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BMC Cardiovascular Disorders Jun 2023Data on the impact of age at onset of overweight/obesity on the risk of hypertension are limited. We aimed to investigate the above-mentioned association in Chinese...
BACKGROUND
Data on the impact of age at onset of overweight/obesity on the risk of hypertension are limited. We aimed to investigate the above-mentioned association in Chinese population.
METHODS
6700 adults who participated in at least three survey waves and were free of overweight/obesity and hypertension on first survey were included using China Health and Nutrition Survey. The age of participants at the onset of overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥ 24 kg/m) and subsequent hypertension occurrence (blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg or use of antihypertensive medication) were identified. We used the covariate-adjusted Poisson model with robust standard error to calculate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) to examine the relationship between the age at onset of overweight/obesity and hypertension.
RESULTS
There were 2,284 new-onset overweight/obesity cases and 2,268 incident cases of hypertension during an average 13.8-year follow-up period. Compared with the population without overweight/obesity, the RR (95% CI) of hypertension was 1.45 (1.28-1.65), 1.35 (1.21-1.52) and 1.16 (1.06-1.28) for overweight/obesity onset in participants aged < 38 years, 38-47 years, and ≥ 47 years, respectively. The risk of hypertension increased linearly with a decrease in age at onset of overweight/obesity (P < 0.001 for trend). The sensitivity analyses results were similar after excluding the participants taking antihypertensive medications or those with new-onset obesity or using waist circumference to define overweight/obesity.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results emphasize the importance of assessing age at onset of overweight/obesity to prevent hypertension.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Age of Onset; Antihypertensive Agents; East Asian People; Hypertension; Obesity; Overweight
PubMed: 37391689
DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03347-z -
Journal of Perinatal Medicine Jan 2023Overweight and obesity in pregnancy and prepregnancy are perinatal risks. Studies showed prevention of these risks with counseling about the risks and treatment... (Review)
Review
Overweight and obesity in pregnancy and prepregnancy are perinatal risks. Studies showed prevention of these risks with counseling about the risks and treatment strategies like lifestyle interventions as exercise on a daily basis, nutritional health and diet.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Overweight; Pregnant Women; Pregnancy Complications; Obesity; Diet; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 36018720
DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2022-0313 -
Journal of Intellectual Disability... Sep 2014Elevated weight status has become a leading problem for adults and children around the world, regardless of the presence or lack of disability. Youth with intellectual... (Review)
Review
Elevated weight status has become a leading problem for adults and children around the world, regardless of the presence or lack of disability. Youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities are more vulnerable than the typical population to overweight in recent decades, and these individuals often experience overweight and obesity at higher rates than their typically developing peers. Young people with disabilities have many circumstances, beyond those of typically developing children, which increase their risk for greater body mass. These include greater medication use, having syndromes with obesity as an associated symptom, and possessing altered eating habits related to their disability. We discuss obesity-related health risks, possible weight management options, recommendations for weight maintenance or loss, and future research. Although most professionals who work with youth having developmental disabilities do not have great expertise in nutrition and weight management, we must collectively recognise the importance of weight issues for quality of life of these individuals and work with them in maintaining healthy lifestyles. Intervention options, both for caregivers and for health professionals, are discussed.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Comorbidity; Developmental Disabilities; Humans; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity
PubMed: 24020517
DOI: 10.1111/jir.12090 -
L'Encephale Jun 2019Obesity has become a public health problem. But care, mainly diets, is often ineffective over the long term. Emotional therapies seem to be an interesting track... (Review)
Review
Obesity has become a public health problem. But care, mainly diets, is often ineffective over the long term. Emotional therapies seem to be an interesting track especially for emotional eating. After defining two key concepts of emotional eating and acceptance, the theoretical frameworks of the different emotional therapies used in the treatment of overweight or obesity will be presented: Mindfulness-Based for Eating Disorder (MB-EAT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Acceptance-Based Behavioral Treatment for Weight Loss (ABT). The goal is to understand their usefulness in the treatment of overweight or obesity and perhaps avoid using contradictory techniques such as dieting with mindfulness. If current results are promising, the effectiveness of these therapies needs to be confirmed by new studies. Finally, the article points to the emergence of new "integrative" therapies that resemble the others presented and are related but are in fact the exact opposite. Control and acceptance are indeed antithetical.
Topics: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy; Behavior Therapy; Emotions; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Mindfulness; Obesity; Overweight; Psychotherapy
PubMed: 30961969
DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2019.02.009 -
JAMA Network Open Jul 2023Soft drink consumption is associated with weight gain in children and adolescents, but little is known about the association between soft drink consumption and...
IMPORTANCE
Soft drink consumption is associated with weight gain in children and adolescents, but little is known about the association between soft drink consumption and prevalence of the overweight and obesity in adolescents.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the association of soft drink consumption with overweight and obesity in adolescents enrolled in school (hereafter, school-going adolescents) using country-level and individual-level data.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This cross-sectional study used data from 3 cross-sectional studies including 107 countries and regions that participated in the Global School-Based Student Health Survey (2009-2017), the European Health Behavior in School-Aged Children study (2017-2018), and the US Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2019).
EXPOSURE
Daily soft drink consumption (consuming soft drinks 1 or more times per day or not).
MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE
Overweight and obesity defined by the World Health Organization Growth Reference Data.
RESULTS
Among the 107 countries and regions, 65 were low- and middle-income, and 42 were high-income countries and regions, with a total of 405 528 school-going adolescents (mean [SD] age, 14.2 [1.7] years; 196 147 [48.4%] males). The prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescent students varied from 3.3% (95% CI, 2.6 to 4.1) in Cambodia to 64.0% (95% CI, 57.0 to 71.6) in Niue, and the prevalence of adolescent students consuming soft drinks 1 or more times per day varied from 3.3% (95% CI, 2.9 to 3.7) in Iceland to 79.6% (95% CI, 74.0 to 85.3) in Niue. There was a positive correlation between the prevalence of daily soft drink consumption and the prevalence of overweight and obesity (R, 0.44; P < .001). The pooled analysis using individual-level data also showed a statistically significant association between daily soft drink consumption and overweight and obesity (daily soft drink consumption vs nondaily soft drink consumption), with an odds ratio of 1.14 (95% CI, 1.08 to 1.21) among school-going adolescents.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this study of 107 countries and regions, the prevalence of daily consumption of soft drinks was associated with the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescent students. Our results, in conjunction with other evidence, suggest that reducing soft drink consumption should be a priority in combating adolescent overweight and obesity.
Topics: Male; Child; Humans; Adolescent; Female; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Carbonated Beverages; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 37486630
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.25158 -
High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular... Sep 2023Obesity has been associated with increased arterial stiffness. Sex-differences in arterial stiffness in obesity have been less explored.
INTRODUCTION
Obesity has been associated with increased arterial stiffness. Sex-differences in arterial stiffness in obesity have been less explored.
AIM
To explore sex-differences in arterial stiffness by applanation tonometry in 323 women and 225 with overweight and obesity, free of cardiovascular disease.
METHODS
Covariables of arterial stiffness were identified in multivariable linear regression analyses in the total cohort and separately in women and men.
RESULTS
In the total study cohort, women had higher augmentation pressure (AP) and augmentation index (AIx), and lower carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) than men, independent of confounders (all p < 0.001). In sex-specific analyses, higher AP was associated with higher age and 24-hours systolic blood pressure (BP), and with lower heart rate in women (all p < 0.001), and with higher age and BP in men (all p < 0.001). Similarly, higher AIx was associated with higher age and BP, and lower body mass index (BMI) and heart rate in women (all p < 0.05), and with higher age in men (all p < 0.001). Higher cf-PWV correlated with higher age and BP in women (all p < 0.005), and additionally with higher heart rate and non-smoking in men (all p < 0.05). When replacing BMI with waist-hip ratio, higher waist-hip ratio was associated with higher cf-PWV in men only (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Among subjects with overweight and obesity, AP and AIx were higher in women, and cf-PWV was higher in men. Age and 24-hours systolic BP were the main factors associated with arterial stiffness in both sexes, while measures of adiposity had little impact on arterial stiffness.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Young Adult; Adult; Blood Pressure; Overweight; Pulse Wave Analysis; Vascular Stiffness; Obesity
PubMed: 37505440
DOI: 10.1007/s40292-023-00593-2 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Oct 2017Although overweight and obesity are widespread across most of the developed world, a considerable body of research has now accumulated, which suggests that adiposity... (Review)
Review
Although overweight and obesity are widespread across most of the developed world, a considerable body of research has now accumulated, which suggests that adiposity often goes undetected. A substantial proportion of individuals with overweight or obesity do not identify they are overweight, and large numbers of parents of children with overweight or obesity fail to identify their child as being overweight. Lay people and medical practitioners are also now poor at identifying overweight and obesity in others. A visual normalization theory of the under-detection of overweight and obesity is proposed. This theory is based on the notion that weight status is judged relative to visual body size norms. Because larger body sizes are now common, this has caused a recalibration to the range of body sizes that are perceived as being 'normal' and increased the visual threshold for what constitutes 'overweight'. Evidence is reviewed that indicates this process has played a significant role in the under-detection of overweight and obesity. The public health relevance of the under-detection of overweight and obesity is also discussed.
Topics: Body Image; Humans; Overweight; Parents; Pediatric Obesity; Social Norms; Social Perception
PubMed: 28730613
DOI: 10.1111/obr.12570 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Jan 2018Prior research has suggested that obesity/overweight may be associated with deficits in executive function. If true, this has important clinical implications. In this... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Prior research has suggested that obesity/overweight may be associated with deficits in executive function. If true, this has important clinical implications. In this review, we synthesize the current literature by conducting a meta-analysis of studies comparing executive functions in overweight/obese individuals to normal weight controls. We identified 72 studies-with 4904 overweight/obese participants-that met our inclusion criteria. Effect sizes were analyzed using the robust variance estimation random effects meta-regression technique. It was found that obese participants showed broad impairments on executive function, including on tasks primarily utilizing inhibition, cognitive flexibility, working memory, decision-making, verbal fluency, and planning; overweight participants only showed significant deficits in inhibition and working memory. The only moderator of effects of obesity to emerge significant was the task used to assess the respective executive function, which moderated effects of obesity on working memory and decision-making. There were not enough studies of overweight individuals to make strong claims about moderating effects in those studies. In sum, current evidence supports the existence of broad executive function deficits in obese individuals, and inhibition and working memory deficits in overweight individuals.
Topics: Executive Function; Humans; Neuropsychological Tests; Obesity; Overweight
PubMed: 29203421
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.11.020 -
Primary Care Mar 2016This article provides behavioral strategies for working with obese patients and families within a primary care context. A multifactorial model for the etiology of... (Review)
Review
This article provides behavioral strategies for working with obese patients and families within a primary care context. A multifactorial model for the etiology of obesity from which to adopt treatment strategies is provided. Optimal views to set up effective patient encounters and specific recommendations to motivate and support patients are discussed. Multicomponent programs include a combination of nutritional, physical activity, and cognitive behavioral approaches to target overweight/obesity. The focus is on behavioral approaches and practical applications, such as motivational interviewing techniques.
Topics: Cooperative Behavior; Cultural Competency; Diet; Exercise; Goals; Humans; Motivational Interviewing; Obesity; Overweight; Patient Care Team; Primary Health Care; Social Stigma; Weight Loss
PubMed: 26896208
DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2015.10.004 -
International Journal of Medical... Dec 2018Internet-based self-monitoring intervention offers accessibleand convenient weight management. This review aimed to systematically review the evidence on the... (Review)
Review Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Internet-based self-monitoring intervention offers accessibleand convenient weight management. This review aimed to systematically review the evidence on the effectiveness of internet-based self-monitoring intervention for overweight and obese adolescents.
METHOD
PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, ProQuest, PsycINFO and SCOPUS were systematically searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) from inception until December 13, 2017. The risk of bias and strength of evidence was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations criteria. Meta-analysis was performed on the RevMan software using a random effects model. The overall effect was assessed using effect size (Cohen'sd)and heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochrane Q and I values. PROSPERO database #CRD42016050089.
RESULTS
A total of 6841 records were identified. Six RCTs in 10 articles were selected amongst 505 adolescents across three countries who were overweight and obese. The meta-analysis revealed a small effect on the reduction of body mass index (BMI) and BMI z-scores (d = 0.30, 95% CI: -0.48 to -0.12). Subgroup analyses suggest the use of daily multicomponent self-monitoring, specified goal setting, face-to-face counselling and parental involvement. The overall quality of evidence was low due to the risk of bias and imprecision.
CONCLUSION
Internet-based self-monitoring intervention is a possible approach for overweight and obese adolescents to reduce their BMI. Further well-designed RCTs with follow-up data and large sample sizes are needed to ensure the robustness of the evidence.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Internet; Obesity; Overweight; Self-Management; Software
PubMed: 30409343
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2018.09.019