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The American Journal of Clinical... Jan 2017Observational associations between red meat intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are inconsistent. There are limited comprehensive analyses of randomized controlled... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Total red meat intake of ≥0.5 servings/d does not negatively influence cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systemically searched meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
BACKGROUND
Observational associations between red meat intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are inconsistent. There are limited comprehensive analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigate the effects of red meat consumption on CVD risk factors.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this systematically searched meta-analysis was to assess the effects of consuming ≥0.5 or <0.5 servings of total red meat/d on CVD risk factors [blood total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, ratio of TC to HDL cholesterol (TC:HDL), and systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP, respectively)]. We hypothesized that the consumption of ≥0.5 servings of total red meat/d would have a negative effect on these CVD risk factors.
DESIGN
Two researchers independently screened 945 studies from PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases and extracted data from 24 qualified RCTs. Inclusion criteria were 1) RCT, 2) subjects aged ≥19 y, 3) consumption of ≥0.5 or <0.5 total red meat servings/d [35 g (1.25 ounces)], and 4) reporting ≥1 CVD risk factor. We performed an adjusted 2-factor nested ANOVA mixed-effects model procedure on the postintervention values of TC, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, TC:HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, SBP, and DBP; calculated overall effect sizes of change values; and used a repeated-measures ANOVA to assess pre- to postintervention changes.
RESULTS
Red meat intake did not affect lipid-lipoprotein profiles or blood pressure values postintervention (P > 0.05) or changes over time [weighted mean difference (95% CI): -0.01 mmol/L (-0.08, 0.06 mmol/L), 0.02 mmol/L (-0.05, 0.08 mmol/L), 0.03 mmol/L (-0.01, 0.07 mmol/L), and 0.04 mmol/L (-0.02, 0.10 mmol/L); -0.08 mm Hg (-0.26, 0.11 mm Hg); and -1.0 mm Hg (-2.4, 0.78 mm Hg) and 0.1 mm Hg (-1.2, 1.5 mm Hg) for TC, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, TC:HDL cholesterol, SBP, and DBP, respectively]. Among all subjects, TC, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, TC:HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and DBP, but not SBP, decreased over time (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The results from this systematically searched meta-analysis of RCTs support the idea that the consumption of ≥0.5 servings of total red meat/d does not influence blood lipids and lipoproteins or blood pressures.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Red Meat; Risk Factors; Triglycerides; Young Adult
PubMed: 27881394
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.142521 -
The New England Journal of Medicine May 2019
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Communicable Diseases; Heart; Heart Diseases; Humans
PubMed: 31091379
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMe1905678 -
South Dakota Medicine : the Journal of... Oct 2015The purpose of this article is to provide a better understanding of pediatric traumatic brain injury and its management. Within the pediatric age group, ages 1 to 19,...
The purpose of this article is to provide a better understanding of pediatric traumatic brain injury and its management. Within the pediatric age group, ages 1 to 19, injuries are the number one cause of death with traumatic brain injury being involved in almost 50 percent of these cases. This, along with the fact that the medical system spends over $1 billion annually on pediatric traumatic brain injury, makes this issue both timely and relevant to health care providers. Over the course of this article the epidemiology, physiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of pediatric traumatic brain injury will be explored. Emphasis will be placed on the role of the early responder and the immediate interventions that should be considered and/or performed. The management discussed in this article follows the most recent recommendations from the 2012 edition of the Guidelines for the Acute Medical Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Infants, Children, and Adolescents. Despite the focus of this article, it is important not to lose sight of the fact that an ounce of prevention is worth a pound--or, to be more precise and use the average human's brain measurements, just above three pounds--of cure.
Topics: Adolescent; Brain Injuries; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant
PubMed: 26630835
DOI: No ID Found -
Food & Function Feb 2024Osteoporosis, a condition that is characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD), is a serious health concern worldwide. This study aims to explore the relationship...
Osteoporosis, a condition that is characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD), is a serious health concern worldwide. This study aims to explore the relationship between whole egg consumption and BMD levels in the US population. This study involves 19 208 participants with valid BMD and egg consumption data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during 2005-2006, 2007-2008, 2009-2010, 2013-2014 and 2017-2018. Linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between whole egg consumption and BMD levels. Mediation analysis was used to investigate the role of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the above relationship. After multivariate adjustment, participants consuming whole eggs over 3.53 ounce per day in their diet were found to have elevated BMD levels in the femur (0.013 g cm with 95% CI: 0.004, 0.022) and lumbar spine (0.013 g cm with 95% CI: 0.002, 0.024) ( < 0.05). The additive interaction of egg consumption and body mass index (BMI) on the BMD of both the femur and lumbar spine ( < 0.05) was also analyzed. The association between whole egg consumption and BMD of both the femur and lumbar spine were significantly mediated by ALP with 71.8% and 83.3% mediation proportion, respectively. In general, higher whole egg consumption is positively related to an increase in the BMD scores of both the femur and lumbar spine among the US population.
Topics: Humans; Bone Density; Nutrition Surveys; Absorptiometry, Photon; Cross-Sectional Studies; Femur Neck; Lumbar Vertebrae
PubMed: 38206082
DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04248k -
Surgical Infections Aug 2015Modern day burn care continues to wage an uphill battle against an enemy that evolves faster than we can develop weapons. Bacteria (bioburden) are everywhere and can... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Modern day burn care continues to wage an uphill battle against an enemy that evolves faster than we can develop weapons. Bacteria (bioburden) are everywhere and can infiltrate anywhere within our susceptible population of burn patients. This is why prevention of infection is key to improving their survival and outcome.
PURPOSE
To reduce the incidence of infection in the burn patient population.
MATERIALS
Review of pertinent recent literature regarding infection prevention and control in the intensive care unit setting.
RESULTS
We propose that bioburden is one of the central elements in the infectious cycle that is ever-present in burn units. The mechanism of bacterial entry into the unit and subsequent transmission and infection are delineated. Recommendations for mitigating this risk are provided to guide future clinicians in their care of burn patients.
CONCLUSIONS
The treatment of infection and sepsis against highly adaptable bacteria is often insurmountable by ill patients. In this process, bioburden needs to be corralled to have any success. Thus, preventing organisms from entering the unit and transferring onto other patients, and eliminating the bacteria dwelling in the unit are all necessary actions in this battle. Ultimately, maintaining a culture that is constantly wary of this risk only can achieve this goal.
Topics: Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Load; Burn Units; Burns; Humans; Wound Infection
PubMed: 26207399
DOI: 10.1089/sur.2013.135 -
The Journal of Pediatrics Apr 2018
Topics: Child; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Milk Hypersensitivity; Proctocolitis; Risk Factors
PubMed: 29336792
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.12.027 -
The Journal of Nutrition Nov 2021Protein quality is an important component of protein intake to support growth, development, and maintenance of essential body tissues and functions. Therefore, protein... (Review)
Review
Protein quality is an important component of protein intake to support growth, development, and maintenance of essential body tissues and functions. Therefore, protein quality should be emphasized as a key characteristic during protein food selection within the larger context of healthy dietary patterns, especially when considering the wide variance of protein quality across animal- and plant-based foods. However, the USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) do not address specific protein quality recommendations within their protein foods ounce equivalents guidance or as a component of Healthy U.S. Style, Healthy Vegetarian, and Healthy Mediterranean Style dietary patterns. In addition, the protein foods ounce equivalents within the DGA are not established on any obvious metabolic equivalency characteristic [i.e., energy, protein, or essential amino acid (EAA) content], which creates misleading messaging of equivalent functional and metabolic benefit across protein foods. EAA content is a key characteristic of protein quality and can be a practical focal point for protein intake recommendations and achieving healthy dietary patterns. This review discusses the importance of protein quality, the state of messaging within DGA recommendations, and proposes EAA density (i.e., EAA content relative to total energy) as one practical approach to improve current dietary recommendations. Two recent publications that evaluated the DGA protein foods ounce equivalents based on metabolic effect and their application within DGA recommended dietary patterns are discussed.
Topics: Amino Acids, Essential; Animals; Diet; Health Status; Nutrition Policy; United States
PubMed: 34386826
DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab262 -
Academic Radiology Mar 2021Quotes such as "an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure" (Benjamin Franklin) and "a good doctor cures the disease, but a great doctor cures the cause" (Amit...
Quotes such as "an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure" (Benjamin Franklin) and "a good doctor cures the disease, but a great doctor cures the cause" (Amit Kalantri), are poignant reminders of the overwhelming power of preventive medicine on population health. Why, then, would it not be that the health of our medical system would not benefit from the same sort of ideas? Medical imaging is considered over utilized and numerous strategies have attempted to address this including "Choosing Wisely," American College of Radiology appropriateness criteria, clinical decision support instruments and others. Most of these have been partially successful, but none have yet to turn the tide of over imaging. Here, we propose a multipronged strategy to target education of all audiences - medical students, residents/fellows, and practicing physicians. Education on the breadth of imaging options, the limitations of radiology tests, when not to image, as well as when to use highly specific imaging tests, here serves as the preventive measure to curb the spread of overutilization.
Topics: Curriculum; Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Radiography; Radiology; Students, Medical
PubMed: 32622743
DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.06.011 -
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Jun 2020
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Vaccination; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 32499040
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.01.005 -
Heart, Lung & Circulation Sep 2021
Topics: Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump; Humans; Reoperation; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34244068
DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.06.449