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Scientific Reports Aug 2018Although Bacillus cereus is of particular concern in food safety and public health, the role of other Bacillus species was overlooked. Therefore, we investigated the...
Poultry and beef meat as potential seedbeds for antimicrobial resistant enterotoxigenic Bacillus species: a materializing epidemiological and potential severe health hazard.
Although Bacillus cereus is of particular concern in food safety and public health, the role of other Bacillus species was overlooked. Therefore, we investigated the presence of eight enterotoxigenic genes, a hemolytic gene and phenotypic antibiotic resistance profiles of Bacillus species in retail meat samples. From 255 samples, 124 Bacillus isolates were recovered, 27 belonged to B. cereus and 97 were non-B. cereus species. Interestingly, the non-B. cereus isolates carried the virulence genes and exhibited phenotypic virulence characteristics as the B. cereus. However, correlation matrix analysis revealed the B. cereus group positively correlates with the presence of the genes hblA, hblC, and plc, and the detection of hemolysis (p < 0.05), while the other Bacillus sp. groups are negatively correlated. Tests for antimicrobial resistance against ten antibiotics revealed extensive drug and multi-drug resistant isolates. Statistical analyses didn't support a correlation of antibiotic resistance to tested virulence factors suggesting independence of these phenotypic markers and virulence genes. Of special interest was the isolation of Paenibacillus alvei and Geobacillus stearothermophilus from the imported meat samples being the first recorded. The isolation of non-B. cereus species carrying enterotoxigenic genes in meat within Egypt, suggests their impact on food safety and public health and should therefore not be minimised, posing an area that requires further research.
Topics: Bacillus cereus; Bacterial Proteins; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Food Microbiology; Meat; Paenibacillus; Poultry Products; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 30072706
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29932-3 -
Environmental Technology Apr 2024In the present study, both acidic and alkaline hydrolysate of pineapple waste was utilised for the production of biohydrogen using locally isolated bacterial strains....
In the present study, both acidic and alkaline hydrolysate of pineapple waste was utilised for the production of biohydrogen using locally isolated bacterial strains. The bacteria were isolated from different wastewater sources and were identified as and . Experimental results showed that the highest biohydrogen yield of 836.33 ± 48.02 mL H was produced from alkaline hydrolysate with during the 96hr of fermentation. Among the different bacterial strains, showed higher H production. Comparatively alkaline hydrolysates exhibited a higher yield of hydrogen than acidic hydrolysates. The final pH of the experiment was found to be in acidic range. The total VFA concentration ranged between 930 ± 207.85 mg/L to 3050 ± 476.97 mg/L. Both sugar degradation and COD reduction were more than 80% in the acidic and alkaline hydrolysates while the lowest sugar degradation and COD reduction were observed for the untreated biomass. The rationale behind this study was to convert the waste biomass into energy by utilising the potential of native bacterial communities.
Topics: Fermentation; Wastewater; Ananas; Fruit; Bacteria; Sugars; Hydrogen
PubMed: 36591897
DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2164743 -
Virulence Dec 2020is a bacterial pathogen that causes epidemic outbreaks of European foulbrood (EFB) in honey bee populations. The pathogenicity of a bacterium depends on its virulence,...
is a bacterial pathogen that causes epidemic outbreaks of European foulbrood (EFB) in honey bee populations. The pathogenicity of a bacterium depends on its virulence, and understanding the mechanisms influencing virulence may allow for improved disease control and containment. Using a standardized assay, we demonstrate that virulence varies greatly among sixteen isolates from five European countries. Additionally, we explore the causes of this variation. In this study, virulence was independent of the multilocus sequence type of the tested pathogen, and was not affected by experimental co-infection with , a bacterium often associated with EFB outbreaks. Virulence was correlated with the growth dynamics of isolates in artificial medium, and with the presence of a plasmid carrying a gene coding for the putative toxin melissotoxin A. Our results suggest that some strains showed an increased virulence due to the acquisition of a toxin-carrying mobile genetic element. We discuss whether strains with increased virulence play a role in recent EFB outbreaks.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Toxins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bees; Enterococcaceae; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Interspersed Repetitive Sequences; Larva; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Plasmids; Virulence
PubMed: 32456539
DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1768338 -
The Science of the Total Environment Dec 2020The pesticides belonging the strobilurin group are among the most common contaminants in the environment. In this work, biodegradation studies of the strobilurin...
The pesticides belonging the strobilurin group are among the most common contaminants in the environment. In this work, biodegradation studies of the strobilurin fungicide Pyraclostrobin by bacteria from orange cultivation plots were performed aiming to contribute with the development of a bioremediation method. Experiments were performed in triplicate with validated methods, and optimization was performed by Central Composite Design and Response Surface Methodology. The strains were evaluated in liquid nutrient medium containing 100 mg L of Pyraclostrobin, and decreased concentrations of 61.5 to 100.5 mg L were determined after 5 days at 37 °C and 130 rpm, showing the importance of strain selection. When the five most efficient strains (Bacillus sp. CSA-13, Paenibacillus alvei CBMAI2221, Bacillus sp. CBMAI2222, Bacillus safensis CBMAI2220 and Bacillus aryabhattai CBMAI2223) were used in consortia, synergistic and antagonistic effects were observed accordingly to the employed combination of bacteria, resulting in 64.2 ± 3.9 to 95.4 ± 4.9 mg L residual Pyraclostrobin. In addition, the formation of 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-ol was quantified (0.59-0.01 mg L), and a new biodegradation pathway was proposed with 15 identified metabolites. Experiments were also performed in soil under controlled conditions (30 °C, 0-28 days, 100 mg kg pesticide), and the native microbiome reduced the pesticide concentration to 70.4 ± 2.3 mg L, whereas the inoculation of an efficient bacterial consortium promoted clearly better results, 57.2 ± 3.9 mg L residual Pyraclostrobin. This suggests that the introduction of these strains in soil in a bioaugmentation process increases decontamination. However, the native microbiome is important for a more efficient bioremediation.
Topics: Bacillus; Bacteria; Biodegradation, Environmental; Citrus sinensis; Fungicides, Industrial; Paenibacillus; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants; Strobilurins
PubMed: 32763599
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140968 -
Metabolites May 2020Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere that can directly or indirectly stimulate plant growth. In addition, some can...
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere that can directly or indirectly stimulate plant growth. In addition, some can prime plants for enhanced defense against a broad range of pathogens and insect herbivores. In this study, four PGPR strains ( N04, N19, T19, and T22) were used to induce priming in (cv. Moneymaker) plants. Plants were inoculated with each of the four PGPRs, and plant tissues (roots, stems, and leaves) were harvested at 24 h and 48 h post-inoculation. Methanol-extracted metabolites were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). Chemometric methods were applied to mine the data and characterize the differential metabolic profiles induced by the PGPR. The results revealed that all four strains induced defense-related metabolic reprogramming in the plants, characterized by dynamic changes to the metabolomes involving hydroxycinnamates, benzoates, flavonoids, and glycoalkaloids. In addition, targeted analysis of aromatic amino acids indicated differential quantitative increases or decreases over a two-day period in response to the four PGPR strains. The metabolic alterations point to an altered or preconditioned state that renders the plants primed for enhanced defense responses. The results contribute to ongoing efforts in investigating and unraveling the biochemical processes that define the PGPR priming phenomenon.
PubMed: 32443694
DOI: 10.3390/metabo10050210 -
The Journal of Antibiotics Sep 2018Four peptide antibiotics, named paenialvin A-D, were isolated from Paenibacillus alvei DSM 29. Mass spectrum analysis determined the molecular masses of paenialvin A-D...
Four peptide antibiotics, named paenialvin A-D, were isolated from Paenibacillus alvei DSM 29. Mass spectrum analysis determined the molecular masses of paenialvin A-D to be 1891, 1875, 1877, and 1923 Da, respectively. Tandem mass spectra and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were used to elucidate their chemical structures. Paenialvin A-D showed antimicrobial activity against most strains that were tested, including methicillin-resistant Staphalococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Loktanella hongkongensis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In particular, the minimum inhibitory concentration of paenialvins against Staphalococcus aureus reached 0.8-3.2 μg/mL. Although they were cytotoxic against HeLa cells at a concentration of 50 μg/mL, the lack of hemolysis by paenialvins confirmed that they are potential candidates for anti-tumor drugs.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Bacillus subtilis; Cell Line, Tumor; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; HeLa Cells; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Paenibacillus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Rhodobacteraceae
PubMed: 29760411
DOI: 10.1038/s41429-017-0001-3 -
Chemical Biology & Drug Design May 2015AN5-1 (YSKSLPLSVLNP) is an antimicrobial peptide isolated from the fermentation broth of Paenibacillus alvei strain AN5 (J Ind Microb Biotechnol 2013; 40: 571-9). In...
AN5-1 (YSKSLPLSVLNP) is an antimicrobial peptide isolated from the fermentation broth of Paenibacillus alvei strain AN5 (J Ind Microb Biotechnol 2013; 40: 571-9). In this study, we report the application of ubiquitin fusion technology to the expression and purification of AN5-1. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and measurement of hemolytic activity (MHC) were measured to confirm the biological activities of the expressed AN5-1. Bacterial cell membrane permeabilization was investigated to show the interaction between the AN5-1 and the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. Furthermore, intracellular activities of the AN5-1 were determined by genomic DNA interaction assays. The results revealed AN5-1 damaging bacterial membranes and binding to bacterial genomic DNA to inhibit cellular functions, suggesting that it has multiple intracellular targets in bacteria. The application of ubiquitin fusion technology may be an excellent approach for industrial production to the expression and purification of antimicrobial peptide. Furthermore, AN5-1 was demonstrated as an antimicrobial peptide with great potentials, as bacterial resistance to AN5-1 would be not expected, due to the dual mechanisms of AN5-1 against bacteria.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Anti-Infective Agents; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Bacteria; Cell Wall; Circular Dichroism; DNA; Erythrocytes; Escherichia coli; Hemolysis; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Paenibacillus; Protein Binding; Protein Structure, Secondary; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Spectrometry, Fluorescence
PubMed: 25311453
DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12449 -
ACS Chemical Biology Apr 2024Glycosyltransferases play a fundamental role in the biosynthesis of glycoproteins and glycotherapeutics. In this study, we investigated protein glycosyltransferase...
Glycosyltransferases play a fundamental role in the biosynthesis of glycoproteins and glycotherapeutics. In this study, we investigated protein glycosyltransferase FlgGT1, belonging to the GT2 family. The GT2 family includes cysteine S-glycosyltransferases involved in antimicrobial peptide biosyntheses, sharing conserved catalytic domains while exhibiting diverse C-terminal domains. Our studies revealed that FlgGT1 recognizes structural motifs rather than specific amino acid sequences when glycosylating the flagellin protein Hag. Notably, FlgGT1 is selective for serine or threonine -glycosylation over cysteine -glycosylation. Molecular dynamics simulations provided insights into the structural basis of FlgGT1's ability to accommodate various sugar nucleotides as donor substrates. Mutagenesis experiments on FlgGT1 demonstrated that truncating the relatively large C-terminal domain resulted in a loss of flagellin glycosylation activity. Our classification based on sequence similarity network analysis and AlphaFold2 structural predictions suggests that the acquisition of the C-terminal domain is a key evolutionary adaptation conferring distinct substrate specificities on glycosyltransferases within the GT2 family.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Cysteine; Flagellin; Glycosylation; Glycosyltransferases; Paenibacillus
PubMed: 38562012
DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00045 -
Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions :... Apr 2016In the last decades, the plant innate immune responses against pathogens have been extensively studied, while biocontrol interactions between soilborne fungal pathogens...
In the last decades, the plant innate immune responses against pathogens have been extensively studied, while biocontrol interactions between soilborne fungal pathogens and their hosts have received much less attention. Treatment of Arabidopsis thaliana with the nonpathogenic bacterium Paenibacillus alvei K165 was shown previously to protect against Verticillium dahliae by triggering induced systemic resistance (ISR). In the present study, we evaluated the involvement of the innate immune response in the K165-mediated protection of Arabidopsis against V. dahliae. Tests with Arabidopsis mutants impaired in several regulators of the early steps of the innate immune responses, including fls2, efr-1, bak1-4, mpk3, mpk6, wrky22, and wrky29 showed that FLS2 and WRKY22 have a central role in the K165-triggered ISR, while EFR1, MPK3, and MPK6 are possible susceptibility factors for V. dahliae and bak1 shows a tolerance phenomenon. The resistance induced by strain K165 is dependent on both salicylate and jasmonate-dependent defense pathways, as evidenced by an increased transient accumulation of PR1 and PDF1.2 transcripts in the aerial parts of infected plants treated with strain K165.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Cyclopentanes; Defensins; Disease Resistance; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Models, Biological; Oxylipins; Paenibacillus; Pest Control, Biological; Plant Components, Aerial; Plant Diseases; Plant Growth Regulators; Salicylic Acid; Signal Transduction; Verticillium
PubMed: 26780421
DOI: 10.1094/MPMI-11-15-0261-R