF AGREEMENT
New imaging techniques enable non-invasive evaluation of ocular structures at a resolution of a few micrometres. This has led to a re-evaluation of diagnostic criteria for ocular disease, which were previously defined by clinical findings without significant reference to imaging.
AREAS OF CONTROVERSY
Lack of formal training and clinical guidelines regarding use of new imaging techniques in diagnosing and monitoring various ocular conditions. Lack of large normative databases and interchangeability issues between different commercial machines can hinder the detection of disease progression.
GROWING POINTS
Imaging devices are being constantly refined with improved image capture and image analysis tools.
AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH
Clinical applications of new techniques and devices have yet to be determined using systematic scientific research methods.
Topics: Eye Diseases; Fluorescein Angiography; Fundus Oculi; Humans; Ophthalmoscopy; Optical Imaging; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 25139430
DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldu022 -
Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology... 2018This article explores the development of retinal imaging, with particular emphasis on ultra-widefield imaging and the key concept of field of view. Two ultra-widefield... (Review)
Review
This article explores the development of retinal imaging, with particular emphasis on ultra-widefield imaging and the key concept of field of view. Two ultra-widefield imaging platforms are examined in detail-Optomap and Spectralis-noncontact imaging systems that include protocols for performing angiography in infants. Applications of ultra-widefield imaging are illustrated using case studies, including diagnosis, monitoring, and screening.
Topics: Fluorescein Angiography; Humans; Ophthalmoscopy; Optical Imaging; Pediatrics; Retina; Retinal Diseases
PubMed: 29888558
DOI: 10.22608/APO.2018100 -
Survey of Ophthalmology 2023Retromode scanning laser ophthalmoscopy imaging captures a pseudo-3-dimensional image of the ocular fundus. Retromode scanning laser ophthalmoscopy imaging was... (Review)
Review
Retromode scanning laser ophthalmoscopy imaging captures a pseudo-3-dimensional image of the ocular fundus. Retromode scanning laser ophthalmoscopy imaging was introduced first in 2008 using the Nidek F-10 scanning laser ophthalmoscope (F-10; Nidek Co., Gamagori, Japan). At that time, no major role was described for this imaging modality. The interest in retromode scanning laser ophthalmoscopy imaging is reemerging with the recent advent of the Mirante that combines scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography (Nidek Co., Gamagori, Japan) that can capture retromode images of the fundus. We summarize the findings and clinical implications of retromode imaging using the Nidek F-10 and the Mirante in retinal diseases with the aim of helping researchers direct their future studies.
Topics: Humans; Retinal Diseases; Ophthalmoscopy; Fundus Oculi; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 37481077
DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.07.004 -
Klinische Monatsblatter Fur... Aug 2017Gonioscopy is used to exam the anterior chamber angle and the neighbouring structures. Gonioscopy can be performed using a contact lens, with the patient sitting at the... (Review)
Review
Gonioscopy is used to exam the anterior chamber angle and the neighbouring structures. Gonioscopy can be performed using a contact lens, with the patient sitting at the slit lamp or in a supine position. Due to the total inner reflection of the cornea, the anterior chamber angle would otherwise be invisible in a healthy eye. During normal daily clinical routine, gonioscopy is often omitted, due to lack of time, although additional information could be gained. The aim is to give a summary of the diagnostic possibilities using gonioscopy and to emphasise the importance of this relatively easy clinical method. The development of gonioscopy, the appropriate tools, proper procedure at the slit lamp and the most popular grading systems are described. In addition, an overview of detectable pathological changes in the anterior chamber angle is given and future prospects about developments in gonioscopy. Gonioscopy can provide additional information otherwise missed by slit lamp examination or ophthalmoscopy alone. Up to now, no (semi-)automatic devices have been developed which could completely replace gonioscopy. Therefore gonioscopy remains an important part of a complete ophthalmological examination and should be learned, mastered and performed regularly by every ophthalmologist.
Topics: Anterior Chamber; Contact Lenses; Equipment Design; Gonioscopy; Humans; Ophthalmoscopy; Slit Lamp Microscopy
PubMed: 28086258
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-120280 -
Experimental Eye Research May 2021Noninvasive in vivo imaging of the mouse retina is essential for eye research. However, imaging the mouse fundus is challenging due to its small size and requires... (Review)
Review
Noninvasive in vivo imaging of the mouse retina is essential for eye research. However, imaging the mouse fundus is challenging due to its small size and requires specialized equipment, maintenance, and training. These issues hinder the routine evaluation of the mouse retina. In this study, we developed a noncontact imaging system consisting of a smartphone, a 90D condensing lens, a homemade light diaphragm, a tripod, and a Bluetooth remote. With minimal training, examiners were able to capture fundus images from the mouse retina. We also found that fundus images captured using our system from wild type mice, mice with laser-induced retinal injury, and a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa showed a quality similar to those captured using a commercial fundus camera. These images enabled us to identify normal structures and pathological changes in the mouse retina. Additionally, fluorescein angiography was possible with the smartphone system. We believe that the smartphone imaging system is low cost, simple, accessible, easy to operate, and suitable for the routine screening and examination of the mouse eye.
Topics: Animals; Fluorescein Angiography; Fundus Oculi; Mice; Ophthalmoscopy; Retina; Retinal Diseases; Smartphone
PubMed: 33675778
DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108530 -
Expert Review of Medical Devices Oct 2016Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) is a noninvasive imaging method to detect fundus endogenous fluorophores, mainly lipofuscin located in the retinal pigment epithelium... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) is a noninvasive imaging method to detect fundus endogenous fluorophores, mainly lipofuscin located in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The FAF provides information about lipofuscin distribution and RPE health, and consequently an increased accumulation of lipofuscin has been correlated with ageing and development of certain retinal conditions. Areas covered: An exhaustive literature search in MEDLINE (via OVID) and PUBMED for articles related to ocular FAF in retinal diseases and different devices used for acquiring FAF imaging was conducted. Expert commentary: This review aims to show an overview about autofluorescence in the RPE and the main devices used for acquiring these FAF images. The knowledge of differences in the optical principles, acquisition images and the image post-processing between confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and modified conventional fundus camera will improve the FAF images interpretation when are used as a complementary diagnosis and monitoring tool of retinal diseases.
Topics: Fluorescence; Fluorescent Dyes; Fundus Oculi; Humans; Lasers; Ophthalmoscopy; Photography
PubMed: 27634136
DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2016.1236678 -
Progress in Retinal and Eye Research Jan 2019Recent developments in imaging technologies now allow the documentation, qualitative and quantitative evaluation of peripheral retinal lesions. As wide field retinal... (Review)
Review
Recent developments in imaging technologies now allow the documentation, qualitative and quantitative evaluation of peripheral retinal lesions. As wide field retinal imaging, capturing both the central and peripheral retina up to 200° eccentricity, is becoming readily available the question is: what is it that we gain by imaging the periphery? Based on accumulating evidence it is clear that findings in the periphery do not always associate to those observed in the posterior pole. However, the newly acquired information may provide useful clues to previously unrecognised disease features and may facilitate more accurate disease prognostication. In this review, we explore the anatomy and physiology of the peripheral retina, focusing on how it differs from the posterior pole, recount the history of peripheral retinal imaging, describe various peripheral retinal lesions and evaluate the overall relevance of peripheral retinal findings to different diseases.
Topics: Humans; Ophthalmoscopy; Optical Imaging; Retina; Retinal Diseases
PubMed: 30316018
DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.10.001