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Neuropsychologia Oct 2019A prominent question in timing research is whether meter perception is possible without attention to meter. So far, research has probed attention effects on meter...
A prominent question in timing research is whether meter perception is possible without attention to meter. So far, research has probed attention effects on meter perception with a surface-based approach that may create confounds between meter and rhythm, and not with a structural approach requiring abstraction from surface patterns. The available pattern of findings suggests that different meter dimensions (meter as beat hierarchy vs. meter as regular cycle length) may yield different attention effects: meter as cycle-length regularity may require attention (it is attentive but not pre-attentive), while meter as beat-hierarchy may be pre-attentive. However, it is unknown whether this dissociation prevails under structural meter processing. We examined attention effects on the EEG correlates of structural meter-processing, considering the two dimensions of meter perception: hierarchy and cycle-length. While the results for hierarchy violations were inconclusive, cycle-length violations induced pre-attentive, but not attentive, responses. These pre-attentive responses corresponded to late ERPs (300-600 ms), consistent with deep, structural meter-processing. Our findings highlight the importance of pre-attentive processing in meter perception, and they raise the hypothesis of dissociation between surface- and structure-based meter processing.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Adolescent; Adult; Attention; Auditory Perception; Brain; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials; Evoked Potentials, Auditory; Female; Humans; Male; Music; Time Perception; Young Adult
PubMed: 31518576
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107184 -
HardwareX Sep 2023Acid-base titration is a quantitative analysis that enables knowing the quantity of acidic or basic groups present in a solution sample. It consists in the addition of...
Acid-base titration is a quantitative analysis that enables knowing the quantity of acidic or basic groups present in a solution sample. It consists in the addition of base or acid to the solution sample while monitoring the pH to reach a neutral pH. The titration can be automated and here we present a low cost Arduino based Open Source Pump (OSPump) modified to act as an automated titrator with an obsolete but reliable Metrohm 713 pH meter. Our device is 50 times less expensive than second hand units from the pH meter manufacturer and inherently open to customization. We present two validation cases of study, including the lipolysis of a vegetable olive oil in water emulsion, characterized by the OSPump Titrator.
PubMed: 37649586
DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2023.e00464 -
The Journal of Sports Medicine and... Jan 2023In sports, 10 m, 30 m and 40m events are used to test the athlete's acceleration ability, which depends on the coordination of physiological and neural function and can... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
In sports, 10 m, 30 m and 40m events are used to test the athlete's acceleration ability, which depends on the coordination of physiological and neural function and can be greatly improved through scientific training.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
This study conducted a systematic meta-analysis on the intermittent time of post-activation potentiation enhancement (PAPE) and the outcome measure was the sprint ability in 10 m and 30 m events. Data Sources : Web of Science, PubMed, ProQuest, Embase, Science Direct, Google Scholar, WanFang Data and CNKI. Study eligibility criteria : to qualify for inclusion in meta-analysis, the study must be: 1) healthy people (athletes, students); 2) randomized controlled trials; 3) Barbell squat was used to induce PAPE; 4) intervention period of at least 6 weeks; and 5) an outcome indicator of sprinting ability.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
We used the inverse-variance random-effects model for meta-analyses. Effect sizes (standardized mean difference), calculated from measures of horizontally orientated performance, were represented by the standardized mean difference and presented alongside 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of 9 studies including 141 participants, met the inclusion criteria. The sprint ability in 10 meters (ES=-0.03, P<0.0001) and 30 meters events (ES=-0.03, P=0.004) could be significantly improved when the intermittent time of PAPE was 4-8 min. When the intensity of the squat load was 85%1RM~100%1RM, compared with the intermittent time of 0-3min, 9-12min, and more than 13min, the sprint ability in 10 meters (ES=-0.04, P<0.0001) and 30 meters events (ES=-0.08, P=0.0001) was incredibly enhanced if the intermittent time was 4-8 minutes. Compared with college students, the sprint ability in 10-meter (ES=-0.03, P<0.0001) and 30-meter (ES=-0.04, P=0.001) events was significantly improved in athletes when the intermittent time of PAPE was 4-8 minutes. Compared with non-ball games, the sprint ability in 10 meters (ES=-0.04, P<0.0001) and 30 meters (ES=-0.09, P=0.0002) in ball games was significantly improved when the intermittent time of PAPE was 4-8 minutes.
CONCLUSIONS
Our meta-analysis indicated that when squats were used as the induction and the load intensity was 85% 1RM~100% 1RM, the sprint ability in 10-meter and 30-meter events could be significantly improved if the intermittent time was 4-8min. According to the analysis on different population, compared with college students and non-ball games, the 10-meter and 30-meter the sprint ability were significantly improved in athletes and ball games when the intermittent time was 4-8 minutes. Therefore, future research should focus on developing a reasonable combination of load stimulation and intermittent time according to the sprint ability to better induce PAPE.
Topics: Humans; Athletic Performance; Resistance Training; Acceleration; Athletes; Posture
PubMed: 35620952
DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.22.13502-4 -
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science... 2022Viral inactivation has been demonstrated to be an effective viral clearance step in the biologics purification processes. In the 2019 Viral Clearance Symposium, the...
Viral inactivation has been demonstrated to be an effective viral clearance step in the biologics purification processes. In the 2019 Viral Clearance Symposium, the topics were focused on alternative eco-friendly and cost-effective detergents, validation of on-column viral inactivation, and further understanding of low pH and solvent/detergent viral inactivation. Sugar-based surfactants and a synthetized replacement of Triton X-100 were evaluated to be effective and robust in inactivating enveloped viruses. For low pH viral inactivation, consistent pH measurement, through alignment of pH meters and probes across different labs and manufacturing facilities, was confirmed to be critical to ensure both product quality and safety. For the well-established solvent/detergent inactivation, an approach of adding premixed solvent/detergent stock significantly improved operation. Different viral clearance approaches were discussed for on-column viral inactivation using a detergent-containing wash buffer.
Topics: Detergents; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Solvents; Virus Inactivation; Viruses
PubMed: 34911831
DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2021.012681 -
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology... Jun 2021The aim of the study was to determine the extent of agreement between pH paper and handheld pH meter with a laboratory pH meter for gastric pH measurement in children... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study was to determine the extent of agreement between pH paper and handheld pH meter with a laboratory pH meter for gastric pH measurement in children with neurologic impairments and gastrostomy tubes who have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
METHODS
In this prospective observational study, gastric contents were aspirated from gastric or nasogastric tubes and the pH measured using 3 techniques: pH paper, handheld pH meter, and laboratory pH meter (the gold standard). Agreement between techniques was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland-Altman analysis, and kappa statistic.
RESULTS
Among 43 patients contributing 67 gastric samples, the ICC was 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69-0.97) between the handheld and laboratory meters, 0.69 (95% CI: 0.63--0.94) between the pH paper and laboratory meter and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.63-0.94) between the handheld meter and paper. The Bland-Altman analysis between the handheld and lab meters showed a mean difference of -0.03 pH units (limits of agreement: -0.52 to 0.47 pH units) and 0.17 pH units (limits of agreement: -0.99 to 1.33 pH units) between the paper and lab meter. The kappa coefficients for a pH ≥4 were 1.0 (95% CI: 1.0--1.0) between the handheld and lab meters and 0.9 (95% CI: 0.77--1.0) between the paper and lab meter.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest that both point-of-care tests, the pH meter and pH paper, correlate well with the gold standard for testing pH with a laboratory pH meter, indicating usefulness in point-of-care testing for monitoring gastric pH in tube-fed children with neurologic impairments and GERD.
Topics: Child; Enteral Nutrition; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intubation, Gastrointestinal; Point-of-Care Testing; Stomach
PubMed: 33605659
DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000003087 -
Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular... Aug 2022Pulmonary artery denervation (PADN) can reduce the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, reduce pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), and improve the quality of life in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Pulmonary artery denervation (PADN) can reduce the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, reduce pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), and improve the quality of life in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). We conducted a systematic meta-analysis of the effectiveness of PADN in the treatment of PH patients.
METHODS
This is a comprehensive literature search including all public clinical trials investigating the effects of PADN on PH. Outcomes were mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), cardiac output (CO), right ventricular (RV) Tei index, 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), and New York Heart Association (NYHA) cardiac function grading.
RESULTS
A total of eight clinical studies with 213 PH patients who underwent PADN were included. Meta-analysis showed that after PADN, mPAP (mean difference [] -12.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] -17.74 to -7.27, P<0.00001) (mmHg) and PVR ( -5.17, 95% CI -7.70 to -2.65, P<0.0001) (Wood unit) decreased significantly, CO ( 0.59, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.86, P<0.0001) (L/min) and 6MWD ( 107.75, 95% CI 65.64 to 149.86, P<0.00001) (meter) increased significantly, and RV Tei index ( -0.05, 95% CI -0.28 to 0.17, P=0.63) did not change significantly. Also after PADN, the proportion of NYHA cardiac function grading (risk ratio 0.23, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.37, P<0.00001) III and IV decreased significantly.
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis supports PADN as a potential new treatment for PH. Further high-quality randomized controlled studies are needed.
Topics: Denervation; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Pulmonary Artery; Quality of Life; Vascular Resistance
PubMed: 35976208
DOI: 10.21470/1678-9741-2020-0533 -
Pediatric Research Mar 2021Transcutaneous bilirubinometry is a widely used screening method for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Deviation of the transcutaneous bilirubin concentration (TcB) from the...
BACKGROUND
Transcutaneous bilirubinometry is a widely used screening method for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Deviation of the transcutaneous bilirubin concentration (TcB) from the total serum bilirubin concentration (TSB) is often ascribed to biological variation between patients, but variations between TcB meters may also have a role. This study aims to provide a systematic evaluation of the inter-device reproducibility of TcB meters.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirteen commercially available TcB meters (JM-105 and JM-103) were evaluated in vitro on phantoms that optically mimic neonatal skin. The mimicked TcB was varied within the clinical range (0.5-181.3 μmol/L).
RESULTS
Absolute differences between TcB meter outcomes increased with the measured TcB, from a difference of 5.0 μmol/L (TcB = 0.5 μmol/L phantom) up to 65.0 μmol/L (TcB = 181.3 μmol/L phantom).
CONCLUSION
The inter-device reproducibility of the examined TcB meters is substantial and exceeds the specified accuracy of the device (±25.5 μmol/L), as well as the clinically used TcB safety margins (>50 µmol/L below phototherapy threshold). Healthcare providers should be well aware of this additional uncertainty in the TcB determination, especially when multiple TcB meters are employed in the same clinic. We strongly advise using a single TcB meter per patient to evaluate the TcB over time.
IMPACT
Key message: The inter-device reproducibility of TcB meters is substantial and exceeds the clinically used TcB safety margins. What this study adds to existing literature: The inter-device reproducibility of transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) meters has not been reported in the existing literature. This in vitro study systematically evaluates this inter-device reproducibility.
IMPACT
This study aids in a better interpretation of the measured TcB value from a patient and is of particular importance during patient monitoring when using multiple TcB meters within the same clinical department. We strongly advise using a single TcB meter per patient to evaluate the TcB over time.
Topics: Bilirubin; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Equipment Design; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature; Monitoring, Physiologic; Neonatal Screening; Phantoms, Imaging; Reproducibility of Results; Skin Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 32919392
DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01118-6 -
Heliyon Feb 2020Urinary dipsticks are often used for the diagnosis of kidney, liver, metabolic, and urogenital diseases in cattle clinical practice for the simplicity of use and ease of...
Urinary dipsticks are often used for the diagnosis of kidney, liver, metabolic, and urogenital diseases in cattle clinical practice for the simplicity of use and ease of access. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the agreement between urinary dipsticks and pH-meter for the urine pH in dairy cattle, and also to compare the urine pH before and after centrifugation from each method. The agreement between urine dipstick and pH-meter methods before and after centrifuge were calculated by Passing-Bablok regression analysis demonstrated constant differences (intercept) at 0.60 and -1.01 and positive proportional differences (slope) at 0.94 and 1.13; respectively. Total bias estimated by Bland-Altman plot analysis before (0.20) and after (0.14) centrifuge were lower than the acceptable bias in urine samples. The regression analysis of this study emphasized that the urinary dipstick can be used to determine the cattle urine.
PubMed: 32055734
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03316 -
Journal of Human Lactation : Official... Nov 2016There is no uniformity among milk banks on milk acceptance criteria. The acidity obtained by the Dornic titration technique is a widely used quality control in donor...
BACKGROUND
There is no uniformity among milk banks on milk acceptance criteria. The acidity obtained by the Dornic titration technique is a widely used quality control in donor milk. However, there are no comparative data with other acidity-measuring techniques, such as the pH meter.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to assess the correlation between the Dornic technique and the pH measure to determine the pH cutoff corresponding to the Dornic degree limit value used as a reference for donor milk quality control.
METHODS
Fifty-two human milk samples were obtained from 48 donors. Acidity was measured using the Dornic method and pH meter in triplicate. Statistical data analysis to estimate significant correlations between variables was carried out. The Dornic acidity value that led to rejecting donor milk was ≥ 8 Dornic degrees (°D).
RESULTS
In the evaluated sample size, Dornic acidity measure and pH values showed a statistically significant negative correlation (τ = -0.780; P = .000). A pH value of 6.57 corresponds to 8°D and of 7.12 to 4°D.
CONCLUSION
Donor milk with a pH over 6.57 may be accepted for subsequent processing in the milk bank. Moreover, the pH measurement seems to be more useful due to certain advantages over the Dornic method, such as objectivity, accuracy, standardization, the lack of chemical reagents required, and the fact that it does not destroy the milk sample.
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Breast Feeding; Humans; Milk Banks; Milk, Human
PubMed: 26116636
DOI: 10.1177/0890334415591338 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology Sep 2014Normal healthy skin has potential of hydrogen (pH) range of 5.4-5.9 and a normal bacterial flora. Use of soap with high pH causes an increase in skin pH, which in turn...
BACKGROUND
Normal healthy skin has potential of hydrogen (pH) range of 5.4-5.9 and a normal bacterial flora. Use of soap with high pH causes an increase in skin pH, which in turn causes an increase in dehydrative effect, irritability and alteration in bacterial flora. The majority of soaps and shampoos available in the market do not disclose their pH.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to assess the pH of different brands of bathing soaps and shampoos available in the market.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The samples of soaps and shampoos were collected from shops in the locality. The samples of different brands are coded before the analysis of the pH. Solution of each sample was made and pH was measured using pH meter.
RESULTS
Majority of the soaps have a pH within the range of 9-10. Majority of the shampoos have a pH within the range of 6-7.
CONCLUSIONS
The soaps and shampoos commonly used by the population at large have a pH outside the range of normal skin and hair pH values. Therefore, it is hoped that before recommending soap to patient especially those who have sensitive and acne prone skin, due consideration is given to the pH factor and also that manufacturers will give a thought to pH of soaps and shampoos manufactured by them, so that their products will be more skin and hair friendly.
PubMed: 25284846
DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.139861