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Folia Morphologica 2019This study determined the anatomical and histological structure of the salpinx and ovary of the Anatolian wild goat (C. aegagrus aegagrus).
BACKGROUND
This study determined the anatomical and histological structure of the salpinx and ovary of the Anatolian wild goat (C. aegagrus aegagrus).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The salpinges and ovaries from four wild goats of similar ages were used. These goats were brought to the Kafkas University Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Centre (Kars, Turkey) for various reasons such as traffic accidents or firearm injury, but either could not be saved or were euthanased.
RESULTS
The mean length of the ovary was 13.22 ± 1.27 mm, width was 8.46 ± 0.88 mm, thickness was 5.67 ± 0.79 mm, and weight was 0.59 ± 0.17 g. The mean length of the salpinx was 58.11 ± 14.02 mm, width was 0.80 ± 0.22 mm, thickness was 0.41 ± 0.01 mm, and weight was 0.30 ± 0.08 g. The salpinx consisted of three different regions (infundibulum, ampulla, and isthmus). These regions consisted of tunica mucosa, tunica muscularis, and tunica serosa. Prismatic epithelial cells were observed in the lamina epithelialis of the tunica mucosa in every region.
CONCLUSIONS
The data resulting from this study regarding anatomical and histological structures of the salpinx and ovary in the genital system organs of Anatolian wild goat will support other studies seeking to improve reproductive efficiency and eliminate the danger of extinction of this species.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Wild; Fallopian Tubes; Female; Goats; Ovary
PubMed: 30888680
DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2019.0032 -
Animal Reproduction Science May 2024Mammalian females are born with a finite number of follicles in their ovaries that is referred to as the ovarian reserve. There is a large amount of variation between... (Review)
Review
Mammalian females are born with a finite number of follicles in their ovaries that is referred to as the ovarian reserve. There is a large amount of variation between females in the number of antral follicles that they are born with, but this number is positively correlated to size of the ovarian reserve, has a strong repeatability within a female, and a moderate heritability. Although the heritability is moderate, numerous external factors including health, nutrition, ambient temperature, and litter size influence the size and function of the ovarian reserve throughout life. Depletion of the ovarian reserve contributes to reproductive senescence, and genetic and epigenetic factors can lead to a more rapid decline in follicle numbers in some females than others. The relationship of the size of the ovarian reserve to development of the reproductive tract and fertility is generally positive, although some studies report antagonistic associations of these traits. It seems likely that management decisions and environmental factors that result in epigenetic modifications to the genome throughout life may cause variability in the function of ovarian genes that influence fecundity and fertility, leading to differences in reproductive longevity among females born with ovarian reserves of similar size. This review summarizes our current understanding of factors influencing size of the ovarian reserve in cattle, sheep, and pigs and the relationship of the ovarian reserve to reproductive tract development and fertility. It provides strategies to apply this knowledge to improve diagnostics for better assessment of fertility and reproductive longevity in female livestock.
Topics: Animals; Female; Ovarian Reserve; Livestock; Ovary
PubMed: 38531261
DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107458 -
Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology Mar 2017This article provides an overview of ultrasonographic evaluation of the normal female pelvis. Pertinent pelvic anatomy is reviewed, and there is an in-depth discussion... (Review)
Review
This article provides an overview of ultrasonographic evaluation of the normal female pelvis. Pertinent pelvic anatomy is reviewed, and there is an in-depth discussion of the normal appearance of the uterus and ovaries. In addition, the indications and technique for performing 3-dimensional imaging and saline-infused sonohysterography are covered.
Topics: Female; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Ovary; Pelvis; Sodium Chloride; Ultrasonography; Uterus
PubMed: 28005593
DOI: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000259 -
Reproductive Sciences (Thousand Oaks,... May 2021During pregnancy, supply of nutrients and exposure of the mother to environmental factors can influence fetus phenotype, possibly modifying growth of fetal tissues and...
During pregnancy, supply of nutrients and exposure of the mother to environmental factors can influence fetus phenotype, possibly modifying growth of fetal tissues and organs. Few studies inconsistently reported that fetuses exposed to an insufficient energy supply, as those born small for gestational age, may have a reduced volume of uterus and ovaries. A retrospective analysis was performed on ultrasound data performed between 2012 and 2018 in 69 young premenarchal girls, 5 to 9 years of age, attending our endocrine-gynecologic clinic for a suspect of early puberty. Length of pregnancy and birthweight was also retrieved. When corrected for age, and presence of ovarian follicles, ovarian volume was positively (R = 0.210; p = 0.001) related to percentiles of birthweight (beta coefficient 0.012; 95% CI, 0.002-0.021). Similarly, uterine volume was positively (R = 0.237; p = 0.005) related to percentiles of birthweight (beta coefficient 0.067; 95% CI, 0.021-0.114). Ovarian (p = 0.034) and uterine (p = 0.014) volume was higher in the upper 3rd distribution of birthweight percentiles. In conclusion, development of ovarian and uterine volume increases progressively with the increase of birthweight percentiles. The data indicate an association between birthweight and the volume of uterus and ovary at 5-9 years of age.
Topics: Birth Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Menarche; Organ Size; Ovary; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies; Uterus
PubMed: 33058070
DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00351-y -
Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia Jan 2024Prostaglandins are synthesized from arachidonic acid through the catalytic activities of cyclooxygenase, while the production of different prostaglandin types,... (Review)
Review
Prostaglandins are synthesized from arachidonic acid through the catalytic activities of cyclooxygenase, while the production of different prostaglandin types, prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE), are regulated by specific prostaglandin synthases (PGFS and PGES). Prostaglandin ligands (PGF and PGE) bind to specific high-affinity receptors and initiate biologically distinct signalling pathways. In the ovaries, prostaglandins are known to be important endocrine regulators of female reproduction, in addition to maintaining local function through autocrine and/or paracrine effect. Many research groups in different animal species have already identified a variety of factors and molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the regulation of prostaglandin functions. In addition, prostaglandins stimulate their intrafollicular and intraluteal production via the pathway of prostaglandin self-regulation in the ovary. Therefore, the objective of the review article is to discuss recent findings about local regulation patterns of prostaglandin ligands PGF and PGE during different physiological stages of ovarian function in domestic ruminants, especially in bovine. In conclusion, the discussed local regulation mechanisms of prostaglandins in the ovary may stimulate further research activities in different methodological approaches, especially during final follicle maturation and ovulation, as well as corpus luteum formation and function.
Topics: Female; Cattle; Animals; Prostaglandins; Ovary; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; Ruminants; Ovarian Follicle; Corpus Luteum
PubMed: 37788129
DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12980 -
Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part... Oct 2020Broad biological aspects and accepted evolutionary sequences may offer useful guidance towards a comprehensive explanation of the function of mammalian ovaries and...
Broad biological aspects and accepted evolutionary sequences may offer useful guidance towards a comprehensive explanation of the function of mammalian ovaries and oviducts and their vital contribution to the events of fertilization. Cooling of the preovulatory follicles before ovulation may well have its roots in the primitive stages of external fertilization in which aggregates of oocytes are shed into freshwater.
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; Fallopian Tubes; Female; Fertilization; Humans; Mammals; Oocytes; Ovarian Follicle; Ovary; Ovulation; Reproduction; Temperature
PubMed: 32592295
DOI: 10.1002/jez.2394 -
Marine Genomics Apr 2020In recent years, numerous studies conducted on teleost fish have highlighted the contribution of transcriptomic studies in elucidating the physiological mechanisms... (Review)
Review
In recent years, numerous studies conducted on teleost fish have highlighted the contribution of transcriptomic studies in elucidating the physiological mechanisms underlying the molecular events of oogenesis and follicular atresia, enabling the identification of potential genes and molecular networks that participate in both the reproductive cycle and the process of follicular atresia. Atresia can affect the reproductive potential of females by reducing the healthy eggs that a female can spawn in both aquaculture and wild populations. The substantial diversity of reproductive strategies exhibited by teleost fish has contributed to the difficulty in identifying common genes between species, but a set of core genes has emerged as potential markers for atresia in relation to apoptosis/autophagy, lipid metabolism, oxidative metabolism and other physiological processes similar to those identified in other vertebrates, even mammals. We review the current status of the genes that have been identified in ovaries with atretic oocytes. Our primary goal is to review the current status regarding gene expression during gonadal development and follicular atresia. This information will enable us to understand the factors and expression patterns involved in the follicular atresia of teleost fish.
Topics: Animals; Female; Fishes; Follicular Atresia; Gene Expression; Ovary
PubMed: 31506217
DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2019.100704 -
Life Sciences Jul 2019Ovarian aging is a natural physiological phenomenon accompanied by follicular atresia as well as the decline of oocyte quality. Moxibustion is a form of traditional...
AIMS
Ovarian aging is a natural physiological phenomenon accompanied by follicular atresia as well as the decline of oocyte quality. Moxibustion is a form of traditional Chinese medicine therapy which has been reported to treat many aging-related problems and improve immune defense.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Moxibustion treatment was applied to the 10-month female rats for 2 or 6 months to evaluate whether moxibustion could delay ovarian aging. The expression levels of NQO-1, HO-1, Bax and Bcl-2 were examined by Western blotting. The serum levels of E and FSH concentration were measured through ELISA. P21, P16, NQO-1, HO-1, Bax and Bcl-2 were measured by qRT-PCR.
KEY FINDINGS
We demonstrated that moxibustion treatment could attenuate oxidative stress and apoptosis in ovaries, which lead to ovarian aging. The ovary histomorphology, serum FSH, E levels as well as aging markers P21 and P16 expression were compared among the groups, which showed that moxibustion treatment could alleviate the ovary fibrosis, decrease the aging markers expression and increase secretion of ovary functional hormones. The mRNA and protein expression levels of the antioxidative stress-related genes HO-1 and NQO-1 were increased after moxibustion treatment. The antiapoptotic factor Bcl-2 and proapoptotic factor Bax were also detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting, and the results demonstrated that moxibustion significantly downregulated the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, suggesting that moxibustion could reduce apoptosis in the ovaries of aged rats.
SIGNIFICANCE
In conclusion, our research revealed that moxibustion could improve ovary function by suppressing apoptosis events and upregulating antioxidant defenses in the natural aging ovary.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Malondialdehyde; Moxibustion; Ovary; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Superoxide Dismutase
PubMed: 31108096
DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.05.040 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2021Coccophagus japonicus Compere, an endoparasitoid of Parasaissetia nigra Nietner, has great potential for biological control. To assess the influence of mating on the...
Coccophagus japonicus Compere, an endoparasitoid of Parasaissetia nigra Nietner, has great potential for biological control. To assess the influence of mating on the reproductive performance of this parasitoid, we examined the effects of mating on ovarian development, female longevity and number of eggs laid. The results showed that the egg volume in the ovary of C. japonicus first increased and then decreased with increases in the age of female adults. The peak egg volume in the ovary of mated females occurred 2 days earlier than that of virgin females. Within the female age range of 0-15 days, the numbers of eggs at stages I, II, and III first increased and then decreased with increases in the age of female C. japonicus, whereas the number of eggs at stage IV increased. The duration of the coexistence of females and males significantly influenced the length and width of the female ovaries, and the longest ovary tube and the highest number of eggs were obtained with a coexistence duration of 0 days. C. japonicus female longevity decreased with increases in the number of matings, and the number of eggs laid by females within 15 days decreased with increasing delays in mating. In conclusion, mating can shorten the longevity of C. japonicus females, and selecting newly emerged virgin females for mating can significantly improve the number of eggs laid and the breeding efficiency of the parasitoid.
Topics: Animals; Female; Hymenoptera; Life Cycle Stages; Longevity; Male; Organogenesis; Ovary; Reproduction; Sexual Behavior, Animal
PubMed: 33723348
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85351-x -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2019Cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy, induces early ovarian follicular depletion and subsequent infertility. In order to protect gametes from the gonadotoxic effects... (Review)
Review
Cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy, induces early ovarian follicular depletion and subsequent infertility. In order to protect gametes from the gonadotoxic effects of chemotherapy, several fertility preservation techniques-such as oocyte or embryo cryopreservation with or without ovarian stimulation, or cryopreservation of the ovarian cortex-should be considered. However, these methods may be difficult to perform, and the future use of cryopreserved germ cells remains uncertain. Therefore, improving the methods currently available and developing new strategies to preserve fertility represent major challenges in the area of oncofertility. Animal and ovarian culture models have been used to decipher the effects of different cytotoxic agents on ovarian function and several theories regarding chemotherapy gonadotoxicity have been raised. For example, cytotoxic agents might (i) have a direct detrimental effect on the DNA of primordial follicles constituting the ovarian reserve and induce apoptosis; (ii) induce a massive growth of dormant follicles, which are then destroyed; or (ii) induce vascular ovarian damage. Thanks to improvements in the understanding of the mechanisms involved, a large number of studies have been carried out to develop molecules limiting the negative impact of chemotherapy on the ovaries.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cryopreservation; Female; Fertility Preservation; Humans; Models, Animal; Ovary; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
PubMed: 31717833
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215342