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The Angle Orthodontist Jul 2015To measure the slot dimensions of an entire series of metal orthodontic brackets.
OBJECTIVE
To measure the slot dimensions of an entire series of metal orthodontic brackets.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ten bracket series approximating five complete sets of brackets each were imaged and measured. Descriptive statistics were generated.
RESULTS
Slot dimension varied significantly from series to series as well as within the series themselves. About one-third of the brackets would not accommodate a full-size wire, and 15% to 20% are 0.001 inches or larger than the nominal advertised size.
CONCLUSION
The clinician is unlikely to have on hand complete sets (upper and lower 5-5) of ideal brackets and should both expect and be able to be accommodate tooth movement through wire bending in three planes of space to overcome any bracket deficiencies.
Topics: Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Materials Testing; Microscopy; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Brackets; Orthodontic Wires; Surface Properties
PubMed: 25264581
DOI: 10.2319/042814-307.1 -
L' Orthodontie Francaise Sep 2014The presence of enamel cracks is not only due to the removal process. It is all the stages before that we need to consider. 1. The presence of risks factors before the... (Review)
Review
The presence of enamel cracks is not only due to the removal process. It is all the stages before that we need to consider. 1. The presence of risks factors before the treatment (cracks, trauma...) have to be explained to the patient and recorded. 2. The choice of bracket placement: the buccal side is responsible for less cracks than the lingual one. 3. Ceramic brackets need higher debonding forces than metal ones; metal reinforced orthodontic ceramic brackets could be an interesting approach. 4. CVIMR could be better than classic bonds. 5. In case of multiple rebondings, it is better not to etch enamel again but only to level the resin left on tooth surface. 6. Alternatives to removing brackets by pliers are studied, especially for the removal of ceramic brackets to thwart the high debonding force problem : heat, laser...
Topics: Dental Debonding; Dental Enamel; Dental Materials; Humans; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Brackets; Risk Factors; Stress, Mechanical
PubMed: 25158747
DOI: 10.1051/orthodfr/2014017 -
Lasers in Medical Science May 2018Several techniques have been proposed to obtain a durable bond, and the efficacy of these techniques is assessed by measuring parameters such as bond strength. Laser has... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Several techniques have been proposed to obtain a durable bond, and the efficacy of these techniques is assessed by measuring parameters such as bond strength. Laser has provided a bond strength as high as that of acid etching in vitro and has simpler use with shorter clinical time compared to acid etching. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers for etching and bonding of composite to orthodontic brackets. No previous study has evaluated the effect of these particular types of laser. A total of 70 composite blocks were randomly divided into five groups (n = 14): group 1, etching with phosphoric acid for 20 s; group 2, Er:YAG laser irradiation with 2 W power for 10 s; group 3, Er:YAG laser with 3 W power for 10 s; group 4, Er,Cr:YSGG laser with 2 W power for 10 s; group 5, Er,Cr:YSGG laser with 3 W power for 10 s. Metal brackets were then bonded to composites, and after 5000 thermal cycles, they were subjected to shear bond strength test in a universal testing machine after 24 h of water storage. One sample of each group was evaluated under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to assess changes in composite surface after etching. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was calculated under a stereomicroscope. Data were statistically analyzed. The mean and standard deviation of shear bond strength were 18.65 ± 3.36, 19.68 ± 5.34, 21.31 ± 4.03, 17.38 ± 6.94, and 16.45 ± 4.26 MPa in groups 1-5, respectively. The ARI scores showed that the bond failure mode in all groups was mainly mixed. The groups were not significantly different in terms of shear bond strength. Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers with the mentioned parameters yield optimal shear bond strength and can be used as an alternative to acid etching for bracket bond to composite.
Topics: Dental Bonding; Dental Etching; Humans; Lasers, Solid-State; Orthodontic Brackets; Phosphoric Acids; Shear Strength; Surface Properties
PubMed: 29327089
DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2417-1 -
European Journal of Orthodontics Apr 2017The focus of the presented study was to investigate the effect of buccal-lingual (B-L) orthodontic bracket slot dimension on third-order torque mechanics.
INTRODUCTION
The focus of the presented study was to investigate the effect of buccal-lingual (B-L) orthodontic bracket slot dimension on third-order torque mechanics.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Three types of orthodontic brackets and two archwire sizes were considered. Ortho Classic H4 (0.026″ B-L slot, passive), Ormco Damon Q (0.028″ B-L slot, passive), and In-Ovation R (0.028″ slot, active) brackets were tested using 0.017″ × 0.025″ and 0.019″ × 0.025″ beta-titanium archwires. An in vitro orthodontic torque simulator (OTS) was used to rotate archwires relative to a single bracket while recording forces and moments in three directions. For each bracket-archwire combination, a total of n = 47 samples were tested. Repeated measures analysis of variance between brackets was conducted for third-order torque values at 3° increments between 9° and 30° during loading and unloading for each archwire size.
RESULTS
Statistically significant differences between H4 and Q brackets were only found for 0.017″ × 0.025″ archwires during loading, and 0.019″ × 0.025″ archwires during unloading. Conversely, differences between H4 and R brackets were found for both archwires during loading and unloading phases. Finally, when using a 0.017″ × 0.025″ archwire the H4 brackets reached the 5 Nmm threshold before R and Q brackets; however, there was little difference found when using a 0.019″ × 0.025″ archwire.
CONCLUSIONS
The concept of using a smaller B-L bracket slot dimension in orthodontic treatment showed it may theoretically allow for more options, primarily using smaller archwires to correct third-order rotational misalignments. However, it is suspected that bracket material limitations and added loading on the door currently prevent this from being clinically applicable.
Topics: Dental Stress Analysis; Humans; Materials Testing; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Brackets; Orthodontic Wires; Stainless Steel; Titanium; Torque
PubMed: 27259532
DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjw043 -
Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research Dec 2023To investigate the effect of printing material and air abrasion of bracket pads on the shear bond strength of 3D-printed plastic orthodontic brackets when bonded to the...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of printing material and air abrasion of bracket pads on the shear bond strength of 3D-printed plastic orthodontic brackets when bonded to the enamel of extracted human teeth.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Premolar brackets were 3D-printed using the design of a commercially available plastic bracket in two biocompatible resins: Dental LT Resin and Dental SG Resin (n = 40/material). 3D-printed brackets and commercially manufactured plastic brackets were divided into two groups (n = 20/group), one of which was air abraded. All brackets were bonded to extracted human premolars, and shear bond strength tests were performed. The failure types of each sample were classified using a 5-category modified adhesive remnant index (ARI) scoring system.
RESULTS
Bracket material and bracket pad surface treatment presented statistically significant effects for shear bond strengths, and a significant interaction effect between bracket material and bracket pad surface treatment was observed. The non-air abraded (NAA) SG group (8.87 ± 0.64 MPa) had a statistically significantly lower shear bond strength than the air abraded (AA) SG group (12.09 ± 1.23 MPa). In the manufactured brackets and LT Resin groups, the NAA and AA groups were not statistically significantly different within each resin. A significant effect of bracket material and bracket pad surface treatment on ARI score was observed, but no significant interaction effect between bracket material and pad treatment was found.
CONCLUSION
3D-printed orthodontic brackets presented clinically sufficient shear bond strengths both with and without AA prior to bonding. The effect of bracket pad AA on shear bond strength depends on the bracket material.
Topics: Humans; Surface Properties; Dental Bonding; Orthodontic Brackets; Air Abrasion, Dental; Shear Strength; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Materials Testing; Resin Cements; Dental Stress Analysis
PubMed: 37102401
DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12667 -
Journal of Orthodontics Dec 2018The purpose of this study was to assess enamel gloss changes induced by orthodontic bracket bonding with a light-cured composite or a light-cured resin-reinforced glass...
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to assess enamel gloss changes induced by orthodontic bracket bonding with a light-cured composite or a light-cured resin-reinforced glass ionomer cement.
SETTING
The Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
DESIGN
Laboratory study.
METHODS
A total of twenty extracted upper human first premolars were included in this study and each tooth served as a control for itself. Their buccal surfaces were subjected to 60-angle gloss measurement (G%60) with a standardized and secure repeated analysis of the same site. After baseline evaluation, a bracket was bonded on the buccal surface of each tooth. Half of the specimens were bonded with acid-etching and a light-cured composite whereas the other half with a light-cured resin-reinforced glass ionomer cement without prior enamel conditioning. Gloss measurements were repeated after bracket debonding and removal of the composite/glass ionomer cement with an 18-fluted carbide bur. Gloss differences between the two measurement conditions (baseline and post-debonding) were analyzed through linear regression with standard errors derived using the bootstrap method. Level of significance was set at a < 0.05.
RESULTS
A statistically significant difference was detected between the tested groups for the outcome of interest. Teeth bonded with light-cured composite exhibited larger enamel gloss changes as compared to resin-reinforced glass ionomer cement (β = 0.74; 95% CIs: 0.10, 1.38; p = 0.02).
CONCLUSIONS
Bracket bonding with two common bonding protocols (acid-etching with a light-cured composite vs. no etching with resin reinforced glass-ionomer cement) and subsequently debonding and adhesive removal with an 18-fluted carbide bur induced enamel gloss changes.
Topics: Acrylic Resins; Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Enamel; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Materials Testing; Orthodontic Brackets; Resin Cements; Surface Properties
PubMed: 30392447
DOI: 10.1080/14653125.2018.1542266 -
Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics =... Mar 2017In orthodontic treatment, the effects of differences in the design between active and passive self-ligating bracket (ASLB and PSLB, respectively) are usually neglected.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
In orthodontic treatment, the effects of differences in the design between active and passive self-ligating bracket (ASLB and PSLB, respectively) are usually neglected. This study investigated differences in effectiveness and efficiency between ASLBs and PSLBs.
METHODS
To identify randomized, controlled clinical trials (RCTs) comparing ASLB with PSLB, the electronic databases Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese Medical Journal Database were searched without language or time limits. Relevant available dental journals and reference lists from included studies were manually searched for applicable reports. Meta-analyses were conducted with the Review Manager program. Two independent reviewers performed all search processes; disagreements were discussed with a third reviewer.
RESULTS
Eight studies were included in the systematic review, of which six were included in the meta-analysis due to the data consistency. Three had a low risk of bias, four had an unclear risk of bias, and one had a high risk of bias. With regard to alignment efficiency, meta-analysis favors ASLB [mean difference (MD) -10.24 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) -17.68 to -2.80]. However, the same analysis does not favor either design in terms of width change due to treatment for intercanine (MD -0.49 mm, 95% CI -1.10 to 0.13 mm) interfirst premolar (MD -0.07 mm, 95% CI -0.69, 0.56 mm) intersecond premolar (MD -0.58 mm, 95% CI -1.25 to 0.08 mm) and intermolar (MD 0.10 mm, 95% CI -0.82 to 1.02 mm) width.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on current clinical evidence from RCTs, ASLB appears to be more efficient for alignment, while neither design shows an advantage for width change. Further research is needed to confirm present results.
Topics: Adolescent; Dental Prosthesis Design; Evidence-Based Medicine; Female; Humans; Male; Malocclusion; Orthodontic Brackets; Prevalence; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Factors; Tooth Movement Techniques; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28224175
DOI: 10.1007/s00056-016-0059-8 -
Progress in Orthodontics Sep 2020The loss of third-order information in pre-adjusted brackets due to torsional play is a problem in clinical orthodontics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the...
BACKGROUND
The loss of third-order information in pre-adjusted brackets due to torsional play is a problem in clinical orthodontics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of slot height, archwire height, width and edge bevel's radius on the torsional play for three brackets/archwire systems.
METHODS
Ninety brackets with a 0.022 × 0.028 in. slot with McLaughlin-Bennett-Trevisi prescription from three different manufacturers were selected, and the slot's height and depth were measured using a profile projector. Sixty stainless-steel rectangular archwires from three different manufacturers were sectioned and observed with a SEM to measure their height, width, and radius of edge bevel. The recorded data were used to calculate the theoretical torsional play between different slot-archwire combinations. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the measurements within different bracket types and among different manufacturers.
RESULTS
Slot height was usually oversized. Archwire's height was usually undersized, but oversized wires were also observed. The radius edge bevel was the most variable parameter. A certain degree of torsional play is always present that differs from one bracket type to another of the same producer and that can even be doubled from one manufacturer to another.
CONCLUSIONS
Due to production tolerance, differences between the nominal values and the real dimensions of any components of a slot/archwire system are common. This results in a torsional play that limits torque expression. The archwire's edge bevel plays an important role in torque expression, and clearer information should be provided by the manufacturers regarding this aspect.
Topics: Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Brackets; Orthodontic Wires; Stainless Steel; Torque
PubMed: 32924097
DOI: 10.1186/s40510-020-00333-5 -
International Orthodontics Jun 2019The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with orthodontic bracket bond failure and to develop a prediction equation for orthodontic bracket...
The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with orthodontic bracket bond failure and to develop a prediction equation for orthodontic bracket bond failure rate using the risk factors. This was a retrospective cohort study conducted on a sample of 690 brackets in orthodontic patients aged 10 to 28 years old (mean age 17.97±5.11 years old) visiting a dental hospital. The effect of various parameters of orthodontic bond strength was assessed on bracket failure rate using survival analysis. Parametric (exponential) regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors associated with bracket failure and a prediction equation was formulated to predict the bracket failure rate. The overall mean survival time for the brackets was 3.04 (2.9-3.17) years. The univariate analysis showed a statistically significant (P<0.05) association of bracket material, site, overjet, overbite, incisor and molar classification and age. The multivariate analysis showed a significant interaction between site and side along with bracket material, jaw, overjet and overbite in the model. The risk of bracket failure on the right posterior region is 7.7 times that in the right anterior region when adjusted for all other variables in the model (HR: 7.7; 95% CI: 4.3-13.6). The model including bracket material, jaw, overjet, overbite and interaction between site and side can be used as a predictor of hazard rate for orthodontic bracket failure. Care should be taken in bonding brackets in the posterior region, as their debonding rate is higher as compared to anterior region.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Dental Bonding; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Equipment Failure; Female; Humans; Incisor; Male; Materials Testing; Molar; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Brackets; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Shear Strength; Stress, Mechanical; Young Adult
PubMed: 30987959
DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2019.03.002 -
American Journal of Orthodontics and... Nov 2018A new flash-free adhesive promises to eliminate the flash removal step in bonding and to reduce bonding time by as much as 40% per bracket, with a bond failure rate of... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Comparative assessment of bonding time and 1-year bracket survival using flash-free and conventional adhesives for orthodontic bracket bonding: A split-mouth randomized controlled clinical trial.
INTRODUCTION
A new flash-free adhesive promises to eliminate the flash removal step in bonding and to reduce bonding time by as much as 40% per bracket, with a bond failure rate of less than 2%. The aim of this trial was to compare bonding time and bracket failure rate over a 1-year period between the flash-free adhesive and a conventional adhesive for orthodontic bracket bonding.
METHODS
Forty-five consecutive patients had their maxillary incisors, canines, and premolars bonded with ceramic brackets (Clarity Advanced; 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) using a flash-free adhesive (APC Flash-Free Adhesive Appliance System; 3M Unitek) on 1 side and a conventional adhesive (APCII Adhesive Appliance System; 3M Unitek) on the other side. The side allocation was randomized. Bonding was timed to the nearest second. Bond failure was recorded at standardized intervals of 4 weeks. The primary outcome was bonding time (average per tooth for each patient and per quadrant). Secondary outcomes were bracket failure rate within 1 year, time to first-time failure of a bracket, and bond failure type (adhesive remnant index score). Bonding times and adhesive remnant index scores upon bond failure were compared using paired t tests, with P <0.05 considered statistically significant. The adhesives were considered equivalent if the confidence interval for the difference between bracket failure rates fell within a margin of equivalence of ±5%.
RESULTS
The bonding times were significantly shorter with the flash-free adhesive than with the conventional adhesive, both per tooth (P <0.001) and per quadrant (P <0.001). Compared with the conventional adhesive, the average bonding times per tooth and per quadrant with the flash-free adhesive were 37.3% and 32.9% shorter, respectively. The bracket failure rates at 1 year were 3.7% for the flash-free adhesive and 0.9% for the conventional adhesive. This was statistically equivalent. The average times to first-time failure of a bracket were 25 weeks for the flash-free adhesive and 11 weeks for the conventional adhesive. Although there were no significant differences in the adhesive remnant index scores upon failure (P >0.05), the flash-free adhesive tended to fail more often at the enamel-adhesive interface than did the conventional adhesive.
CONCLUSIONS
The use of the flash-free adhesive may result in bonding time savings of approximately one third compared with the conventional adhesive. With regard to bracket survival, a statistically significant difference was not found between the 2 adhesives when ceramic brackets were bonded.
REGISTRATION
This trial was registered on December 3, 2013 (ClinicalTrials.gov ID, NCT02030002).
PROTOCOL
The protocol was not published before trial commencement.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ceramics; Child; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Female; Humans; Male; Materials Testing; Orthodontic Brackets; Time Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 30384932
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.05.012