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Journal of Pediatric Surgery Jul 2019The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the preservation of ovarian tissue in cases of ovarian torsion.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the preservation of ovarian tissue in cases of ovarian torsion.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective study was performed of patients treated at our hospital for ovarian torsion from January 2007 to December 2017. This research does not include patients with antenatal ovarian torsion and 1 girl with an immature teratoma, in whom the twisted ovary was removed during the initial operation. Follow-up ultrasonography of all patients was performed after 4-6 weeks and again after more than 12 weeks. Volume, blood flow and folliculogenesis of the ovary were measured and assessed.
RESULTS
All 42 ovaries (39 patients) preserved their normal anatomy and folliculogenesis after detorsion. All patients had an enlarged ovary at the time of detorsion. In all cases of ovarian torsion, enlargement of the ovary up to an average of 58.14 ± 52.86 (17.37-86.83) ml was detected. After 4-6 weeks, all untwisted ovaries decreased in volume by an average of 9.01 ± 13.69 (2.33-9.30) times, and 59.5% of them became normal in size. In 3 girls, enlarged ovaries were still observed after 12 weeks. Teratoma was diagnosed for these patients and ovarian sparing operations were performed.
CONCLUSIONS
It is safe to perform detorsion regardless of the level of ischemia or volume of the affected ovary. The follow-up is essential, especially for the further diagnostics of potential pathological structures or tumors; therefore, the normalization of blood flow and the volume of the ovary must be monitored.
TYPE OF STUDY
Prognosis retrospective study.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
II.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Fertility Preservation; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Organ Size; Organ Sparing Treatments; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovary; Pregnancy; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Teratoma; Torsion Abnormality; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 30851955
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.02.004 -
Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE Nov 2022The activation, growth, development, and maturation of oocytes is a complex process that is coordinated not just between multiple cell types of the ovary but also across...
The activation, growth, development, and maturation of oocytes is a complex process that is coordinated not just between multiple cell types of the ovary but also across multiple points of control within the hypothalamic/pituitary/ovarian circuit. Within the ovary, multiple specialized cell types grow in close association with the oocyte within the ovarian follicles. The biology of these cells has been well described at the later stages, when they are easily recovered as byproducts of assisted reproductive treatments. However, the in-depth analysis of small antral follicles isolated directly from the ovary is not commonly carried out due to the scarcity of human ovarian tissue and the limited access to the ovary in patients undergoing assisted reproductive treatments. These methods for processing whole ovaries for the cryopreservation of cortical strips with the concurrent identification/isolation of ovary resident cells enable the high-resolution analysis of the early stages of antral follicle development. We demonstrate protocols for isolating discrete cell types by treating antral follicles enzymatically and separating the granulosa, theca, endothelial, hematopoietic, and stromal cells. The isolation of cells from the antral follicles at various sizes and developmental stages enables the comprehensive analysis of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive follicle growth and ovarian physiology and provides a source of viable cells that can be cultured in vitro to recapitulate the follicle microenvironment.
Topics: Female; Humans; Ovarian Follicle; Ovary; Cryopreservation; Oocytes
PubMed: 36533813
DOI: 10.3791/64402 -
Zygote (Cambridge, England) Apr 2023The goal of this study was to determine the distribution of preantral follicles in bovine ovaries. Follicular distribution in the ovaries ( = 12) was evaluated in the...
The goal of this study was to determine the distribution of preantral follicles in bovine ovaries. Follicular distribution in the ovaries ( = 12) was evaluated in the region of the greater curvature of the ovary (GCO) and the region close to the ovarian pedicle (OP) of heifers of the Nelore breed. Two fragments were obtained from each region of the ovary (GCO and OP). The mean weight of the ovaries was 4.04 ± 0.32 g. The mean antral follicle count (AFC) was 54.58 ± 3.55 follicles (minimum and maximum variation of 30 and 71 follicles, respectively). In total, 1123 follicles were visualized in the region of the GCO; 949 (84.5%) of them were primordial follicles and 174 (15.5%) were developing follicles. The region close to the OP contained 1454 follicles, of which 1266 (87%) were primordial follicles and 44 (12.9%) were developing follicles. The OP region showed a higher proportion of intact follicles in the primordial ( < 0.0001) and primary ( = 0.042) stages compared with the GCO region. The proportion of secondary follicles was similar in the OP and GCO regions. The ovaries of two bovine females (16%; 2/12) contained multi-oocytes follicles, which were characterized as primary follicles. Therefore, the distribution of preantral follicles in the bovine ovary was heterogeneous, with the region close to the OP containing a greater number of preantral follicles compared with the GCO region ( < 0.05).
Topics: Cattle; Animals; Female; Ovary; Ovarian Follicle; Oocytes
PubMed: 36793125
DOI: 10.1017/S0967199423000023 -
Research in Veterinary Science Mar 2022Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) both play important roles in mammalian ovary and follicular development. The aim of the...
Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) both play important roles in mammalian ovary and follicular development. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of BMP15 and FSH in the prepubertal ovary of Rongchang pigs considering a possible signaling mechanism involving TβRII/ SMAD4 and FSHR in granulosa cells. For this purpose, we quantified expression levels of BMP15, SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD4, SMAD7, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, TGFβRI, TGFβRII, and FSHR via qRT-PCR at different ages in prepubertal ovaries and cultured biopsy of 90-day-old ovary in Rongchang pig. Additionally, the protein levels of BMP15, FSHR, SMAD2, SMAD4, TGFβRI, TGFβRII, TGF-β1, TGF-β2 were quantified via Western blot and the localizations of BMP15, FSHR and TGFβRII were observed via immunofluorescence confocal microscope. The results showed that expression levels of BMP15, TGF-β1, TGFβRII and FSHR increased significantly at day 60 as compared to day 30 and reached peak value at day 90 in prepubertal ovary of Rongchang pigs. We observed that BMP15, TGFβRII and FSHR was highly presented, which TGFβRII and FSHR displayed co-localization in the follicles of the prepubertal ovaries of 90-day-old Rongchang gilts. Treatment with TGFβRI/II inhibitor LY2109761 significantly decreased the expression of TGFβRI, TGFβRII and SMAD4 and TGFβRI inhibitor LY2157299 decreased TGFβRI, but increased the TGFβRII, SMAD4 and FSHR expression levels. Furthermore, the addition of rBMP15 and rFSH group significantly increased the expression of TGFβRII and FSHR proteins (P < 0.01), but no significant change in the expression of TGFβRI (P > 0.05) was observed by Western blot. In conclusion, BMP15, TGFβRII and FSHR were increased significantly in the prepubertal ovarian follicles of Rongchang pigs and FSHR expression in GCs was regulated by BMP15 and FSH through the TGFβRII.
Topics: Animals; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15; Female; Granulosa Cells; Ovarian Follicle; Ovary; Signal Transduction; Swine
PubMed: 34979443
DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.12.013 -
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology :... Nov 2022Taxanes are important chemotherapeutic agents used to manage breast cancer and gynaecological malignancies. However, ovarian toxicity induced by the taxane docetaxel...
Taxanes are important chemotherapeutic agents used to manage breast cancer and gynaecological malignancies. However, ovarian toxicity induced by the taxane docetaxel (DOC) is of great concern. We investigated DOC-induced toxicity in the ovaries of female CD1 strain mice. The mice were divided into control (saline), DOC-5 (5 mg/kg DOC), and DOC-10 (10 mg/kg DOC) groups and administered saline or DOC on the first day of the study and two weeks later. Two weeks after the second dose, the ovaries were removed for analysis after inducing superovulation. Ovary weight, the number of secondary follicles, and the total number of follicles were reduced after DOC administration. Additionally, the expression levels of caspase-3 and the pro-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death (BIM) increased. Our findings suggest that high-dose DOC induces damage to growing follicles; however, it may not affect primordial follicles.Impact statement Docetaxel (DOC) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents used to manage various cancers. Some in-vitro studies have examined paclitaxel-induced ovarian toxicity; however, limited research on DOC is available. We investigated DOC-induced ovarian toxicity in female CD1 strain mice at 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg. We found that DOC reduced ovary weight, the number of secondary follicles, and the total number of follicles, with the higher dose having a higher effect. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the knowledge about the effect of DOC on ovarian function.
Topics: Animals; Female; Mice; Docetaxel; Ovarian Follicle; Ovary; Injections, Intraperitoneal
PubMed: 36484524
DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2153024 -
Drug Research Dec 2018The effects of methanol extract of Parquetina nigrescens were studied on histomorphometry and protein expression (SDS-PAGE) from the ovaries and uteri of wistar rats.
BACKGROUND
The effects of methanol extract of Parquetina nigrescens were studied on histomorphometry and protein expression (SDS-PAGE) from the ovaries and uteri of wistar rats.
METHODS
30 sexually matured rats were used for the study with 10 each in the control and treatment 100 mgkg and 400 mgkg groups. The extract was orally administered for 14 days. Histological sections of tissues collected presented no abnormalities.
RESULTS
An increase in the number of developing and matured follicles were observed during the study in the treated groups compared to the control in the follicular and the luteal phases. The corpora lutea in the treated groups were fewer in number to that of the control in the follicular phase and in the luteal phase. Sections of the uterine horns showed significant narrowing in the lumen diameter and increases in epithelial height with increased laydown of the lamina propria in the treated groups. The expression of protein bands fractionated during the study, confirm the presence of proteins expressed repeatedly from the ovary and uterine horns in the follicular and luteal phases at the 70 kDa and 63 kDa regions.
CONCLUSIONS
The study concluded that the methanol extract of the plant increased folliculogenesis on the ovary, secretory activity in the nuclei of the epithelium and the fibroplasia of the lamina propria while narrowing the lumen of the uterine horns which are similar to the effects of oestrogen or oestrogen-like substances on these reproductive organs and may have an effect on the abundance of protein expressed in the follicular phase.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Cryptolepis; Female; Luteal Phase; Methanol; Ovarian Follicle; Ovary; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Uterus
PubMed: 29945275
DOI: 10.1055/a-0637-8864 -
Tissue Engineering. Part A Jul 2020The physical properties of the ovarian extracellular matrix (ECM) regulate the function of ovarian cells, specifically the ability of the ovary to maintain a quiescent...
The physical properties of the ovarian extracellular matrix (ECM) regulate the function of ovarian cells, specifically the ability of the ovary to maintain a quiescent primordial follicle pool while allowing a subset of follicles to grow and mature in the estrous cycle. Design of a long-term, cycling artificial ovary has been hindered by the limited information regarding the mechanical properties of the ovary. In particular, differences in the mechanical properties of the two ovarian compartments, the cortex and medulla, have never been quantified. Shear wave (SW) ultrasound elastography is an imaging modality that enables assessment of material properties, such as the mechanical properties, based on the velocity of SWs, and visualization of internal anatomy, when coupled with B-mode ultrasound. We used SW ultrasound elastography to assess whole, bovine ovaries. We demonstrated, for the first time, a difference in mechanical properties, as inferred from SW velocity, between the cortex and medulla, as measured along the length (cortex: 2.57 ± 0.53 m/s, medulla: 2.87 ± 0.77 m/s, < 0.0001) and width (cortex: 2.99 ± 0.81 m/s, medulla: 3.24 ± 0.97 m/s, < 0.05) and that the spatial distribution and magnitude of SW velocity vary between these two anatomical planes. This work contributes to a larger body of literature assessing the mechanical properties of the ovary and related cells and specialized ECMs and will enable the rational design of biomimetic tissue engineered models and durable bioprostheses. Impact Statement Shear wave (SW) ultrasound elastography can be used to simultaneously assess the material properties and tissue structures when accompanied with B-mode ultrasound. We report a quantitative difference in mechanical properties, as inferred from SW velocity, between the cortex and medulla, with SW velocity being 11.4% and 8.4% higher in the medulla than the cortex when measured along the length and width, respectively. This investigation into the spatial and temporal variation in SW velocity in bovine ovaries will encourage and improve design of more biomimetic scaffolds for ovarian tissue engineering.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Elasticity Imaging Techniques; Female; Ovary; Shear Strength; Ultrasonic Waves
PubMed: 32609070
DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0037 -
Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia Mar 2023This is the first morpho-histological comparison of guanaco ovaries between reproductive (long-days) and non-reproductive (short-days) seasons, and oestrogen...
This is the first morpho-histological comparison of guanaco ovaries between reproductive (long-days) and non-reproductive (short-days) seasons, and oestrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) detection. Different stages of follicle development were found in the cortical area, but no corpus luteum was detected. The size and frequency of antral follicles and large atretic follicles were higher in long-day ovaries than short-days, consistent with ovarian activity in this season. Differential expression of ERα and ERβ was observed in follicles at different stages of development between short and long days. These data reveal histological and molecular differences between reproductive and non-reproductive seasons of guanaco ovaries.
Topics: Female; Animals; Ovary; Camelids, New World; Estrogen Receptor alpha; Estrogen Receptor beta; Ovarian Follicle
PubMed: 36345659
DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12885 -
PloS One 2016Transplantation of ovarian tissue (OT) is currently the only clinical option to restore fertility with cryopreserved OT. However, follicle loss caused by ischemia and...
Transplantation of ovarian tissue (OT) is currently the only clinical option to restore fertility with cryopreserved OT. However, follicle loss caused by ischemia and slow revascularization occurs in transplanted OT. To shorten the ischemic period and promote angiogenesis, some angiogenic factors have been used. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) is one of the major angiogenic factors and has been reported to promote blood vessels and increase vascular permeability in ischemic and/or hypoxic environment. This study was performed to investigate the effects of Ang2 on follicle integrity and revascularization of transplanted mouse OT. Five-week-old B6D2F1 female mice were divided into a control group and two Ang2 groups, followed by ovary collection and vitrification. After warming, the ovaries were autotransplanted into kidney capsules with/without Ang2 injection (50 or 500 ng/kg), and then the mice were sacrificed at days 2, 7, 21, and 42 after transplantation. A total 2,437 follicles in OT grafts were assessed for follicular density, integrity, and classification by using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Apoptosis and revascularization were evaluated by using TUNEL assay and CD31 immunohistochemistry, respectively. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Both Ang2 groups showed remarkable increase in morphologically intact follicle ratio across all grafting durations except D21. The numbers of CD31(+) vessels were significantly increased in both Ang2 groups compared with the control group at all durations, except in the 50 ng Ang2 group at D42. However, the mean numbers of follicles of the grafts, apoptosis ratios, and serum FSH levels showed no significant differences among the groups. Our results show that Ang2 treatment significantly increased the intact follicle ratios and the number of blood vessels of the mouse OT grafts. However, further studies performed with large animal or human OT are necessary before clinical application for fertility preservation in cancer patients, and the reliability of the systemic effects of Ang2 should be verified.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cryopreservation; Female; Fertility Preservation; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Mice; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Ovarian Follicle; Ovary; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic; Transplantation, Autologous
PubMed: 27870915
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166782 -
Acta Histochemica Feb 2020Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is one of the alkylating chemotherapeutic agents and its adverse effects on folliculogenesis in the ovary are well-known due to the previous...
Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is one of the alkylating chemotherapeutic agents and its adverse effects on folliculogenesis in the ovary are well-known due to the previous scientific research on this topic. Magnesium has various effects in organisms, including catalytic functions on the activation and inhibition of many enzymes, and regulatory functions on cell proliferation, cell cycle, and differentiation. In this study, the effects of magnesium sulfate (MgSO) on CYP induced ovarian damage were investigated. Immature Wistar-Albino female rats of 28-days were treated with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) to develop the first generation of preovulatory follicles. Rats of the experimental groups were then treated with either CYP (100 mg/kg, i.p) and MgSO (270 mg/kg loading dose; 27 mg/kg maintenance doseX12, i.p) solely or in combination. Following in-vivo 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling, animals were sacrificed and ovaries were embedded in paraffin and Epon. In the ovaries, added to the evaluation of general morphology and follicle count; BrdU and TUNEL-labeling, cleaved caspase-3 and p27 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor) staining was also performed immunohistochemically and an ultrastructural evaluation was performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The number of primordial follicles were decreased and multilaminar primary and atretic follicles were increased in CYP group. After MgSO treatment, while primordial follicle pool were elevated, the number of atretic follicles were decreased. Additionally, decreased BrdU-labeling, increased cleaved caspase 3 immunoreactivity and increased TUNEL labeling were observed in CYP group. In CYP treated animals, observations showed that while MgSO administration caused no alterations in BrdU proliferation index and caspase-3 immunoreactivity, it significantly reduced the TUNEL labeling. It was also observed that, while p27 immunoreactivity significantly increased in the nuclei of granulosa and theca cells in the CYP group; MgSO treatment significantly reduced these immunoreactivities. The ultrastructural observations showed frequent apoptotic profiles in granulosa and theca cells in both early and advanced stages of follicles in the CYP group and the MgSO treatment before the CYP application led to ultrastructural alleviation of the apoptotic process. In conclusion, our data suggest that MgSO may provide an option of pharmacologic treatment for fertility preservation owing to the beneficial effects of on chemotherapy-induced accelerated follicular apoptotic process, and the protection of the primordial follicle pool.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Division; Cell Proliferation; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Granulosa Cells; Magnesium Sulfate; Ovarian Follicle; Ovary; Rats, Wistar; Theca Cells
PubMed: 31812447
DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.151470