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Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology May 2022The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of 1.5 T and 3 T MRI on the adhesion between the orthodontic brackets and the teeth by evaluating the...
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of 1.5 T and 3 T MRI on the adhesion between the orthodontic brackets and the teeth by evaluating the microleakage between the enamel, adhesive and brackets interfaces.
METHODS
58 extracted human premolars which were received a standard bracket bonding procedure were randomly divided into three groups; control group ( = 20; no MRI), 1.5 T MRI group ( = 19; 20 min MRI exposure of 1.5 T) and 3 T MRI group ( = 19; 20 min MRI exposure of 3 T). The teeth were kept in distiled water for 2 weeks, and thereafter subjected to 500 thermal cycles. Then, specimens were sealed with nail varnish, stained with 0.5% basic fuchsin for 24 h, sectioned and photographed under a stereomicroscope. Microleakage was scored with regard to the adhesive-enamel and bracket-adhesive interfaces at the occlusal and gingival levels. Statistical analysis was accomplished by Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni-Dunn tests.
RESULTS
All of the groups exhibited statistically similar microleakage scores in the adhesive-enamel interface along occlusal margins (>0.05, = 0.331). The mean microleakage scores along gingival margins in the 3 T MRI group was significantly higher compared to the control group both in the adhesive-enamel and bracket-adhesive interfaces (<0.05, = 0.019 and = 0.020 respectively). The microleakage scores along the gingival margins were also significantly higher than the occlusal margins in the 3 T MRI group (<0.05, = 0.029).
CONCLUSIONS
3 T MRI may weaken the adhesion between the enamel and the stainless steel orthodontic brackets.
Topics: Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Leakage; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Materials Testing; Orthodontic Brackets; Resin Cements
PubMed: 35113678
DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20210512 -
Microscopy Research and Technique May 2022Several mechanical and biological factors may change the orthodontic wire frictional resistance (FR). Titanium dioxide (TiO ) and silica dioxide (SiO ) nanoparticle (NP)...
Several mechanical and biological factors may change the orthodontic wire frictional resistance (FR). Titanium dioxide (TiO ) and silica dioxide (SiO ) nanoparticle (NP) coatings may be used to improve the characteristics of materials, reducing FR between archwire and bracket. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the FR of orthodontic wires with and without coating in both dry and wet environments and measure the surface roughness (SR). One hundred and eighty segments of rectangular Cr-Ni orthodontic wires (Morelli Co, Brazil) were divided into three groups according to the NP coating applied: TiO group; SiO group; and control group. The SR parameters were measured in an optical profilometer, the surface morphology was analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and FR was performed in a universal testing machine in dry and wet environments (n = 30). The statistical analysis was performed using the Generalized Estimated Equations model with a Bonferroni post-test (α = 0.05). It was observed that SiO NP coating decreased FR significantly when compared to the TiO and control groups, in both environments (p < .001). The SiO and TiO groups presented statistically lower SR than the control group and were similar to each other (p < .001). The SiO group presented the lower depth of Valley parameter than the TiO group (p < .001). The SEM showed that the TiO coating had the most heterogeneous surface morphology than the SiO and control groups. The orthodontic wires with NP coating modified the FR and morphology. The SiO coating reduced FR in both dry and wet environments and decreased SR. Titanium dioxide (TiO ) and silica dioxide (SiO ) nanoparticles coatings may be used to reduce frictional resistance (FR) between archwire and bracket as well as to improve surface morphology. The SiO coating reduced FR in both dry and wet environments and decreased the SR of Cr-Ni orthodontic wire. The TiO coating promoted the most heterogeneous surface morphology of Cr-Ni orthodontic wire.
Topics: Dental Alloys; Friction; Materials Testing; Nanoparticles; Orthodontic Brackets; Orthodontic Wires; Silicon Dioxide; Surface Properties; Titanium
PubMed: 34997799
DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24049 -
BMC Oral Health May 2019To examine: (I) the current evidence of the impact of fixed orthodontic appliances on the development of halitosis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, and (II)...
OBJECTIVE
To examine: (I) the current evidence of the impact of fixed orthodontic appliances on the development of halitosis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, and (II) the influence of different orthodontic bracket systems on halitosis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) were searched prior to March 15, 2018. The review was systematically conducted and reported according to the Cochrane Handbook and the PRISMA statement. Only Randomised Clinical Trials (RCTs) were considered. Selected full-text papers were independently assessed by four investigators and any disagreements were resolved by consensus. The Cochrane Handbook was used to grade the risk of bias and the quality of evidence was rated according to GRADE.
RESULTS
Out of 363 identified studies, three RCTs on halitosis and fixed orthodontic appliances met the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias in the three studies was rated as high and the quality of evidence was rated as very low.
CONCLUSIONS/CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
There is a lack of scientific evidence that subjects with fixed orthodontic appliances develop halitosis during treatment. Additional well-conducted RCTs with extended periods of assessment are needed as well as consensus concerning cut-off values for the diagnosis of halitosis.
Topics: Halitosis; Humans; Orthodontic Appliances; Orthodontic Appliances, Fixed; Orthodontic Brackets; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 31046726
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0761-1 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Nov 2022The assessment of whether different orthodontic pliers used in bracket debonding have different effects on pain and sensitivity experience.
OBJECTIVES
The assessment of whether different orthodontic pliers used in bracket debonding have different effects on pain and sensitivity experience.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty-three patients (17 females, 16 males) with metal brackets were included in the study. Compressed air and freshly melted ice water were applied to each tooth (6-6) in upper and lower arch before bracket debonding (T0), just after debonding (T1), and 1 week after debonding (T2). Bracket remover plier (BRP) and Weingart plier (WP) were used to debond brackets. A numeric rating scale (NRS) was used to assess sensitivity for each tooth at T0, T1, and T2. Tooth pain was assessed for each tooth using NRS during bracket debonding.
RESULTS
Statistically higher pain scores were found in teeth U4 (upper first premolar) (p = 0.017) and L6 (lower first molar) (p = 0.026) in Weingart plier group. No statistically significant difference was found during debonding in the other teeth between groups. Statistically high sensitivity score was found at T1 time point in tooth U3 (upper canine) by applying air stimulus in Weingart plier group (p = 0.024). There was no statistically significant difference between the sensitivity scores measured at T2 time point by applying air and cold stimuli between groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Although the debonding pain scores were statistically significant in two teeth and the sensitivity score in one tooth, there was no clinical significance between the two pliers in terms of pain and sensitivity.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Both debonding pliers gave clinically similar results in terms of pain and sensitivity.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Dental Debonding; Orthodontic Brackets; Prospective Studies; Ceramics; Bicuspid; Pain
PubMed: 35776201
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04604-9 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Jun 2022The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with riboflavin and curcumin on the shear bond strength (SBS) of the...
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with riboflavin and curcumin on the shear bond strength (SBS) of the orthodontic brackets.
METHOD AND MATERIAL
A total of 45 human premolar teeth were used in this study. All teeth were examined under a stereomicroscope. The samples were divided into 3 groups including no intervention (control group), aPDT with riboflavin and 460 nm LED and aPDT with curcumin and 460 nm LED. After aPDT procedure, orthodontic brackets were bonded to enamel surfaces. Then, the samples were thermocycled for 3000 cycles. The brackets were then debonded using a universal testing machine. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) score was assessed. ANOVA with Post-hoc test was used to compare the SBS values between groups.
RESULTS
The highest SBS mean value was presented in curcumin group (25.95±3.68) whereas, the lowest SBS mean value was observed in riboflavin group (22.19±4.73). The mode of failure was mostly score 1 and score 2 in all groups. There was no significant difference in SBS values and ARI score between groups. Scanning electron microscope images of the curcumin and control groups showed the honey comb structure, while the microscopic view of the riboflavin group lacked this structure and had less porosity and irregularity after etching.
CONCLUSION
Riboflavin and curcumin mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy both have acceptable bond strength of the orthodontic brackets and can be used before bonding to reduce inflammation and elimination of microbial biofilms.
Topics: Adhesives; Anti-Infective Agents; Curcumin; Humans; Materials Testing; Orthodontic Brackets; Photochemotherapy; Riboflavin
PubMed: 35231617
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102787 -
Journal of Clinical Orthodontics : JCO May 2024
Topics: Humans; Orthodontic Brackets; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Tooth Movement Techniques
PubMed: 38917045
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Oral Health Oct 2020Conventional brackets are often used during orthodontic therapy of patients with malocclusion. The complex construction of such brackets greatly inhibits oral hygiene,...
BACKGROUND
Conventional brackets are often used during orthodontic therapy of patients with malocclusion. The complex construction of such brackets greatly inhibits oral hygiene, which predisposes to increased carriage of microbiota. Orthodontic brackets could act as reservoir of yeast and predispose to oral candidosis. The aim of this study was to assess Candida prevalence and the role of oral hygiene during fixed appliance therapy. A further aim was to characterize the isolated yeasts according to their ability to form biofilms.
METHODS
Seventeen participants (average age 17 ± 7 years) were monitored by taking oral rinses and elastomeric ligature samples, and by evaluating the approximal plaque index (API) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) before and after placement of the orthodontic conventional brackets for 12 weeks. Isolated yeasts were counted and biofilm formation was evaluated.
RESULTS
One hundred and sixteen samples (67 oral rinses and 49 orthodontic elastomers) were collected. Ten patients (58.8% subjects) were Candida-carriers (two were colonized after bracket placement) and C. albicans was the most common species. The average number of yeasts in the oral cavity showed some fluctuation during the study, but in general had an upward trend (adj. R2 = 0.7967, p = 0.07025). A correlation was found between median number of yeasts and the periodontal indices (API, GBI). The average API values decreased in the Candida-carriers (adj. R = 0.95; p = 0.01709), while average GBI values increased in the noncarriers (adj. R = 0.92; p = 0.0256).
CONCLUSIONS
Treatment with orthodontic appliances promotes Candida yeast colonization, which is variable over time in terms of strain and species, with dominance of C. albicans, and without increased biofilm-forming activity. The API value decreases over time in carriers, and the GBI value increases in uncolonized patients, which may have predictive significance for the development of oral candidiasis during orthodontic treatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Candida; Child; Dental Plaque Index; Humans; Oral Hygiene; Orthodontic Brackets; Periodontal Index; Prevalence; Young Adult
PubMed: 33036600
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01267-4 -
Journal of Applied Oral Science :... 2021Pain is a problem during bracket removal, and more comfortable treatment is needed. This study examined the association of pain with the removal force required for...
OBJECTIVE
Pain is a problem during bracket removal, and more comfortable treatment is needed. This study examined the association of pain with the removal force required for ceramic brackets, compared with metal and plastic brackets, to determine which removal method resulted in less pain and discomfort.
METHODOLOGY
81 subjects (mean age, 25.1 years; 25 males and 56 females) were enrolled, from whom 1,235 brackets (407 ceramic, 432 plastic, and 396 metal) were removed. Measured teeth were distinguished at six segments. Pain was measured with a visual analogue scale (VAS) during the removal of each bracket. An additional grip was placed on the grips of debonding pliers with right-angled beaks; a mini loading cell sensor pinched by the grips was used to measure removal force during debonding. VAS and force values were statistically analyzed. The Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction were performed for multiple comparisons; multiple regression analysis was also performed.
RESULTS
Forces in the upper and lower anterior segments were significantly smaller (p<0.05) than those in the other segments. Pain tended to be greater in the upper and lower anterior segments than in the posterior segments. In all segments, the removal force was greater for metal brackets than for plastic or ceramic brackets. Ceramic brackets caused significantly greater pain than plastic brackets for the upper and lower anterior segments. Debonding force was involved in the brackets, following adjustments for pain, upper left segment, age, and sex.
CONCLUSIONS
Pain and discomfort are likely to occur during bracket debonding.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Ceramics; Dental Debonding; Humans; Orthodontic Brackets; Pain
PubMed: 34320118
DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0879 -
International Orthodontics Jun 2023The differentiation of resin remnants from enamel is a critical factor to minimize enamel damage after bracket debonding. This study was conducted to produce, and...
Introducing and assessing the efficacy of a novel method to reduce enamel damage after orthodontic bracket removal using two herbal-based resin colouring agents: An in vitro study.
PURPOSE
The differentiation of resin remnants from enamel is a critical factor to minimize enamel damage after bracket debonding. This study was conducted to produce, and ascertain the efficacy of two colouring agents in minimizing enamel loss, adhesive and bonding remnants, and surface roughness after debonding.
METHODS
Two dyes containing annatto (orange colour) and curcumin (yellow colour) were produced. Seventy-two maxillary premolars were divided into three groups. After bracket bonding and debonding, the adhesive remnant was removed with a fine diamond bur. In groups 1 and 2, the orange and yellow dyes were utilized during the removal process, respectively. In group 3 (control) adhesive was removed with no colouring agent. The buccolingual dimension of the teeth was measured at the occlusal, middle, and apical areas, before bonding and after clean-up. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) and bonding remnant index (BRI) scores were recorded and the surface roughness parameters were measured. Data were analysed by ANOVA, Tukey, and Fisher's exact tests (α=0.05).
RESULTS
Enamel loss was significantly lower in the groups cleaned by the use of colouring agents than that of the control group (P<0.05). No bonding agent was observed when the dyes were used, whereas 65% of teeth in the control group showed the remaining bonding material (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in ARI scores or surface roughness alterations among the study groups (P>0.05).
CONCLUSION
The two dyes produced in this study were effective in enhancing the visibility of residual resin materials and minimizing enamel loss during the clean-up process.
Topics: Humans; Orthodontic Brackets; Dental Enamel; Resin Cements; Composite Resins; Coloring Agents; Surface Properties; Dental Bonding
PubMed: 36857845
DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2023.100744 -
Journal of Orthodontics Dec 2018The purpose of this study was to assess enamel gloss changes induced by orthodontic bracket bonding with a light-cured composite or a light-cured resin-reinforced glass...
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to assess enamel gloss changes induced by orthodontic bracket bonding with a light-cured composite or a light-cured resin-reinforced glass ionomer cement.
SETTING
The Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
DESIGN
Laboratory study.
METHODS
A total of twenty extracted upper human first premolars were included in this study and each tooth served as a control for itself. Their buccal surfaces were subjected to 60-angle gloss measurement (G%60) with a standardized and secure repeated analysis of the same site. After baseline evaluation, a bracket was bonded on the buccal surface of each tooth. Half of the specimens were bonded with acid-etching and a light-cured composite whereas the other half with a light-cured resin-reinforced glass ionomer cement without prior enamel conditioning. Gloss measurements were repeated after bracket debonding and removal of the composite/glass ionomer cement with an 18-fluted carbide bur. Gloss differences between the two measurement conditions (baseline and post-debonding) were analyzed through linear regression with standard errors derived using the bootstrap method. Level of significance was set at a < 0.05.
RESULTS
A statistically significant difference was detected between the tested groups for the outcome of interest. Teeth bonded with light-cured composite exhibited larger enamel gloss changes as compared to resin-reinforced glass ionomer cement (β = 0.74; 95% CIs: 0.10, 1.38; p = 0.02).
CONCLUSIONS
Bracket bonding with two common bonding protocols (acid-etching with a light-cured composite vs. no etching with resin reinforced glass-ionomer cement) and subsequently debonding and adhesive removal with an 18-fluted carbide bur induced enamel gloss changes.
Topics: Acrylic Resins; Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Enamel; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Materials Testing; Orthodontic Brackets; Resin Cements; Surface Properties
PubMed: 30392447
DOI: 10.1080/14653125.2018.1542266