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Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy Feb 2019Oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC and OPSCC) represents an increasing problem in the global public health. Indeed, squamous cell carcinoma is the most... (Review)
Review
Oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC and OPSCC) represents an increasing problem in the global public health. Indeed, squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent malignancy in oral cavity and 1 of the 10 most common cancers worldwide. According to the most recent GLOBOCAN estimate in Europe between 2012 and 2015, there was an overall increasing incidence and mortality for oral cancer, mostly HPV-related in the oropharyngeal region with evidence of significant differences from the prognostic and therapeutic point of view. Areas covered: Until now, the management of the patients is based on classical histologic parameters such as TNM and tumor grading, but new molecular and cell markers have been investigated to improve patients' treatment and survival. Therefore, there is a need for new biomarkers characterizing the cancer diversity, with the consequent possibility of patient stratification for specific treatment. Expert commentary: This review aims to discuss some of the most relevant and novel genetic, epigenetic, and histological prognostic biomarkers in oral cancer, highlighting the main differences between HPV-unrelated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) that may aid in stratifying prognostic subgroups and rationalizing treatment decisions.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasm Grading; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Papillomavirus Infections; Prognosis; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
PubMed: 30582397
DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1561288 -
Clinical & Translational Oncology :... May 2021Head and neck cancers (HNC) are defined as malignant tumours located in the upper aerodigestive tract and represents 5% of oncologic cases in adults in Spain. More than...
Head and neck cancers (HNC) are defined as malignant tumours located in the upper aerodigestive tract and represents 5% of oncologic cases in adults in Spain. More than 90% of these tumours have squamous histology. In an effort to incorporate evidence obtained since 2017 publication, the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) presents an update of the squamous cell HNC diagnosis and treatment guideline. Most relevant diagnostic and therapeutic changes from the last guideline have been updated: introduction of sentinel node biopsy in early oral/oropharyngeal cancer treated with surgery, concomitant radiotherapy with weekly cisplatin 40 mg/m in the adjuvant setting, new approaches for HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer and new treatments with immune-checkpoint inhibitors in recurrent/metastatic disease.
Topics: Alphapapillomavirus; Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant; Cisplatin; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Medical Oncology; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging; Organ Sparing Treatments; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; Societies, Medical; Spain; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
PubMed: 33635468
DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02533-1 -
The Medical Clinics of North America Nov 2014Oral and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is a complex and often relentless malignancy prone to local invasion and dissemination. Despite advances in understanding of the... (Review)
Review
Oral and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is a complex and often relentless malignancy prone to local invasion and dissemination. Despite advances in understanding of the disease and improved therapeutic interventions, it continues to be diagnosed at an advanced stage and the survival rate remains poor. The financial cost of treating OPC may be the highest of all cancers in the United States and survivors often experience major detriments to quality of life. Major risk factors for OPC are tobacco, alcohol, areca nut, and human papillomavirus infection. This article updates medical practitioners on the causes, presentation, diagnosis, and management of OPC.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Areca; Biomarkers; Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Incidence; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Papillomavirus Infections; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Primary Health Care; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Smoking
PubMed: 25443678
DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2014.08.005 -
Current Treatment Options in Oncology Mar 2023Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) incidence has been increasing in recent decades. Treatment of the locally advanced... (Review)
Review
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) incidence has been increasing in recent decades. Treatment of the locally advanced HPV-related OPSCC includes a multidisciplinary approach. Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors is used in the treatment of patients with recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), including HPV-related OPSCC patients. There is increasing knowledge of the role of HPV in the tumor immune microenvironment. Therefore, HPV status of OPSCC plays an essential role in the design of immunotherapy clinical trials in both curative intent and metastatic settings. Moreover, HPV has become a potential therapeutic target, with vaccines and adoptive T-cell therapies being developed against HPV for the treatment of OPSCC. Several novel studies are designed to target HPV in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Thus, HPV-related OPSCC remains a unique subgroup in the immunotherapy era.
Topics: Humans; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Papillomavirus Infections; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Immunotherapy; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 36719604
DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01050-x -
Cancer Radiotherapie : Journal de La... 2022This article reviews the various treatment options, by primary or postoperative external radiotherapy and by brachytherapy for the p16-negative oropharyngeal squamous... (Review)
Review
This article reviews the various treatment options, by primary or postoperative external radiotherapy and by brachytherapy for the p16-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Dose levels, fractionation and association with systemic treatments are presented. The need for neck node dissection post local treatment is discussed, as well as specificities for the management of p16-positive tumours. Guidelines for target volume selection and delineation are thoroughly elaborated. Last, the management by radiotherapy of locoregional recurrences is discussed.
Topics: Brachytherapy; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; Dose Fractionation, Radiation; France; Humans; Induction Chemotherapy; Neck Dissection; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Radiation Oncology; Retreatment; Societies, Medical; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
PubMed: 34953693
DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2021.10.002 -
ORL; Journal For Oto-rhino-laryngology... 2018Transoral robotic surgery has shown significant promise in the management of oropharyngeal cancer since its description in 2007. The oncological efficacy of this... (Review)
Review
Transoral robotic surgery has shown significant promise in the management of oropharyngeal cancer since its description in 2007. The oncological efficacy of this procedure has been proven in several single-centre studies, multicentre collaborative publications and systematic reviews. The rapid take-up of transoral robotic surgery shows greater acceptance by professionals and is associated with a relatively short learning curve. This overview discusses the rationale and principles underlying the use of transoral robotic surgery in primary and recurrent oropharyngeal cancer and the emerging role for this technique in diagnosing the unknown primary site, and summarizes ongoing research in this field.
Topics: Humans; Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures; Robotic Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 30016769
DOI: 10.1159/000489466 -
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of... Feb 2022MR imaging is the modality of choice in the evaluation of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer. Routine postcontrast MR imaging is important for the accurate... (Review)
Review
MR imaging is the modality of choice in the evaluation of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer. Routine postcontrast MR imaging is important for the accurate localization and characterization of the locoregional extension of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers. The anatomy of the oral cavity and oropharynx is complex; accurate interpretation is vital for description of the extension of the masses. Understanding the new changes in the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system. MR imaging is the imaging modality of choice for detection of perineural spread.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mouth; Neoplasm Staging; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms
PubMed: 34802580
DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2021.07.002 -
Recent Results in Cancer Research.... 2017The current TNM staging for oropharyngeal cancer (OSCC) was designed empirically for non-HPV-related disease. Emerging evidence suggests it is unsuited for Human... (Review)
Review
The current TNM staging for oropharyngeal cancer (OSCC) was designed empirically for non-HPV-related disease. Emerging evidence suggests it is unsuited for Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related OSCC. Patients with HPV-positive tumors have improved prognosis, despite presenting at advanced stages. These shortcomings of the current staging system have been identified in single- and multi-institutional trials. Patients with HPV related OSCC typically present with advanced N-stages leading to higher stage groupings. A rarity of stages I and II therefore represents the nature of HPV-related OSCC. Concerning prognosis of the patients, N-category and extracapsular spread seem to be of minor importance, whereas advanced T-stages result in unfavourable outcome. Anatomical staging therefore has been implied into different proposals to prognostic risk classifications in HPV-related disease as an additive compound. Prognostic risk groupings are further enhanced by incorporating non-anatomical factors. To summarize, it can be suggested that the current TNM system alone has little prognostic value in HPV-related OSCC.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasm Staging; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Prognosis
PubMed: 27699534
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43580-0_9 -
Cancer Reports (Hoboken, N.J.) Aug 2021Oral and oropharyngeal cancer are significant health problems. They are both life-threatening conditions usually diagnosed at an advanced stage causing survival rates to... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Oral and oropharyngeal cancer are significant health problems. They are both life-threatening conditions usually diagnosed at an advanced stage causing survival rates to decline.
AIM
To assess and compare practices, knowledge and attitude regarding oral and oropharyngeal cancer between dental and medical practitioners.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of oral and oropharyngeal cancer among dental and medical practitioners at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 360 participants were included in the study using a convenient sampling technique. Participants were approached in their clinics and printed self-administered questionnaire were handed over to them after signing a written consent form. Frequency distribution and Chi-Square test were used for the statistical analysis and the level of significance was set at P value of .05 or less.
RESULTS
A total of 174 participants responded. Assessment of oral and oropharyngeal cancer knowledge between dental practitioners and medical practitioners showed comparable results. Regarding practices, a significant difference was seen between medical practitioners and dental practitioners in determining the duration of intra-oral ulcer to consider urgent referral (P = .006) and in number of referrals made in relation to suspicious oral lesions (P = .002). Moreover, a significant difference (P = .006) was seen between medical practitioners and dental practitioners in determining the duration of intra-oral ulcer to consider urgent referral.
CONCLUSION
Medical and dental practitioners showed areas of differences in practice, attitude and knowledge of oral and oropharyngeal cancer that when addressed would lead to improved survival rates.
Topics: Clinical Competence; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dentists; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; General Practitioners; Humans; Male; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging; Oral Ulcer; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Referral and Consultation; Risk Factors; Saudi Arabia; Survival Rate
PubMed: 33660423
DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1349 -
PET Clinics Apr 2022Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) plays an important role in the staging, treatment planning, treatment response assessment,... (Review)
Review
Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) plays an important role in the staging, treatment planning, treatment response assessment, detecting recurrent disease, and predicting prognosis in patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. PET/CT has advantage especially in the detection of nodal, distant metastatic disease and second primary malignancy. PET/MR provides superior soft tissue contrast while decreasing radiation exposure, which is advantageous in evaluation of the primary tumor.
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Mouth; Neoplasm Staging; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 35256303
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2021.12.005