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Journal of Clinical Neuroscience :... May 2024
Topics: Female; Humans; Arachnoiditis; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Optic Chiasm; Adolescent
PubMed: 38537578
DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2024.03.022 -
World Neurosurgery Jan 2022Cavernous malformations (CM) affect approximately 0.5% of the population, with only a limited portion being located in the optic nerve and chiasma. The clinical...
Cavernous malformations (CM) affect approximately 0.5% of the population, with only a limited portion being located in the optic nerve and chiasma. The clinical presentation is determined by their locations. In the optochiasmatic CM, the acute visual disturbance is the most common presentation. Chronically, many show a progressive visual loss, chronic headache, and pituitary disturbances. The differential diagnosis includes optic glioma, arteriovenous malformations, aneurysm, craniopharyngioma, pituitary apoplexy, and inflammatory conditions. In Video 1, we present the case of a 39-year-old woman with a history of a hemorrhagic optochiasmatic cavernoma in 2016, who started using propranolol to reduce the lesion and symptoms of visual loss. Moreover, the first microsurgical resection of the cavernoma and evacuation of the hematoma were performed in the same year. Owing to evolvement from a partial to a total vision loss in the left eye and presentation of new symptoms in the right eye, the patient underwent microsurgical resection. The surgery was performed sequentially. An awake craniotomy was performed to monitor the chiasma and right optic nerve. The postoperative magnetic resonance imaging showed complete resection of the CM, and the patient fully recovered. The patient signed the institutional consent form, stating that he or she accepts the procedure and allows the use of his or her images and videos for any type of medical publications in conferences and/or scientific articles.
Topics: Adult; Female; Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System; Humans; Microsurgery; Neurosurgical Procedures; Optic Chiasm; Optic Nerve Neoplasms; Wakefulness
PubMed: 34687930
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.10.104 -
American Journal of Ophthalmology Case... Mar 2018To report a case presenting with bitemporal hemianopia due to traumatic chiasmal syndrome after head injury, and to compare the findings with individual case reports...
PURPOSE
To report a case presenting with bitemporal hemianopia due to traumatic chiasmal syndrome after head injury, and to compare the findings with individual case reports published in the literature.
METHODS
A detailed search was made in PubMed, MedIND, Taylor and Francis online and Wiley online library databases for individual case reports of traumatic chiasmal syndrome. All the case reports were read in full and the findings summarized in a table, which included details of the case who presented with bitemporal hemianopia as an index case.
RESULTS
All published cases of traumatic chiasmal syndrome appear to share some common features, such as injury to the frontal bone and fracture of the anterior skull base. Bitemporal hemianopia and visual acuity have a variable presentation, and do not appear to correlate with severity of injury. Isolated bitemporal hemianopia is rare and clinical improvement may or may not occur.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE
Traumatic chiasmal syndrome should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with bitemporal hemianopia after head injury causing frontal and anterior skull base fracture.
PubMed: 29577103
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2018.01.029 -
Ophthalmology Feb 2017
Topics: Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Glioma; Humans; Nerve Fibers; Optic Chiasm; Optic Nerve Neoplasms; Papilledema; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 28126073
DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.07.038 -
Neurology India 2022
Topics: Antitubercular Agents; Ethambutol; Humans; Optic Chiasm; Optic Nerve; Optic Nerve Diseases
PubMed: 36076719
DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.355154 -
Neurosurgery Jan 2023Compression of the anterior visual pathways by sellar and parasellar masses can produce irreversible and devastating visual loss. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a... (Review)
Review
Compression of the anterior visual pathways by sellar and parasellar masses can produce irreversible and devastating visual loss. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive high-resolution ocular imaging modality routinely used in ophthalmology clinics for qualitative and quantitative analysis of optic nerve and retinal structures, including the retinal ganglion cells. By demonstrating structural loss of the retinal ganglion cells whose axons form the optic nerve before decussating in the optic chiasm, OCT imaging of the optic nerve and retina provides an excellent tool for detection and monitoring of compressive optic neuropathies and chiasmopathies due to sellar and parasellar masses. Recent studies have highlighted the role of OCT imaging in the diagnosis, follow-up, and prognostication of the visual outcomes in patients with chiasmal compression. OCT parameters of optic nerve and macular scans such as peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and macular ganglion cell thickness are correlated with the degree of visual loss; additionally, OCT can detect clinically significant optic nerve and chiasmal compression before visual field loss is revealed on automated perimetry. Preoperative values of OCT optic nerve and macular parameters represent a prognostic tool for postoperative visual outcome. This review provides a qualitative analysis of the current applications of OCT imaging of the retina and optic nerve in patients with anterior visual pathway compression from sellar and parasellar masses. We also review the role of new technologies such as OCT-angiography, which could improve the prognostic ability of OCT to predict postoperative visual function.
Topics: Humans; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Optic Nerve Diseases; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Optic Chiasm; Optic Nerve; Vision Disorders
PubMed: 36519859
DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002186 -
Anatomical Science International Mar 2021The chiasmal and subchiasmal surfaces are of critical importance in connection with the performance of surgical procedures owing to the critical blood supply to these...
The chiasmal and subchiasmal surfaces are of critical importance in connection with the performance of surgical procedures owing to the critical blood supply to these areas. Recently, the perforating arteries providing the blood to the optic nerves and chiasm have gained attention as they significantly affect the morbidity from surgical approaches. Intraoperative preservation of these perforating arteries is considered critical to prevent further visual loss. Thirty autopsy specimens, including the optic apparatus, were examined for their perforating arteries feeding the optic chiasm and optic nerves. The optic nerves and chiasmal surfaces were divided into four zones based on the presence and numbers of perforating arteries as anterior superior-posterior superior surfaces and anterior inferior-posterior inferior surfaces. The superior surface of the optic chiasm was supplied by the A1 segments of the bilateral anterior cerebral arteries and by the perforating arteries originating from the anterior communicating artery. On the other hand, the inferior surface of the optic chiasm was fed by the bilateral posterior communicating arteries and by the supraclinoidal segments of the bilateral carotid arteries. We demonstrated the anatomical involvement of a large number of nourishing arteries in feeding the optic apparatus related to the perforating arteries by classifying them into zones based on the surgical approaches, which has been rarely reported in the literature.
Topics: Cadaver; Cerebral Arteries; Circle of Willis; Humans; Optic Chiasm; Optic Nerve
PubMed: 33400249
DOI: 10.1007/s12565-020-00595-3 -
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis Sep 2023Studies have shown that vitamin D plays a crucial role in brain development, brain metabolism and neuroprotection. There is little evidence for the neuroprotective...
Studies have shown that vitamin D plays a crucial role in brain development, brain metabolism and neuroprotection. There is little evidence for the neuroprotective effect of 1, 25‑dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25‑(OH)2D3) on various brain injury models. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotection effect of 1,25‑(OH)2D3 against hyperoxia‑induced brain injury in premature rats. Sprague‑Dawley rats were exposed to 95% oxygen or room air for 24 h and treated with 1,25‑(OH)2D3 or normal saline for 14 consecutive days. The histopathological changes of optic chiasma tissue were observed by hematoxylin‑eosin staining. Immunohistochemistry, qRT‑PCR, and western blot were performed to detect the expression of integrin‑β1 and yes‑associated protein (YAP) in the organization of the optic chiasm. Histopathological sections of optic chiasma showed visible optic nerve swelling, expanded nerve fiber space, uneven staining, obvious oligodendrocyte proliferation and disordered cell arrangement accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration and exudation after 7 days and 14 days of hyperoxia exposure. The hyperoxia group treated with 1,25‑(OH)2D3 were showed improvement of brain injury with reduced inflammatory exudation, uniform nerve fiber staining and less obvious oligodendrocyte proliferation. Immunohistochemical staining, qRT‑PCR and western blot indicated that 1,25‑(OH)2D3 treatment upregulated the expression of integrin‑β1 and YAP in the hyperoxia group on day 7. However, the expression of YAP was significantly increased compared with control group and treatment with 1,25‑(OH)2D3 reduced the expression of YAP in the hyperoxic group on day 14. 1,25‑(OH)2D3 may regulate the expression of integrin‑β1 and YAP to alleviate hyperoxia‑induced brain injury in premature rats.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Calcitriol; Neuroprotective Agents; Hyperoxia; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vitamin D; Brain Injuries; Integrins
PubMed: 37874188
DOI: 10.55782/ane-2023-2435 -
Journal of the Formosan Medical... Jan 2022
Topics: Hemorrhage; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Optic Chiasm
PubMed: 34602317
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.09.012 -
European Journal of Radiology Mar 2024The optic chiasm (OC) is a central structure in the visual pathway and can be visualized in conventional MRI, but no consensus regarding its measurement has been...
PURPOSE
The optic chiasm (OC) is a central structure in the visual pathway and can be visualized in conventional MRI, but no consensus regarding its measurement has been defined. We aim to investigate the most reproducible manual approach to OC measurement and to explore associations of OC with optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters, and automatic brain segmentation (FreeSurfer) in subacute optic neuritis (sON), multiple sclerosis without optic neuritis (MSwoON), and healthy subjects (HS).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We reproduced two previously reported methodologies and implemented a new proposed simplified approach, entitled optic chiasm mean area (OCMA). The intra and inter-rater reliability and reproducibility were assessed through the intraclass correlation (ICC) and Dice similarity (DSC) coefficients. Partial correlations were calculated to gauge the associations between OCMA fraction (OCMA divided by total intracranial volume), brain regional segmentations derived from FreeSurfer, and OCT parameters.
RESULTS
We have analysed 43 sON, 20 MSwoON, and 20 HS. OCMA presented better results for reliability in both intra- and inter-rater analysis (excellent ICC and DSC with over 80% overlap between masks), as compared to the other two approaches. OCMA fraction was associated with OC volume fraction obtained with Freesurfer in all groups, brain parenchymal fraction, and OCT parameters in MSwoON.
CONCLUSIONS
The OCMA is a simplified approach to measure OC atrophy, has a higher reliability than the current approaches and shows association with an automated method. OC-derived measures seem to reflect diffuse neurodegenerative damage, whereas, in patients with subacute ON, it may be associated with local damage.
Topics: Humans; Optic Chiasm; Reproducibility of Results; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Optic Neuritis; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multiple Sclerosis
PubMed: 38290202
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111332