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Abdominal Radiology (New York) May 2017Mature ovarian cystic teratoma (also known as ovarian dermoid cyst) is a slow growing encapsulated tumor which contains well differentiated derivations of at least two... (Review)
Review
Mature ovarian cystic teratoma (also known as ovarian dermoid cyst) is a slow growing encapsulated tumor which contains well differentiated derivations of at least two out of three germ cell layers (i.e. ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm). The lesion is lined by ectodermally derived squamous epithelium containing skin appendages. The cyst content commonly consists of keratin, sebaceous materials and fat. On CT images, the intracystic globules of sebum/fat could appear as multiple free floating rounded hypoattenuating nodules, giving the classical 'sack-of-marbles' appearance.
Topics: Dermoid Cyst; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Ovarian Neoplasms; Teratoma
PubMed: 28138731
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-017-1059-x -
Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) Jan 2024Abnormalities of the ovary are frequently seen on ultrasound examination, sometimes symptomatic, but are more commonly asymptomatic. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Abnormalities of the ovary are frequently seen on ultrasound examination, sometimes symptomatic, but are more commonly asymptomatic.
PURPOSE
Presentation of the most important entities of ovarian masses and their imaging features in infants and children. Discussion of criteria for differentiation between benign and potentially malignant masses.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Review of current literature and presentation of image examples.
RESULTS
The most common lesions are ovarian cysts in infants, which usually do not require therapy. Because of the risk of torsion, surgery should be discussed for lesions with a size of 5 cm or more. Benign teratomas represent three-quarters of all solid tumors of the infantile ovary. Malignant masses are rare. The task of imaging is to assess the potential risk of malignancy, also using imaging scores.
CONCLUSIONS
Imaging plays a crucial role for therapeutic considerations. Depending on the potential risk, ovarian-sparing surgery is preferred to preserve fertility, as long as the oncologic risk is reasonable.
Topics: Child; Infant; Female; Humans; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovarian Cysts; Teratoma; Ovariectomy; Digestive System Abnormalities
PubMed: 37947867
DOI: 10.1007/s00117-023-01233-5 -
Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis May 2022Teratoma with nephroblastoma (TWN) is an extremely rare condition. Since 1984, only 45 reported cases have been identified. To our knowledge, there have been only two...
BACKGROUND
Teratoma with nephroblastoma (TWN) is an extremely rare condition. Since 1984, only 45 reported cases have been identified. To our knowledge, there have been only two cases of TWN of ovarian origin.
CASE PRESENTATION
We described a case of ovarian TWN who presented to us with painless abdominal masses 6 months after undergoing right ovarian cystectomy. The tumor had spread to the abdomen due to spontaneous rupture of the ovarian cyst and failure to undergo chemotherapy. Microscopically, the ovarian mass exhibited the typical components of a mature cystic teratoma. The tumors found in both the ovary and abdomen contained the nephroblastoma components and were strongly positive for WT-1. The patient was advised to undergo chemotherapy and she was lost to follow-up.
CONCLUSION
A careful histological examination is necessary for an accurate diagnosis, which is based on morphology and extensive immunohistochemical studies. According to the literature, surgical excision alone seems reasonable as the prognosis of TWN is considered to be good. However, due to the spontaneous rupture of the ovarian cyst, chemotherapy of the patient after the first surgery was necessary in our case. Therefore, additional case studies are needed to clarify the standardized treatment of TWN.
Topics: Abdomen; Chest Pain; Female; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Ovarian Cysts; Ovarian Neoplasms; Rupture, Spontaneous; Teratoma; Wilms Tumor
PubMed: 35349728
DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24364 -
European Journal of Cancer (Oxford,... Sep 2022Ovarian immature teratoma is a rare subtype of germ cell tumour that can be pure or associated with non-teratomatous germ cell tumour elements and is graded based on... (Review)
Review
Ovarian immature teratoma is a rare subtype of germ cell tumour that can be pure or associated with non-teratomatous germ cell tumour elements and is graded based on extent of the immature neuroectodermal component. Immature teratoma (IT) can also be associated with somatic differentiation in the form of sarcoma, carcinoma, or extensive immature neuroectodermal elements and may produce low levels of serum alpha-fetoprotein. Variable interpretation of these issues underlies diagnostic and management dilemmas, resulting in substantial practice differences between paediatric and adult women with IT. The Malignant Germ Cell International Consortium (MaGIC) convened oncologists, surgeons, and pathologists to address the following crucial clinicopathologic issues related to IT: (1) grading of IT, (2) definition and significance of 'microscopic' yolk sac tumour, (3) transformation to a somatic malignancy, and (4) interpretation of serum tumour biomarkers. This review highlights the discussion, conclusions, and suggested next steps from this clinicopathologic conference.
Topics: Adult; Child; Consensus Development Conferences as Topic; Endodermal Sinus Tumor; Female; Humans; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Ovarian Neoplasms; Teratoma
PubMed: 35863107
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.06.006 -
Pediatrics International : Official... Jan 2022
Topics: Dysgerminoma; Female; Humans; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Neoplasms, Second Primary; Ovarian Neoplasms; Teratoma
PubMed: 35851512
DOI: 10.1111/ped.15251 -
The American Surgeon Jun 2023Ovarian teratoma is the most common ovarian tumor in children with an overall incidence of 2.6 cases per 100,000 girls per year. Diagnosis and management are challenging...
Ovarian teratoma is the most common ovarian tumor in children with an overall incidence of 2.6 cases per 100,000 girls per year. Diagnosis and management are challenging due to its nonspecific presentation, malignancy determination, and need to conserve fertility. A previously healthy 5-month-old female infant presented with fever, abdominal distension, and nonbilious emesis, and an 8.2 × 6.8 × 6.1-centimeter pelvic mass originating from the left adnexa was found on imaging. Due to concern for malignancy and torsion, exploratory laparotomy and ovarian-sparing surgery (OSS) with resection of the mass were performed. Histology showed a grade 1 teratoma. This case illustrates a challenging diagnosis and its symptom overlap with other etiologies in infants. The keys to diagnosing and managing this entity are including ovarian pathology in the differential diagnosis and performing OSS whenever possible. Furthermore, ultrasound follow-up is needed to monitor for ipsilateral and contralateral ovarian tumors later in life.
Topics: Child; Infant; Female; Humans; Ovarian Neoplasms; Teratoma; Vomiting
PubMed: 34730441
DOI: 10.1177/00031348211048817 -
Ginekologia Polska 2023To analyse the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis associated with ovarian mature...
OBJECTIVES
To analyse the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis associated with ovarian mature teratomas.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Retrospectively analysed the clinical-laboratory data of five patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis combined with ovarian teratoma at a single centre between March 2016 and June 2019.
RESULTS
The mean age of the patients was 22.40 ± 2.89 years (range, 19-26 years). Five patients had premonitory fever symptoms, clinical manifestations of mental disorder or convulsions for starting, with varying degrees of involuntary movement. Brain MRI and electroencephalography lacked specificity, and cerebrospinal fluid resistance NMDAR antibody detection was the key to diagnosis. All patients experienced good outcomes in response to immunotherapy combined with ovarian tumour resection, with a median follow-up time of 36 months (range, 16-55 months). The MRS value of five patients decreased significantly half a year after surgery, and no encephalitis or ovarian tumour relapses were reported.
CONCLUSIONS
Anti-NMDA encephalitis caused by ovarian teratoma is mostly a non-specific clinical manifestation of neurological and mental abnormalities, which can be easily misdiagnosed and delayed, and doctors should fully recognise the disease, early diagnosis, and timely surgical intervention to improve the prognosis of patients.
Topics: Female; Humans; Young Adult; Adult; Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis; Retrospective Studies; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Ovarian Neoplasms; Teratoma
PubMed: 36597802
DOI: 10.5603/GP.a2022.0068 -
JAAPA : Official Journal of the... Dec 2022Benign mature cystic teratomas are a form of ovarian germ cell tumor that originates from primordial germ cells in the ovaries. Of the three types of teratoma neoplasms,...
Benign mature cystic teratomas are a form of ovarian germ cell tumor that originates from primordial germ cells in the ovaries. Of the three types of teratoma neoplasms, benign mature cystic teratomas (also called dermoid cysts) are the most common. Patients may present with intermittent abdominal or pelvic pain, abdominal enlargement, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, or may be asymptomatic. Clinicians should have a high suspicion for benign mature cystic teratomas, which account for more than 20% of all ovarian neoplasms. This article focuses on the clinical symptoms, ovarian growth characteristics, pathophysiology, potential complications, management options, and recurrence of benign mature cystic teratomas.
Topics: Female; Humans; Ovarian Cysts; Teratoma; Ovarian Neoplasms
PubMed: 36412944
DOI: 10.1097/01.JAA.0000892764.53306.c4 -
The Journal of Pathology Jan 2022Germ cell tumors (GCTs) originate during the histogenesis of primordial germ cells to mature gametes. Previous studies identified five histogenic mechanisms in ovarian...
Germ cell tumors (GCTs) originate during the histogenesis of primordial germ cells to mature gametes. Previous studies identified five histogenic mechanisms in ovarian mature teratomas (type I: failure of meiosis I; type II: failure of meiosis II; type III: duplication of the genome of a mature gamete; type IV: no meiosis; and type V: fusion of two different ova), but those of other GCTs remain elusive. In this study, we analyzed 84 GCTs of various pathologic types to identify the histogenesis using single-nucleotide polymorphism array by analyzing copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH) and copy number alterations (CNAs). We detected types I and II in ovarian teratomas, type III in ovarian teratomas and yolk sac tumors (YSTs), and type IV in all GCT types. The GCTs with multiple-type histogenesis (I-IV) (ovarian mature/immature teratomas and YST) show meiotic CN-LOH with scant CNAs. Type IV-only GCTs are either with mitotic CN-LOH and abundant CNAs (seminoma, dysgerminoma, testicular mixed GCTs) or with scant CNAs and no CN-LOH (pediatric testicular and mediastinal teratomas). The development sequences of CN-LOH and CNA are different between the multiple type (I-IV) GCTs and type IV-only GCTs. We analyzed two different histologic areas in eight GCTs (one mature teratoma with a mucin-secreting adenoma, two immature teratomas, and five mixed GCTs). We found that GCTs (mature teratoma, immature teratoma, and mixed GCT) showed different genomic alterations between histologic areas, suggesting that genomic differences within a GCT could accompany histologic differentiation. Of note, we found evidence for collision tumors in a mixed GCT. Our data indicate that GCTs may have various histogenesis and intratumoral genomic differences, which might provide important information for the identification of GCTs, especially for those with different histologic areas. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topics: Humans; Loss of Heterozygosity; Male; Molecular Biology; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Ovarian Neoplasms; Seminoma; Teratoma; Testicular Neoplasms
PubMed: 34561860
DOI: 10.1002/path.5799 -
BMC Veterinary Research Nov 2020Teratomas are germ cell neoplasms composed of a wide variety of tissues. In the woodchuck, only one testicular teratoma has been described in the literature. The...
BACKGROUND
Teratomas are germ cell neoplasms composed of a wide variety of tissues. In the woodchuck, only one testicular teratoma has been described in the literature. The objective of this report was to describe the radiologic and pathologic findings in a female woodchuck (Marmota monax) with an ovarian teratoma consisting of mature tissues originating from all three germ layers.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 2-year-old female woodchuck that had been infected at birth with woodchuck hepatitis virus and subsequently developed hepatocellular carcinoma was incidentally discovered to have a mobile 6.6 × 4.8 × 4.7 cm abdominal mass on computed tomography (CT) imaging. The tumor was predominantly solid and heterogenous on CT with soft tissue, fat, and areas of dense calcification. The teratoma did not enhance with intravenous contrast administration. On ultrasound, the tumor was solid with heterogeneous echogenicity, reflecting the fat content and areas of calcification. Sonolucent areas were present that may have represented cysts. There was heterogeneously increased signal on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and heterogeneous hyperintensity in T2-weighted imaging. Fat was evident within the tumor. At necropsy, the tumor was attached to the distal end of the right uterine horn. Histopathology showed mature tissue types representing all three germ layers.
CONCLUSIONS
Ovarian teratoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ovarian or abdominal masses in woodchucks. The tumor displayed mature tissue derived from all three germ layers. CT, ultrasound, and MRI findings were presented in detail and matched the typical imaging appearance of teratomas.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Female; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B Virus, Woodchuck; Liver Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Marmota; Ovarian Neoplasms; Teratoma; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 33228678
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02658-z