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Schizophrenia Bulletin Apr 2024It has been proposed that cat ownership may be a risk-modifying factor for schizophrenia-related disorders and psychotic-like experiences (PLE). This study aimed to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
It has been proposed that cat ownership may be a risk-modifying factor for schizophrenia-related disorders and psychotic-like experiences (PLE). This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze publications that reported the relationship between cat ownership and schizophrenia-related outcomes.
METHODOLOGY
We searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and gray literature for publications between January 1, 1980, and May 30, 2023, regardless of geographical location and language. Backward citation search methods were used to locate additional articles. We included studies that reported original data on cat ownership and schizophrenia-related outcomes. We meta-analyzed estimates based on broad definitions (cat ownership, cat bites, and cat contact) with estimates with or without covariate adjustments. We pooled comparable estimates using random-effects models and assessed the risk of bias, heterogeneity, and study quality.
RESULTS
We identified 1915 studies, of which 106 were chosen for full-text review, ultimately resulting in the inclusion of 17 studies. We found an association between broadly defined cat ownership and increased odds of developing schizophrenia-related disorders. For the studies reporting unadjusted odds ratios (OR; n = 10), the pooled OR was 2.14 (95% CI: 1.29-3.55). Exclusion of one outlier study resulted in a pooled OR (n = 9) of 1.56 (95% CI: 1.27-1.92). For the studies reporting adjusted estimates (n = 5), the pooled OR was 2.44 (95% CI: 1.59-3.73). After excluding one study with suboptimal exposure/design features, the pooled adjusted OR (n = 4) was 2.40 (95% CI: 1.50-3.86). We were unable to aggregate the estimates for the PLE outcomes because of the broad range of measures.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings provide support for the hypothesis that cat exposure is associated with an increased risk of broadly defined schizophrenia-related disorders; however, the findings related to PLE as an outcome are mixed. There is a need for more high-quality studies in this field.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION
PROSPERO 2023 CRD42023426974. Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023426974.
Topics: Humans; Schizophrenia; Cats; Psychotic Disorders; Animals; Ownership; Pets
PubMed: 38041862
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad168 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Jun 2021This article reviews how objects can serve as indicators of one's identity and signals of important life events. Objects carry both personal and social meaning, and... (Review)
Review
This article reviews how objects can serve as indicators of one's identity and signals of important life events. Objects carry both personal and social meaning, and ownership or usage increases the linkage between the object and the self. Owned objects are valued more due to their linkage with the (positively viewed) self. Similarly, self-views can assimilate to the associations of the owned or used object. We rely on the insights of consistency theories (e.g. Balance Theory) to provide a unifying umbrella for the literature, and we review how the acquisition and abandonment of objects can shape self-views, affect task performance, and serve as inward and outward signals of group membership.
Topics: Humans; Ownership; Self Concept; Task Performance and Analysis
PubMed: 32784113
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.07.013 -
World Neurosurgery Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Ownership; Neurosurgery; Social Responsibility
PubMed: 38850009
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.04.045 -
Nature Microbiology Oct 2023Several studies have reported increased microbial diversity, or distinct microbial community compositions, in the microbiomes of Indigenous peoples around the world.... (Review)
Review
Several studies have reported increased microbial diversity, or distinct microbial community compositions, in the microbiomes of Indigenous peoples around the world. However, there is a widespread failure to include Indigenous cultures and perspectives in microbiome research programmes, and ethical issues pertaining to microbiome research involving Indigenous participants have not received enough attention. We discuss the benefits and risks arising from microbiome research involving Indigenous peoples and analyse microbiome ownership as an ethical concept in this context. We argue that microbiome ownership represents an opportunity for Indigenous peoples to steward and protect their resident microbial communities at every stage of research.
Topics: Humans; Ownership; Indigenous Peoples
PubMed: 37770744
DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01470-3 -
The Veterinary Record Jan 2022
Topics: Animals; Ownership; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35061258
DOI: 10.1002/vetr.1413 -
Preventive Medicine Mar 2020Although there is no empirical evidence linking gun ownership with better sleep, speculation is widespread in gun culture. We assess the direct association between gun...
Although there is no empirical evidence linking gun ownership with better sleep, speculation is widespread in gun culture. We assess the direct association between gun ownership and sleep disturbance and whether gun ownership moderates the association between neighborhood fear and sleep disturbance. We use four waves of cross-sectional data from the General Social Survey (2010-2018) and logistic regression to model sleep disturbance as a function of gun ownership and test the statistical interaction of gun ownership and neighborhood fear. Our analyses demonstrate that gun ownership is unrelated to sleep disturbance across sleep specifications. None of the statistical interactions between gun ownership and neighborhood fear reached statistical significance. Although being afraid to walk alone at night in one's neighborhood is associated with restless sleep, owning a gun is no consolation. In ancillary analyses, we observed that gun ownership is unrelated to sleep disturbance across survey years and a range of subpopulations. In the first empirical study of gun ownership and sleep, we find consistent evidence to suggest that people who own guns do not report better sleep in general or in the context of living in a dangerous neighborhood. Our analyses are important because they contribute to our understanding of the epidemiology of sleep. They also challenge theoretical perspectives and cultural narratives about how having a gun in the home helps individuals and their families to feel safe, secure, and protected. Additional research is needed to replicate our findings using longitudinal data and more reliable measures of sleep disturbance.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Fear; Female; Firearms; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ownership; Residence Characteristics; Sleep Wake Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Urban Population
PubMed: 31987978
DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.105996 -
The Behavioral and Brain Sciences Oct 2023Psychological ownership may be judged differently or similarly for self and others. Potential differences in how ownership is evaluated by actors and observers raise...
Psychological ownership may be judged differently or similarly for self and others. Potential differences in how ownership is evaluated by actors and observers raise important questions about the concept of ownership (what is Mine, Ours, and Theirs) and how to resolve conflicting perceptions.
Topics: Humans; Ownership
PubMed: 37813464
DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X23001346 -
The Veterinary Record Mar 2020
Topics: Animal Welfare; Animals; Dangerous Behavior; Humans; Ownership; Pets; Politics; United Kingdom
PubMed: 32198238
DOI: 10.1136/vr.m3000 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Jun 2021Object ownership changes how people perceive objects and self through psychological ownership-the feeling that a thing is MINE. Psychological ownership usually tracks... (Review)
Review
Object ownership changes how people perceive objects and self through psychological ownership-the feeling that a thing is MINE. Psychological ownership usually tracks legal ownership, but the two can and do diverge. In this integrative review, I propose a dual-process model of psychological ownership. Antecedents of psychological ownership form self-object associations prompting an implicit inference of psychological ownership, which can then be accepted, corrected, or rejected by explicit judgments. The model explains cases where psychological ownership and legal ownership conflict and predicts psychological ownership felt in a variety of relationships between people and objects, including objects they legally own and use, objects they use but do not legally own, and objects they legally own but do not use.
Topics: Humans; Judgment; Ownership
PubMed: 33321413
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.10.003 -
The Behavioral and Brain Sciences Oct 2023We discuss and expand Boyer's idea of ownership coordination. Interpersonal similarity, we suggest, can moderate the attainment of coordination: Perceived similarity...
We discuss and expand Boyer's idea of ownership coordination. Interpersonal similarity, we suggest, can moderate the attainment of coordination: Perceived similarity predicts coordination costs, whereas actual similarity dictates coordination success and the severity of illusory assumptions regarding a shared understanding of ownership. The example of similarity highlights the complexity of the social projection process uncritically assumed behind ownership coordination.
Topics: Humans; Ownership
PubMed: 37813458
DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X23001413