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Theriogenology Oct 2023A retrospective study was carried out to investigate incidence, clinical signs and ultrasonographic findings of ovarian tumours in a population of dogs referred to the...
A retrospective study was carried out to investigate incidence, clinical signs and ultrasonographic findings of ovarian tumours in a population of dogs referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Perugia (Italy) and Anicura Tyrus Veterinary Clinic (Terni, Italy). The period of study ranged from January 2005 to December 2021. A total of 1910 dogs were affected by neoplasia but only 35 of them (1.8%), of different breeds and ages, were found to have ovarian tumours. Ultrasound of the ovaries was performed based on clinical signs; the diagnosis was achieved after ultrasound findings prompted ovariohysterectomy and ovarian pathologic evaluation In our study, the age of bitches affected by ovarian neoplasia ranged from 3 to 20 years (mean 9.6 ± 3.8). The histopathological findings of ovarian masses identified 16 granulosa cell tumours (GCT) (46%), 7 adenomas (20%), 5 adenocarcinomas (14%), 2 teratomas (6%), 1 leiomyoma (3%), 1 luteoma (3%), 1 tecoma (3%), 1 dysgerminoma (3%), and 1 haemangiosarcoma (3%). In particular, with respect to clinical signs, 69% of bitches showed abnormalities of estrus cycle (short interestral interval, persistent estrus, prolonged interestral interval). The other main clinical signs included abdominal distention, palpable abdominal mass, vulvovaginal discharge, polyuria/polydipsia, mammary masses. When present, the laboratory abnormalities were slight anemia and leucocytosis with neutrophilia. The tumours were ultrasonographically classified as mainly solid: 12/35 (34%) (1 adenoma, 4 adenocarcinomas, 1 dysgerminoma, 1 haemangiosarcoma, 1 leyomioma, 1 luteoma, 1 GCT, 1 tecoma, 1 teratoma); solid with cystic component 13/35 (37%) (9 GCT, 2 Adenomas, 1 adenocarcinoma, 1 teratoma); and mainly cystic 10/35 (29%) (6 GCTs, 4 adenomas). In our study, the ultrasound examination allowed us to suspect ovarian neoplasia in asymptomatic subjects referred for breeding management or for preventive health check. On the basis of our data, we proposed to perform a complete periodic examination of the reproductive system once a year from 6 years. Nevertheless, the presence of ovarian neoplasms found in young subjects, during breeding management, suggest including routine ultrasound examination of the reproductive tract.
Topics: Female; Animals; Dogs; Dysgerminoma; Retrospective Studies; Luteoma; Hemangiosarcoma; Hospitals, Animal; Hospitals, Teaching; Ovarian Neoplasms; Granulosa Cell Tumor; Adenocarcinoma; Teratoma; Adenoma
PubMed: 37540955
DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.07.020 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2023Nonepithelial ovarian cancers (NEOC) are a group of rare malignancies, including germ cell tumours (GCT) and sex cord-stromal tumours (SCST), along with small-cell... (Review)
Review
Nonepithelial ovarian cancers (NEOC) are a group of rare malignancies, including germ cell tumours (GCT) and sex cord-stromal tumours (SCST), along with small-cell carcinomas and sarcomas. GCTs represent 2-5% of ovarian cancers, with a yearly incidence of 4:100,000, and they usually affect young women and adolescents. Precursory germ cells of the ovary form the basis of GCT. They are histologically classified into primitive GCT, teratomas, and monodermal and somatic-type tumours associated with dermoid cysts. A primitive GCT can be either a yolk sac tumour (YST), dysgerminoma, or mixed germ cell neoplasm. Teratomas are either mature (benign) or immature (malignant). Given that malignant GCTs occur rarely compared to epithelial ovarian tumours (EOC), greater focus is required in their diagnosis and treatment. In this article, we review the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and molecular biology, along with the management and therapeutic challenges.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Female; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Ovarian Neoplasms; Teratoma
PubMed: 37372675
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20126089 -
Journal of Pediatric Hematology/oncology Oct 2017The question of giving or not adjuvant chemotherapy in pure ovarian immature teratomas (ITs) remains unsolved to date and illustrates differences in management between... (Review)
Review
The question of giving or not adjuvant chemotherapy in pure ovarian immature teratomas (ITs) remains unsolved to date and illustrates differences in management between pediatric and adults oncologists. Because of the rarity of these tumors, this question has never been addressed through randomized trials. Standard of care for adult women with ovarian ITs is postoperative platinum based chemotherapy for all patients except FIGO stage IA, grade 1 tumors, whereas pediatric series concluded that surgery alone is curative for completely resected ovarian ITs, regardless of grade. Moreover the role of chemotherapy in incompletely resected tumors and its impact on the rate of malignant relapses needs to be better assessed. This emphasizes the urgent need for cooperation between adult and pediatric teams.
Topics: Adult; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Child; Female; Humans; Ovarian Neoplasms; Teratoma
PubMed: 28859031
DOI: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000000950 -
Gynecologic Oncology Aug 2020Ovarian germ cell tumors (GCTs) are rare in adults, but are more common in adolescents and young adults. Contemporary management of ovarian GCTs is evolving as... (Review)
Review
Ovarian germ cell tumors (GCTs) are rare in adults, but are more common in adolescents and young adults. Contemporary management of ovarian GCTs is evolving as collaboration among pediatric, medical, and gynecologic oncologists increases, and studies increasingly incorporate female adult patients. Despite an improved understanding of ovarian GCT, many questions remain. Areas of continued controversy include which stage I ovarian GCTs and immature teratomas can be observed without adjuvant therapy, appropriate risk classification for ovarian GCT, surveillance strategies, and optimal therapy for recurrence. These topics as well as active areas of clinical investigation are discussed.
Topics: Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Female; Humans; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Ovarian Neoplasms; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Teratoma
PubMed: 32507650
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.05.007 -
Pediatric Blood & Cancer Nov 2021There is increasing recognition that contralateral metachronous tumor may occur following treatment of unilateral mature ovarian teratoma. We aimed to define this risk... (Review)
Review
There is increasing recognition that contralateral metachronous tumor may occur following treatment of unilateral mature ovarian teratoma. We aimed to define this risk to guide appropriate surveillance strategies. We undertook a systematic review of three large medical databases (Ovid Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register) to April 2020 using a defined search strategy. From 1831 articles retrieved, 23 were included, reporting 1101 girls with unilateral mature ovarian teratomas. The intensity and duration of follow-up varied between studies, with only five reporting close surveillance. Overall prevalence of metachronous contralateral mature teratoma was 2.1%, with a prevalence per study of 0%-23% (median 0%). Prevalence was higher (7%) among studies with more robust surveillance. These data suggest a small but real risk of metachronous contralateral tumors. Surveillance ultrasonography is proportionate and indicated alongside further prospective data collection to record the natural history and impact of surveillance in greater detail.
Topics: Female; Humans; Neoplasms, Second Primary; Ovarian Neoplasms; Prevalence; Teratoma; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 34331503
DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29237 -
Ultrasound Quarterly Mar 2017Ovarian dermoids constitute the most common ovarian neoplasm and make up approximately 20% of all ovarian neoplasms. Dermoids are most common in the reproductive age...
Ovarian dermoids constitute the most common ovarian neoplasm and make up approximately 20% of all ovarian neoplasms. Dermoids are most common in the reproductive age group, but unlike other ovarian germ cell tumors, their age distribution is quite broad. Torsion may occur in approximately 15% of cases and is more common during pregnancy and in the 6 weeks immediately after delivery. We present a 17-year-old who came to the emergency department in her puerperium with severe right lower quadrant pain. The diagnosis of a 12-cm dermoid was missed at ultrasound. We discuss the reasons for the mistake on ultrasound and give strategies to prevent this from happening in the future. Three commonly overlooked teaching points regarding dermoids are discussed. Ultrasound and computed tomographic imaging, operative course, and correlative intraoperative and pathological images are presented.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Laparoscopy; Ovarian Neoplasms; Puerperal Disorders; Teratoma; Therapeutic Irrigation; Torsion Abnormality; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 27054654
DOI: 10.1097/RUQ.0000000000000237 -
BMC Women's Health Sep 2023Struma ovarii (SO) is a rare tumor and may transform into ovarian strumal carcinoid (OSC) and/or malignant struma ovarii (MSO), but the incidence, clinical...
BACKGROUND
Struma ovarii (SO) is a rare tumor and may transform into ovarian strumal carcinoid (OSC) and/or malignant struma ovarii (MSO), but the incidence, clinical characteristics, and survival outcomes have not been well defined.
METHODS
We conducted a retrospective study of patients with ovarian strumal diseases treated in the our hospital between 1980 and 2022. Subgroup analyses of SO, OSC, and MSO were subsequently performed.
RESULTS
A total of 275 cases (2.14%) were identified in a cohort of 12,864 patients with ovarian teratomas, where SO, OSC, and MSO accounted for 83.3%, 12.0%, and 4.7% of cases, respectively. There were no significant differences in age, tumor sizes, elevated tumor markers, and ascites among the three subgroups. At initial treatment, all patients with SO or OSC had FIGO stage I disease except one SO patient presenting metastatic disease, ten patients had MSO confined to the ovary, whereas other three patients had metastatic diseases. Two patients with SO respectively relapsed at peritoneum and anterior mesorectum, while none of the OSC patients presented tumor recurrence or death despite different surgical procedures employed. The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 88.9%, and only one death occurred at 9.5 years after diagnosis in patients with MSO. Radioiodine therapy showed satisfactory therapeutic efficacy, but these patients showed poor responses to the chemotherapy.
CONCLUSION
2.14% of ovarian teratoma could be classified as SO, of which 12.0% and 4.7% of SO may transform into OSC and MSO, repsectively. The survival outcomes were excellent even after SO transformed into OSC or MSO.
SYNOPSIS
SO occupied 2.14% of ovarian teratoma, where 12.0% and 4.7% of SO may transform into OSC and MSO, respectively, and had excellent survival outcomes.
Topics: Female; Humans; Ovarian Neoplasms; Struma Ovarii; Retrospective Studies; Carcinoid Tumor; Incidence; Iodine Radioisotopes; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Teratoma
PubMed: 37726744
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02624-5 -
Annals of Clinical and Translational... Jan 2024Ovarian teratoma is a common occurrence in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (NMDARe), and its removal is crucial for a favorable prognosis. However, the...
INTRODUCTION
Ovarian teratoma is a common occurrence in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (NMDARe), and its removal is crucial for a favorable prognosis. However, the initial pathogenesis of autoimmunity in the encephalitic teratoma remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the genomic landscape and microscopic findings by comparing NMDARe-associated teratomas and non-encephalitic control teratomas.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A prospective consecutive cohort of 84 patients with NMDARe was recruited from January 2014 to April 2020, and among them, patients who received teratoma removal surgery at Seoul National University Hospital were enrolled. We conducted a comparison of whole-exome sequencing data and pathologic findings between NMDARe-associated teratomas and control teratomas.
RESULTS
We found 18 NMDARe-associated teratomas from 15 patients and compared them with 17 non-encephalitic control teratomas. Interestingly, the genomic analysis revealed no significant differences in mutations between encephalitic and non-encephalitic teratomas. Pathologic analysis showed no discrepancies in terms of the presence of neuronal tissue and lymphocytic infiltration between the encephalitic teratomas (n = 14) and non-encephalitic teratomas (n = 18). However, rituximab-naïve encephalitic teratomas exhibited a higher frequency of germinal center formation compared to non-encephalitic teratomas (80% vs. 16.7%, P = 0.017). Additionally, rituximab-treated encephalitic teratomas demonstrated a reduced number of CD20 cells and germinal centers in comparison to rituximab-naïve encephalitic teratomas (P = 0.048 and 0.023, respectively).
DISCUSSION
These results suggest that the initiation of immunopathogenesis in NMDARe-associated teratoma is not primarily attributed to intrinsic tumor mutations, but rather to immune factors present in the encephalitic patient group, ultimately leading to germinal center formation within the teratoma.
Topics: Female; Humans; Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis; Rituximab; Prospective Studies; Ovarian Neoplasms; Teratoma; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Genomics
PubMed: 37986706
DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51948 -
Journal of Pediatric Surgery Apr 2020Ovarian immature teratomas (ITs) are relatively rare among all pediatric ovarian tumors. The histological grading for ovarian ITs, which ranges from 1 to 3, is based on...
BACKGROUND
Ovarian immature teratomas (ITs) are relatively rare among all pediatric ovarian tumors. The histological grading for ovarian ITs, which ranges from 1 to 3, is based on the proportion of immature neuroepithelial component. Higher-grade ITs in adults are treated as malignant neoplasms and require adjuvant chemotherapy. However, there is no consensus on the therapeutic management of pediatric ovarian ITs. The aim of our study was to analyze the histological grades and clinical characteristics of ovarian ITs in pediatric patients.
METHODS
This retrospective chart review consisted of seven patients, including one, three, and three patients with histological grade 1, 2, and 3 pediatric ovarian ITs, respectively, who were treated at our institute between 2000 and 2016. Collected data comprised age, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, clinical stage, tumor size, treatment, and prognosis.
RESULTS
The median age and AFP levels of patients with grade 1, 2, and 3 ovarian ITs were 8, 7, and 10 years and 37, 112, and 221 ng/ml, respectively. All cases were Children Oncology Group (COG) stage I and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IA. All patients had unilateral tumors in the right ovary. The median tumor sizes of the grade 1, 2, and 3 IT patients were 104, 160, and 100 cm, respectively. All patients underwent primary open surgery alone. Two patients, including one patient each with grade 2 and 3 ITs, underwent tumor enucleation as ovary-sparing surgery, whereas the remaining five patients underwent unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The median follow-up was seven years, and all cases achieved event-free survival.
CONCLUSIONS
Clinical characteristics of patients with grade 3 ovarian ITs were relatively older and had higher AFP levels than those with lower-grade ITs. According to our patient's clinical course and prognosis, COG stage I pediatric ITs should be treated by surgery alone and that postoperative chemotherapy is unnecessary even for those with grade 3 ITs as well as patients with rather low AFP levels.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
IV.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Fertility Preservation; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Staging; Organ Sparing Treatments; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovariectomy; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies; Salpingectomy; Teratoma; Tumor Burden; alpha-Fetoproteins
PubMed: 31130350
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.04.037 -
Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology Jul 2021
Topics: Dermoid Cyst; Fallopian Tubes; Female; Humans; Ovarian Cysts; Ovarian Neoplasms; Teratoma
PubMed: 32911089
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2020.09.001