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BMC Oral Health Aug 2023The main purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence and related risk factors of malocclusion in permanent dentition among adolescents in Shanghai, and...
BACKGROUND
The main purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence and related risk factors of malocclusion in permanent dentition among adolescents in Shanghai, and provide basic data for government's preventive strategies and intervention plans.
METHODS
1799 adolescents aged 11-15 years old from 18 middle schools in 6 districts of Shanghai were recruited to investigate oral health status and related risk factors using cluster random sampling method in 2021. Malocclusion and caries were examined by on-site inspection. The investigation criteria referred to Bjoerk and the recommendation of the WHO. The malocclusion inspection items included molars relationship, canine relationship, overbite, overjet, midline displacement, anterior crossbite, posterior crossbite, scissors bite, crowding and spacing. The subjects were asked to fill in a questionnaire including parents' education level, oral health behaviors and dietary habits. The chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between malocclusion and risk factors.
RESULTS
1799 adolescents were included in the study and the prevalence of malocclusion in adolescents in Shanghai was 83.5%, and the proportion of molar relationship class I, class II, and class III was 48.9%, 14.7%, and 19.0%, respectively. The most common occlusal characteristic of malocclusion was anterior crowding, followed by midline irregularities and deep overbite, with prevalence rates of 44.8%, 39.0% and 38.6%, respectively. The prevalence rate of adolescents with caries was 34.3%. Those who had dental caries and preferred soft food were more likely to have abnormal occlusal characteristics (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of malocclusion in adolescents in Shanghai is high, so it is of great significance to strengthen oral health education, allocate proper preventive strategies and carry out the early correction if necessary.
Topics: Humans; Overbite; Dental Caries; Prevalence; China; Malocclusion
PubMed: 37620836
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03187-5 -
Progress in Orthodontics Aug 2020The aim of this systematic review was to identify, evaluate, and provide a current literature about the influence of heritability on the determination of occlusal traits. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The aim of this systematic review was to identify, evaluate, and provide a current literature about the influence of heritability on the determination of occlusal traits.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, LILACS, and Google Scholar were searched without restrictions up to March 2020. Studies with twin method were considered and the risk of bias assessment was performed using quality of genetic association studies checklist (Q-Genie). The coefficient of heritability (h), model-fitting approaches, and coefficient correlation were used to estimate the genetic/environmental influence on occlusal traits. The GRADE tool was used to assess the quality of the evidence.
RESULTS
Ten studies met the eligibility criteria. Three studies presented good quality, five moderate quality, and two poor quality. Most studies have found that the intra-arch traits, mainly the maxillary arch morphology, such as width (h 16-100%), length (h 42-100%), and shape (h 42-90%), and the crowding, mainly for mandibular arch (h 35-81%), are under potential heritability influence. The traits concerning the inter-arch relationship, as overjet, overbite, posterior crossbite, and sagittal molar relation, seem not to be genetically determined. The certainty of the evidence was graded as low for all outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
Although weak, the available evidence show that the heritability factors are determinant for the intra-arch traits, namely, arch morphology and crowding. Possibly due they are functionally related, the occlusal traits concerning the maxillary and mandibular relationship seem to have environmental factors as determinants. In this scenario, early preventive approaches can offer a more effective and efficient orthodontic treatment.
Topics: Humans; Malocclusion; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Mandible; Maxilla; Overbite
PubMed: 32864724
DOI: 10.1186/s40510-020-00330-8 -
Swiss Dental Journal 2016Dental aplasia of heterogenous etiology may cause jaw growth disturbance, malocclusion, esthetic discontent and psychosocial impairment. By a case report of a young...
Dental aplasia of heterogenous etiology may cause jaw growth disturbance, malocclusion, esthetic discontent and psychosocial impairment. By a case report of a young patient suffering from hypodontia, class II malocclusion and a deep bite the intricate interdisciplinary diagnosis- and treatment-protocol targeting the functional and esthetic rehabilitation is illustrated.
Topics: Adolescent; Anodontia; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Interdisciplinary Communication; Intersectoral Collaboration; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Mandibular Osteotomy; Orthodontics, Corrective; Overbite; Radiography, Panoramic
PubMed: 27874918
DOI: 10.61872/sdj-2016-11-06 -
European Archives of Paediatric... Aug 2023To investigate the direct and indirect pathways between verbal bullying and adverse oral conditions among school-aged children.
PURPOSE
To investigate the direct and indirect pathways between verbal bullying and adverse oral conditions among school-aged children.
METHODS
A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 8- to 10-year-old children, enrolled in public schools in Southern Brazil. Verbal bullying was collected by self-reports. Independent variables included sociodemographic characteristics (sex, age, household income, and caregivers' educational level) and oral conditions (anterior open bite, anterior teeth crowding, upper anterior diastema, large overjet, untreated dental caries, and PUFA index). The pathways between verbal bullying and the independent variables were analysed through structural equation modelling.
RESULTS
1369 children were included. The prevalence of verbal bullying was 26.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 23.9-28.6%). Verbal bullying was directly influenced by large overjet (standard coefficient [SC] 0.13, P < 0.01), untreated dental caries (SC 0.63, P = 0.01) and PUFA index (SC 0.75, P = 0.02). Sex (SC - 0.005, P = .04) and age (SC - 0.006, P < 0.01) indirectly influenced verbal bullying via untreated dental caries.
CONCLUSIONS
Verbal bullying was directly influenced by large overjet, untreated dental caries and PUFA index. Sex and age indirectly impacted verbal bullying through untreated dental caries.
Topics: Humans; Child; Dental Caries; Cross-Sectional Studies; Mouth Diseases; Malocclusion; Overbite; Bullying; Prevalence; Brazil
PubMed: 37347383
DOI: 10.1007/s40368-023-00818-x -
International Journal of Paediatric... Nov 2022To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the eruption guidance appliances (EGAs) in treating malocclusion in the early mixed dentition. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the eruption guidance appliances (EGAs) in treating malocclusion in the early mixed dentition.
DESIGN
Electronic databases were comprehensively searched for the eligibility literature of the EGA treatment for a period spanning from the earliest available date in each database up to July 2021. Randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, and prospective and retrospective cohort studies were included in the present review. The quality of clinical trials was assessed according to the Cochrane Collaboration's tools (RoB2.0 and ROBINS-I), whereas cohort studies were based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The data were gathered and synthesized with the Stata software (version 12).
RESULTS
The screen yielded 436 articles, of which 17 papers were potentially eligible, and 7 articles from 3 studies (1 RCT, 1 CCT, and 1 PCS) were qualified for the final review and analysis. The meta-analysis showed both favorable dentoalveolar and skeletal changes in short term. Both overjet and overbite had a significant decrease after treatment (MD = -2.38 mm, 95% CI: -2.82 to -1.94, p < .001, and MD = -2.43 mm, 95% CI: -3.52 to -1.35, p < .001, respectively), and SNB increased significantly by 0.73 degrees (95% CI: 0.17-1.28, p = .01). After the retention period, however, overbite had a significant increase of 0.88mm, which indicated the occurrence of a relapse (95% CI: 0.60-1.16, p < .001).
CONCLUSIONS
According to the existing evidence, the EGA treatment is effectively correcting overjet and overbite in the early mixed dentition in short term; furthermore, high-quality and long-term studies are warranted to determine its long-term effectiveness.
Topics: Dentition, Mixed; Humans; Malocclusion; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Overbite; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35191109
DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12961 -
American Journal of Orthodontics and... Feb 2023The objective of this study was to compare the cephalometric changes in Class II Division 1 malocclusion patients treated with the Twin-block (TB) and the mandibular...
INTRODUCTION
The objective of this study was to compare the cephalometric changes in Class II Division 1 malocclusion patients treated with the Twin-block (TB) and the mandibular anterior repositioning appliance (MARA).
METHODS
This retrospective study was performed with 132 lateral cephalograms of patients with Class II malocclusion divided into 3 groups: a TB group comprised 21 patients with mean initial and final ages of 10.59 and 11.97 years, respectively, treated for a mean period of 1.38 years; a MARA group comprised 21 patients with mean initial and final ages of 11.98 and 13.20 years, respectively, treated for a mean period of 1.22 years; and a control group included 24 subjects with untreated Class II malocclusion with mean initial and final ages of 10.55 and 12.01 years, respectively, observed for a mean period of 1.46 years. Cephalometric intergroup comparisons regarding the treatment changes (T2 - T1) were performed with the analysis of covariance, followed by Tukey tests.
RESULTS
Both appliances demonstrated significant restriction of the maxilla and improvement of the maxillomandibular relationship. The MARA produced a significantly greater amount of labial tipping and protrusion of the mandibular incisors than the other groups. The TB showed significant extrusion of the mandibular incisors and molars compared with MARA and control, respectively. Both treated groups reduced the overjet and overbite. The MARA presented a significantly greater reduction in the molar relationship than the other groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The appliances showed a headgear effect on the maxilla and effectively changed Class II cephalometric parameters through a combination of skeletal and dentoalveolar effects. TB showed a greater increase in LAFH. MARA promoted greater labial tipping and protrusion of the mandibular incisors.
Topics: Humans; Child; Adolescent; Retrospective Studies; Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Mandible; Cephalometry; Overbite; Maxilla; Incisor
PubMed: 36202696
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.09.021 -
European Journal of Orthodontics May 2023Paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a sleep breathing disorder which may have dramatic effects on childhood behaviour, neurodevelopment, metabolism, and overall... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a sleep breathing disorder which may have dramatic effects on childhood behaviour, neurodevelopment, metabolism, and overall health in children. Malocclusion and craniofacial morphology may be related to paediatric OSA, and therefore provide information for clinicians to recognize, evaluate and treat patients with this sleeping disorder.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this systematic review was to summarize evidence regarding the association between paediatric OSA and children's dental and craniofacial characteristics.
SEARCH METHODS
PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to 1 June 2022.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Cross-sectional studies, comparing dental or craniofacial characteristics using clinical dental examinations or radiographic findings between OSA children (less than 18 year, diagnosed with overnight polysomnography) and healthy children, were included.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies was used to assess the quality of included studies. RevMan software was used for performing the Meta-analyses.
RESULTS
Sixteen studies were included. Meta-analyses showed that the overjet (MD = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.20 to 1.51; P = 0.01), the saggital skeletal jaw discrepancy (ANB; MD = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.52; P < 0.00001) and mandibular plane angle (FH-MP; MD = 3.65, 95% CI: 2.45 to 4.85; P < 0.00001) were greater in OSA-affected children. In contrast, the upper molar arch width (upper first deciduous molar width; MD = -1.86, 95% CI: -3.52 to -0.20; P = 0.03), (Upper second deciduous molar width; MD = -1.06, 95% CI: -1.88 to -0.24; P = 0.01), SNB (MD = -2.10, 95% CI: -3.11 to -1.09; P < 0.0001), and maxillary length (ANS-PNS; MD = -1.62, 95% CI: -2.66 to -0.58; P = 0.002) were smaller in the OSA group.
CONCLUSIONS
This review shows that OSA-affected children tend to present with mandibular retroposition or retrognathia, increased mandibular plane angle and excess anterior overjet. However, these findings need to be viewed with caution as the corresponding differences may not be significant clinically.
REGISTRATION
PROSPERO (CRD42020162274).
Topics: Child; Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Overbite; Malocclusion; Polysomnography; Retrognathia
PubMed: 36763565
DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjac074 -
American Journal of Orthodontics and... Aug 2022Although the Invisalign appliance has reported difficulty in achieving the overbite outcomes predicted by ClinCheck software (Align Technology, Santa Clara, Calif), the...
INTRODUCTION
Although the Invisalign appliance has reported difficulty in achieving the overbite outcomes predicted by ClinCheck software (Align Technology, Santa Clara, Calif), the effect of modifications to the material and components of the appliance are largely unquantified. This study aimed to investigate and determine the accuracy of Invisalign in correcting a deep overbite by comparing the predicted outcome from ClinCheck to the achieved posttreatment outcome for treatment groups that use different components of the appliance system.
METHODS
A retrospective study was conducted using pretreatment and posttreatment intraoral scans and predicted outcomes (ClinCheck) stereolithography files of 2 groups of consecutively treated adult patients from private specialist orthodontic practices, 1 group treated with EX30 material with no bite ramps (n = 29) and 1 treated with the newer SmartTrack material and precision bite ramps (n = 39). Inclusion criteria comprised nonextraction treatment, with a minimum of 14 dual arch Invisalign aligners using a 2-weekly aligner change protocol. Geomagic Control X software (3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC) was used to measure overbite in the pretreatment, posttreatment, and predicted outcome stereolithography files for each patient. Results were compared with a previously published treatment group that used SmartTrack material and no precision bite ramps.
RESULTS
The regression coefficient analysis indicated that for both groups, the deeper the pretreatment overbite and the greater overbite reduction projected according to ClinCheck, there is a linear increase in the discrepancy of overbite expression posttreatment. ClinCheck overpredicted overbite reduction in 96.6% of patients with precision bite ramp in which, on average, 43.4% of the prescribed overbite reduction was expressed. For EX30 patients, ClinCheck overpredicted overbite reduction in 87.2% of patients in which, on average, 55.1% of the prescribed overbite reduction was expressed.
CONCLUSIONS
The use of precision bite ramps does not appear to significantly improve the ability of SmartTrack material to predictably open the bite. SmartTrack material with or without bite ramps does not appear to produce better bite opening predictability than that seen with EX30 material.
Topics: Adult; Dental Occlusion; Humans; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Orthodontic Appliances, Removable; Overbite; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35750579
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2022.05.012 -
International Orthodontics Jun 2018The aim of this regression analysis was to identify the determining factors, which impact the curve of Spee during its genesis, its therapeutic reconstruction, and its...
INTRODUCTION
The aim of this regression analysis was to identify the determining factors, which impact the curve of Spee during its genesis, its therapeutic reconstruction, and its stability, within a continuously evolving craniofacial morphology throughout life.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We selected a total of 107 patients, according to the inclusion criteria. A morphological and functional clinical examination was performed for each patient: plaster models, tracing of the curve of Spee, crowding, Angle's classification, overjet and overbite were thus recorded. Then, we made a cephalometric analysis based on the standardized lateral cephalograms. In the sagittal dimension, we measured the values of angles ANB, SNA, SNB, SND, I/i; and the following distances: AoBo, I/NA, i/NB, SE and SL. In the vertical dimension, we measured the values of angles FMA, GoGn/SN, the occlusal plane, and the following distances: SAr, ArD, Ar/Con, Con/Gn, GoPo, HFP, HFA and IF. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software with a significance level of 0.05.
RESULTS
Our sample including 107 subjects was composed of 77 female patients (71.3%) and 30 male patients (27.8%) 7 hypodivergent patients (6.5%), 56 hyperdivergent patients (52.3%) and 44 normodivergent patients (41.1%). Patients' mean age was 19.35±5.95 years. The hypodivergent patients presented more pronounced curves of Spee compared to the normodivergent and the hyperdivergent populations; patients in skeletal Class I presented less pronounced curves of Spee compared to patients in skeletal Class II and Class III. These differences were non significant (P>0.05). The curve of Spee was positively and moderately correlated with Angle's classification, overjet, overbite, sellion-articulare distance, and breathing type (P<0.05). We found no correlation between age, gender and the other parameters included in the study with the curve of Spee (P>0.05). Seventy five percent (75%) of the hyperdivergent patients with an oral breathing presented an overbite of 3mm, which is quite excessive given the characteristics often admitted for this typology; this parameter could explain the overbite observed in the hyperdivergent population included in this study. For the multivariate analysis, the overbite and the sellion-articulare distance remained independently related to the curve of Spee according to the breathing type, Angle's classification, and overjet. This regression model explains 21.4% of the changes in the curve of Spee.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anatomic Landmarks; Cephalometry; Dental Arch; Dental Occlusion; Face; Female; Humans; Incisor; Male; Malocclusion; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Mandible; Multivariate Analysis; Overbite; Regression Analysis; Statistics, Nonparametric; Vertical Dimension; Young Adult
PubMed: 29685399
DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2018.03.025 -
The Angle Orthodontist Jul 2022To evaluate the relationship between dental malocclusion and speech to understand the etiology of speech sound disorders (SSD) in schoolchildren and to make a correct...
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the relationship between dental malocclusion and speech to understand the etiology of speech sound disorders (SSD) in schoolchildren and to make a correct diagnosis and treatment plan.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Articulation and dental occlusion, oromyofunctional evaluation with orofacial praxis and musculature, resting tongue position, and swallowing pattern were analyzed in 290 schoolchildren between the ages of 4 and 7 years. Statistical tests were considered significant for P < .05.
RESULTS
A significant association between dental malocclusions (Angle Class II and III, anterior open bite, edge-to-edge bite, overjet and anterior crossbite) and phonetic alterations (P = .008) was observed. Sigmatisms and rhotacisms were the most frequent disorders. Malocclusions also showed a significant association with oral habits and with orofacial praxis and muscle activity.
CONCLUSIONS
The presence of malocclusion can cause imbalances in the functions involved in the stomatognathic system. Awareness of this relationship in young children would help professionals to implement preventive measures for the optimum development of children's oral health.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Malocclusion; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Open Bite; Overbite; Prevalence; Tongue Habits
PubMed: 35275982
DOI: 10.2319/043021-342.1