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Foot (Edinburgh, Scotland) Dec 2021Pacinian hyperplasia in the human body has been rarely described in the literature with most cases reported involving the hand (Fassola et al., 2019). This hyperplasia...
Pacinian hyperplasia in the human body has been rarely described in the literature with most cases reported involving the hand (Fassola et al., 2019). This hyperplasia is considered a reactive lesion as opposed to a neoplasm (Satge et al., 2001), with the most common presenting complaint being pain and swelling (Fassola et al., 2019). In this study, a case of bilateral Pacinian corpuscle hyperplasia in the adult foot not previously described in the literature is presented.
Topics: Adult; Hand; Humans; Hyperplasia; Neuroma; Pacinian Corpuscles; Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms
PubMed: 33036838
DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2020.101709 -
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA Jul 2021Fast-adapting afferent input from the sole Pacinian corpuscles (PCs) is essential for walking. However, the distribution of PCs in the plantar subcutaneous tissue...
INTRODUCTION
Fast-adapting afferent input from the sole Pacinian corpuscles (PCs) is essential for walking. However, the distribution of PCs in the plantar subcutaneous tissue remains unknown.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Using histological sections tangential to the plantar skin of eight near-term fetuses, we counted 528-900 PCs per sole.
RESULTS
Almost half of the sole PCs existed at the level of the proximal phalanx, especially on the superficial side of the long flexor tendons and flexor digitorum brevis. Conversely, the distribution was less evident on the posterior side of the foot. The medial margin of the sole contained fewer PCs than the lateral margin, possibly due to the transverse arch. In contrast to a cluster formation in the anterior foot, posterior PCs were almost always solitary, with a distance greater than 0.5 mm to the nearest PC.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Because a receptive field of PCs is larger than that of the other receptors, fewer solitary PCs might cover the posterior sole. In infants, the amount of anterior sole PCs seemed to determine the initial walking pattern using the anterior foot without heel contact. Anterior PCs concentrated along flexor tendons might play a transient role as tendon organs during the initial learning of walking. During a lesson in infants, mechanical stress from the tendon and muscle was likely to degrade the PCs. In the near term, the sole PCs seemed not to be a mini-version of the adult morphology but suggested an infant-specific function.
Topics: Female; Fetus; Foot; Gait; Humans; Male; Pacinian Corpuscles; Standing Position; Subcutaneous Tissue
PubMed: 33471166
DOI: 10.1007/s00276-021-02685-x -
Joint Diseases and Related Surgery 2022Pacinian disorders are exceedingly rare, and the exact pathogenesis is still unknown. The most common symptoms are pain, sensory changes, and a visible or palpable mass,...
Pacinian disorders are exceedingly rare, and the exact pathogenesis is still unknown. The most common symptoms are pain, sensory changes, and a visible or palpable mass, and diagnosis is usually made by pathological examination after the excision of the painful nodule. In this case report, we present the case of a 49-year-old male with Pacinian corpuscle hyperplasia located on the metacarpophalangeal joint, emerging at the same hand of the patient two years after the treatment due to complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report revealing the association of CRPS with hyperplasia of Pacinian corpuscles.
Topics: Complex Regional Pain Syndromes; Hand; Humans; Hyperplasia; Male; Middle Aged; Pacinian Corpuscles; Pain
PubMed: 35361103
DOI: 10.52312/jdrs.2022.512 -
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology Jul 2020
Review
Topics: Animals; Biopsy; Chick Embryo; Diagnosis, Differential; Hand; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroma; Pacinian Corpuscles; S100 Proteins; Thumb
PubMed: 32569416
DOI: 10.1111/cup.13637 -
American Journal of Veterinary Research Jun 2017OBJECTIVE To examine the equine foot for the presence of sensory receptors including Merkel cells and small lamellated Pacinian-like corpuscles (SLPCs). SAMPLE Forefeet...
OBJECTIVE To examine the equine foot for the presence of sensory receptors including Merkel cells and small lamellated Pacinian-like corpuscles (SLPCs). SAMPLE Forefeet obtained from 7 horses following euthanasia for reasons other than foot disease. PROCEDURES Disarticulated feet were cut into either sagittal sections or cross sections and immersed in neutral-buffered 4% formalin. Following fixation, samples were obtained from the midline of the dorsal aspect of the hoof wall and from the frog (cuneus ungulae) between the apex and central sulcus. The formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded hoof wall and frog sections were routinely processed for peroxidase immunohistochemistry and stained with H&E, Alcian blue, and Masson trichrome stains for histologic evaluation. RESULTS Sensory myelinated nerves and specific receptors were identified within the epidermal and dermal tissues of the equine foot including the hoof wall laminae, coronet, and frog. Merkel cells were identified with specific antisera to villin, cytokeratin 20, and protein gene product 9.5 in coronet epidermis and hoof wall. These cells were interspersed among basilar keratinocytes within the frog, coronary epidermis, and secondary epidermal laminae. The SLPCs were present within the superficial dermis associated with the central ridge of the frog (ie, frog stay). Numerous S100 protein and protein gene product 9.5 immunoreactive sensory nerves in close proximity to these receptors were present throughout the dermal tissues within both the frog and hoof wall. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The presence of Merkel cells and SLPCs that are known to detect tactile and vibrational stimuli, respectively, further defined the diverse range of neural elements within the equine foot.
Topics: Animals; Foot; Hoof and Claw; Horses; Immunohistochemistry; Merkel Cells; S100 Proteins; Sensory Receptor Cells; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase
PubMed: 28541151
DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.78.6.659 -
Frontiers in Neuroanatomy 2021Afferent neurons and their mechanoreceptors provide critical sensory feedback for gait. The anatomical distribution and density of afferents and mechanoreceptors...
Afferent neurons and their mechanoreceptors provide critical sensory feedback for gait. The anatomical distribution and density of afferents and mechanoreceptors influence sensory feedback, as does mechanoreceptor function. Electrophysiological studies of hind paw skin reveal the different types of afferent responses and their receptive fields, however, the anatomical distribution of mechanoreceptor endings is unknown. Also, the role of integrin α1β1 in mechanoreceptor function is unclear, though it is expressed by keratinocytes in the stratum basale where it is likely involved in a variety of mechanotransduction pathways and ion channel functionalities. For example, it has been shown that integrin α1β1 is necessary for the function of TRPV4 that is highly expressed by afferent units. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine and compare the distribution of mechanoreceptors across the hind paw skin and the footfall patterns of -null and wild type mice. The -null mouse is lacking the integrin α1 subunit, which binds exclusively to the β1 subunit, thus rendering integrin α1β1 nonfunctional while leaving the numerous other pairings of the β1 subunit undisturbed. Intact hind paws were processed, serially sectioned, and stained to visualize mechanoreceptors. Footfall patterns were analyzed as a first step in correlating mechanoreceptor distribution and functionality. Merkel cells and Meissner-like corpuscles were present, however, Ruffini endings and Pacinian corpuscles were not observed. Meissner-like corpuscles were located exclusively in the glabrous skin of the footpads and digit tips, however, Merkel cells were found throughout hairy and glabrous skin. The increased density of Merkel cells and Meissner-like corpuscles in footpads 1 and 3 and Meissner-like corpuscles in footpad 4 suggests their role in anteroposterior balance, while Meissner-like corpuscle concentrations in digits 2 and 5 support their role in mediolateral balance. Finally, a larger density of Meissner-like corpuscles in footpads 3 and 4 in male -null mice compared to wild type controls paves the way for future site-specific single fiber recordings to provide insight into the role of integrin α1β1 in tactile mechanotransduction.
PubMed: 33737870
DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.628711 -
Pancreas Jul 2021
Topics: Animals; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Humans; Pacinian Corpuscles; Pancreas; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Receptor, trkB; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 34398074
DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0000000000001847 -
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Jan 2018To demonstrate a dedicated setup for ultrahigh resolution MR imaging of the human finger in vivo.
PURPOSE
To demonstrate a dedicated setup for ultrahigh resolution MR imaging of the human finger in vivo.
METHODS
A radiofrequency coil was designed for optimized signal homogeneity and sensitivity in the finger at ultrahigh magnetic field strength (7 T), providing high measurement sensitivity. Imaging sequences (2D turbo-spin echo (TSE) and 3D magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (MPRAGE)) were adapted for high spatial resolution and good contrast of different tissues in the finger, while keeping acquisition time below 10 minutes. Data was postprocessed to display finger structures in three dimensions.
RESULTS
3D MPRAGE data with isotropic resolution of 200 µm, along with 2D TSE images with in-plane resolutions of 58 × 78 µm and 100 × 97 µm , allowed clear identification of various anatomical features such as bone and bone marrow, tendons and annular ligaments, cartilage, arteries and veins, nerves, and Pacinian corpuscles.
CONCLUSION
Using this dedicated finger coil at 7 T, together with adapted acquisition sequences, it is possible to depict the internal structures of the human finger in vivo within patient-compatible measurement time. It may serve as a tool for diagnosis and treatment monitoring in pathologies ranging from inflammatory or erosive joint diseases to injuries of tendons and ligaments to nervous or vascular disorders in the finger. Magn Reson Med 79:588-592, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Topics: Computer Simulation; Fingers; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Anatomic; Phantoms, Imaging; Radio Waves; Signal-To-Noise Ratio
PubMed: 28295563
DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26645 -
Nature Communications Sep 2019Biological cellular structures have inspired many scientific disciplines to design synthetic structures that can mimic their functions. Here, we closely emulate...
Biological cellular structures have inspired many scientific disciplines to design synthetic structures that can mimic their functions. Here, we closely emulate biological cellular structures in a rationally designed synthetic multicellular hybrid ion pump, composed of hydrogen-bonded [EMIM][TFSI] ion pairs on the surface of silica microstructures (artificial mechanoreceptor cells) embedded into thermoplastic polyurethane elastomeric matrix (artificial extracellular matrix), to fabricate ionic mechanoreceptor skins. Ionic mechanoreceptors engage in hydrogen bond-triggered reversible pumping of ions under external stimulus. Our ionic mechanoreceptor skin is ultrasensitive (48.1-5.77 kPa) over a wide spectrum of pressures (0-135 kPa) at an ultra-low voltage (1 mV) and demonstrates the ability to surpass pressure-sensing capabilities of various natural skin mechanoreceptors (i.e., Merkel cells, Meissner's corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles). We demonstrate a wearable drone microcontroller by integrating our ionic skin sensor array and flexible printed circuit board, which can control directions and speed simultaneously and selectively in aerial drone flight.
Topics: Adult; Biomimetics; Biosensing Techniques; Electrochemistry; Humans; Hydrogen Bonding; Mechanoreceptors; Mechanotransduction, Cellular; Merkel Cells; Physical Stimulation; Polyurethanes; Pressure; Silica Gel; Skin; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Touch
PubMed: 31488820
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11973-5 -
International Journal of Surgical... Oct 2017
Topics: Choristoma; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pacinian Corpuscles; Prostate; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 28420304
DOI: 10.1177/1066896917705200