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Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and... Dec 2019Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major health issues in the world presently with high tendency of leading to hepatocarcinoma, cirrhosis and liver cancer,... (Review)
Review
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major health issues in the world presently with high tendency of leading to hepatocarcinoma, cirrhosis and liver cancer, especially if not properly managed. It has been estimated that there are about 2 billion people with a serological profile of HBV infection, and 360 million patients worldwide living with chronic HBV-associated liver disease, hence the need to find an efficient and precise diagnosis technique to drive a robust treatment for Hepatitis B virus cannot be over emphasized. The emergence of analytical device like biosensor which combines biological and physicochemical element to detect HBV in screened samples has been very helpful in providing a timely intervention to tame this virus. This review focuses on the current state of biosensor researches with respect to various in-depth application of gold nanoparticle for the detection of HBV.
Topics: Biosensing Techniques; Gold; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Hepatitis B virus; Humans; Metal Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology
PubMed: 30686057
DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1546185 -
Acta Virologica 2020Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) often leads to development of chronic liver disease. In fact, 10% of infected adults and almost 90% of infected infants develop... (Review)
Review
Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) often leads to development of chronic liver disease. In fact, 10% of infected adults and almost 90% of infected infants develop chronic hepatitis B associated with severe liver diseases, including acute liver failure, liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. At present there is no effective cure for chronic hepatitis B. The current treatment of chronically infected patients is long-term, expensive and relies on treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogs in combination with immune therapies, that frequently lead to adverse side effects. Recently, the National Institute of Health proposed strategic plan for Trans-NIH research to cure hepatitis B. The key priority is better understanding of HBV life cycle and its interactions with host cell. Due to the fact that HBV is a small double stranded DNA virus encoding only a limited number of proteins, HBV replication widely relies on host cell pathways and proteins. As demonstrated by numerous reports, HBV core protein (HBc) which is the main component of viral nucleocapsid, plays multiple roles in HBV life cycle and is engaged in many protein interaction networks of the host cell. Several recent studies have shown that HBV proteins can be modified by different types of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) that affect their protein-protein interactions, subcellular localization and function. In this review, we discuss diverse PTMs of HBc and their role in regulation of HBc function in the context of HBV replication and pathogenesis. Keywords: hepatitis B virus; posttranslational modifications; HBV core protein; phosphorylation; ubiquitination; arginine methylation.
Topics: Hepatitis B Core Antigens; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Protein Processing, Post-Translational
PubMed: 32551786
DOI: 10.4149/av_2020_207 -
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine May 2020Functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) develops secondary to annular dilation and leaflet tethering as a result of right ventricular remodeling. Invasive surgery for...
Functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) develops secondary to annular dilation and leaflet tethering as a result of right ventricular remodeling. Invasive surgery for isolated TR is rarely performed due to high inpatient mortality. Transcatheter tricuspid valve intervention is an appealing solution but is challenging as crucial structures are closely related to the tricuspid valve, and intracardiac devices pose further challenges to device delivery and implantation.
Topics: Feasibility Studies; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; Hepatitis B virus; Humans; Tricuspid Valve; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency
PubMed: 32349969
DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.87.s1.01 -
Zeitschrift Fur Gastroenterologie Jul 2021
Topics: Gastroenterology; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B virus; Humans; Metabolic Diseases
PubMed: 34255314
DOI: 10.1055/a-1498-2680 -
Zeitschrift Fur Gastroenterologie Jul 2021
Topics: Gastroenterology; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B virus; Humans; Metabolic Diseases
PubMed: 34255313
DOI: 10.1055/a-1498-2706 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2020Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major human pathogen lacking a reliable curative therapy. Current therapeutics target the viral reverse transcriptase/DNA polymerase to... (Review)
Review
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major human pathogen lacking a reliable curative therapy. Current therapeutics target the viral reverse transcriptase/DNA polymerase to inhibit viral replication but generally fail to resolve chronic HBV infections. Due to the limited coding potential of the HBV genome, alternative approaches for the treatment of chronic infections are desperately needed. An alternative approach to the development of antiviral therapeutics is to target cellular gene products that are critical to the viral life cycle. As transcription of the viral genome is an essential step in the viral life cycle, the selective inhibition of viral RNA synthesis is a possible approach for the development of additional therapeutic modalities that might be used in combination with currently available therapies. To address this possibility, a molecular understanding of the relationship between viral transcription and replication is required. The first step is to identify the transcription factors that are the most critical in controlling the levels of HBV RNA synthesis and to determine their in vivo role in viral biosynthesis. Mapping studies in cell culture utilizing reporter gene constructs permitted the identification of both ubiquitous and liver-enriched transcription factors capable of modulating transcription from the four HBV promoters. However, it was challenging to determine their relative importance for viral biosynthesis in the available human hepatoma replication systems. This technical limitation was addressed, in part, by the development of non-hepatoma HBV replication systems where viral biosynthesis was dependent on complementation with exogenously expressed transcription factors. These systems revealed the importance of specific nuclear receptors and hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 (HNF3)/forkhead box A (FoxA) transcription factors for HBV biosynthesis. Furthermore, using the HBV transgenic mouse model of chronic viral infection, the importance of various nuclear receptors and FoxA isoforms could be established in vivo. The availability of this combination of systems now permits a rational approach toward the development of selective host transcription factor inhibitors. This might permit the development of a new class of therapeutics to aid in the treatment and resolution of chronic HBV infections, which currently affects approximately 1 in 30 individuals worldwide and kills up to a million people annually.
Topics: Animals; DNA, Viral; Hepatitis B virus; Humans; Mice; Transcription, Genetic; Virus Replication
PubMed: 31741333
DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9151-4_3 -
Biosensors & Bioelectronics Dec 2021Classical gold standard HBV detection relies on expensive devices and complicated procedures, thus is always restricted in large-scale hospitals and centers for disease...
Classical gold standard HBV detection relies on expensive devices and complicated procedures, thus is always restricted in large-scale hospitals and centers for disease control and prevention. To extend HBV detection to primary clinics especially in underdeveloped areas, we design amplification-free smartphone-based attomolar HBV detecting technique based on single molecule sensing. Verified by synthesized HBV target DNA, this technique reaches a detection limit at attomolar concentration (100 aM); and verified by 110 clinical samples, it also reaches a rather high sensitivity of 10 copy/mL (≈2000 IU/mL) with a high accuracy of 93.64% certificated by gold standard HBV detecting devices. Besides, this technique can quantify HBV viral load in 70 min only using portable and inexpensive devices as well as simple operations. Because of its cost-effective, field-portable and operable design, highly sensitive and selective detecting capability and wireless data connectivity, this technique can be potentially used in mobile HBV diagnoses and share HBV epidemic information especially in resource limited situations.
Topics: Biosensing Techniques; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Hepatitis B virus; Smartphone; United States; Viral Load
PubMed: 34543826
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113622 -
Seminars in Liver Disease Feb 2019Identification of sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) as an entry receptor for hepatitis B and D viruses (HBV and HDV) has not only promoted our... (Review)
Review
Identification of sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) as an entry receptor for hepatitis B and D viruses (HBV and HDV) has not only promoted our understanding of the mechanism underlying the viral entry process, but also provided cell culture models supporting viral infection. These models have greatly facilitated cell-based chemical screening for the discovery of entry inhibitors, and mode of action studies using such inhibitors have shown the advantages of NTCP as a drug target. Furthermore, in vitro chemical screening by application of high-throughput affinity-based technologies that target NTCP has identified a variety of unique small molecules that interfere with viral entry. This review summarizes this hot topic in the development of HBV/HDV entry inhibitors, with special focus on the use of NTCP as a drug target.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis Delta Virus; Humans; Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent; Symporters; Virus Internalization
PubMed: 30809790
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1676804 -
Journal of Hepatology Apr 2017
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis Delta Virus; Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent; Virus Internalization
PubMed: 27965159
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.11.028 -
Nature Communications Jun 2023Hepatitis B virus (HBV) only infects humans and chimpanzees, posing major challenges for modeling HBV infection and chronic viral hepatitis. The major barrier in...
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) only infects humans and chimpanzees, posing major challenges for modeling HBV infection and chronic viral hepatitis. The major barrier in establishing HBV infection in non-human primates lies at incompatibilities between HBV and simian orthologues of the HBV receptor, sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP). Through mutagenesis analysis and screening among NTCP orthologues from Old World monkeys, New World monkeys and prosimians, we determined key residues responsible for viral binding and internalization, respectively and identified marmosets as a suitable candidate for HBV infection. Primary marmoset hepatocytes and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells support HBV and more efficient woolly monkey HBV (WMHBV) infection. Adapted chimeric HBV genome harboring residues 1-48 of WMHBV preS1 generated here led to a more efficient infection than wild-type HBV in primary and stem cell derived marmoset hepatocytes. Collectively, our data demonstrate that minimal targeted simianization of HBV can break the species barrier in small NHPs, paving the path for an HBV primate model.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Hepatitis B virus; Callithrix; Hepatitis B; Hepatocytes; Virus Attachment; Symporters; Virus Internalization; Hep G2 Cells
PubMed: 37328459
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39148-3