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Letters in Applied Microbiology May 2019The effects and mechanisms of Paenibacillus polymyxa Sx3 on growth promotion and the suppression of bacterial leaf blight in rice were evaluated in this study. The...
The effects and mechanisms of Paenibacillus polymyxa Sx3 on growth promotion and the suppression of bacterial leaf blight in rice were evaluated in this study. The results from a plate assay indicated that Sx3 inhibited the growth of 20 strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Rice seedling experiments indicated that Sx3 promoted plant growth and suppressed bacterial leaf blight. In addition, bacteriological tests showed that Sx3 was able to fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphate and produce indole acetic acid, indicating that various mechanisms may be involved in the growth promotion by Sx3. The culture filtrate of P. polymyxa Sx3 reduced bacterial growth, biofilm formation and disrupted the cell morphology of Xoo strain GZ 0005, as indicated by the transmission and scanning electron microscopic observations. In addition, MALDI-TOF MS analysis revealed that Sx3 could biosynthesize two types of secondary metabolites fusaricidins and polymyxin P. In summary, this study clearly indicated that P. polymyxa Sx3 has strong in vitro and in vivo antagonistic activity against Xoo, which may be at least partially attributed to its production of secondary metabolites. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Antagonistic bacteria can grow well in their originating environment. However, it is unclear whether antagonistic bacteria were able to survive in different ecological environments. This study revealed that Paenibacillus polymyxa Sx3 isolated from rhizosphere soil of cotton significantly promoted the plant growth and suppressed bacterial leaf blight in rice. Therefore, it could be inferred that P. polymyxa Sx3 has the potential to be used as biocontrol agents in plants grown in different ecological environments.
Topics: Antibiosis; Biofilms; Depsipeptides; Indoleacetic Acids; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Nitrogen Fixation; Oryza; Paenibacillus polymyxa; Plant Development; Plant Diseases; Polymyxins; Rhizosphere; Seedlings; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Xanthomonas
PubMed: 30659625
DOI: 10.1111/lam.13117 -
AMB Express Oct 2018Trace elements are essential nutrients for the growth of microorganisms and play an important role in their proliferation. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to explore...
Trace elements are essential nutrients for the growth of microorganisms and play an important role in their proliferation. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to explore the optimal C and N sources for large-scale culture of Paenibacillus polymyxa, and to screen trace elements that can promote their proliferation and improve the activity. First, the concentration of Paenibacillus polymyxa Pp-7250, the number of spores were used as evaluation index. It was found that the four trace elements Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn could promote the proliferation of Paenibacillus polymyxa at their optimal concentrations. Next, when using wheat starch as carbon source and soybean meal as nitrogen source, it was most suitable for large-scale culture. Finally, field experiments were carried out, and it was discovered that the combination of four trace elements plus the wheat soybean meal group could significantly improve the disease prevention, growth promotion ability of Pp-7250 and its colonization in ginseng. Moreover, the ability of Pp-7250 to transform ginseng roots and leaf saponins were also significantly improved. The group also affected the rhizosphere bacterial community of ginseng and the number showed a significant promotion or inhibition.
PubMed: 30311028
DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0694-0 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2021are efficient producers of potent agents against bacterial and fungal pathogens, which are of great interest both for therapeutic applications in medicine as well as in...
are efficient producers of potent agents against bacterial and fungal pathogens, which are of great interest both for therapeutic applications in medicine as well as in agrobiotechnology. Lipopeptides produced by such organisms play a major role in their potential to inactivate pathogens. In this work we investigated two lipopeptide complexes, the fusaricidins and the polymyxins, produced by strains DSM 32871 and M1 by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The fusaricidins show potent antifungal activities and are distinguished by an unusual variability. For strain DSM 32871 we identified numerous yet unknown variants mass spectrometrically. DSM 32871 produces polymyxins of type E (colistins), while M1 forms polymyxins P. For both strains, novel but not yet completely characterized polymyxin species were detected, which possibly are glycosylated. These compounds may be of interest therapeutically, because polymyxins have gained increasing attention as last-resort antibiotics against multiresistant pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, the volatilomes of DSM 32781 and M1 were investigated with a GC-MS approach using different cultivation media. Production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was strain and medium dependent. In particular, strain M1 manifested as an efficient VOC-producer that exhibited formation of 25 volatiles in total. A characteristic feature of is the formation of volatile pyrazine derivatives.
PubMed: 34832640
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111485 -
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2017(2R,3R)-2,3-Butanediol has many industrial applications, such as it is used as an antifreeze agent and low freezing point fuel. In addition, it is particularly important... (Review)
Review
(2R,3R)-2,3-Butanediol has many industrial applications, such as it is used as an antifreeze agent and low freezing point fuel. In addition, it is particularly important to provide chiral groups in drugs. In recent years, this valuable bio-based chemical has attracted increasing attention, and significant progress has been made in the development of microbial cell factories for (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol production. This article reviews recent advances and challenges in microbial routes to (2R,3R)-2,3- butanediol production, and highlights the metabolic engineering and synthetic biological approaches used to improve titers, yields, productivities, and optical purities. Finally, a systematic and integrative strategy for developing high-performance microbial cell factories is proposed.
Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Butylene Glycols; Metabolic Engineering; Paenibacillus polymyxa
PubMed: 28474550
DOI: 10.2174/1568026617666170504101646 -
Enzyme and Microbial Technology Apr 2023A novel glycoside hydrolase family 26 β-mannanase gene ppman26a was cloned from Paenibacillus polymyxa KF-1. The full-length enzyme PpMan26A and its truncated products...
A novel glycoside hydrolase family 26 β-mannanase gene ppman26a was cloned from Paenibacillus polymyxa KF-1. The full-length enzyme PpMan26A and its truncated products CBM35pp (aa 35-328) and PpMan26A-Δ205 (aa 206-656) were overexpressed in Escherichia coli. PpMan26A hydrolyzed locust bean gum, guar gum, konjac gum and ivory nut mannan, with the highest specific activity toward konjac gum. The K and k values for konjac gum were 2.13 mg/mL and 416.66 s, respectively. The oligosaccharides fraction obtained from the hydrolysis of konjac gum by PpMan26A was analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF-MS). The degradation products were mainly mannooligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization of 3-8. CBM35pp exerted strong binding activity toward mannans but without β-mannanase activity. PpMan26A-Δ205, with the deletion of the N-terminal CBM domain, showed lower substrate binding capacity, resulting in reduced enzymatic activity and thermostability. This study complements our understanding of GH26 β-mannanases and expands the potential industrial application of PpMan26A.
Topics: beta-Mannosidase; Paenibacillus polymyxa; Oligosaccharides; Mannans; Substrate Specificity; Hydrolysis
PubMed: 36680817
DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110197 -
RNA Biology Nov 2021Nine distinct classes of self-cleaving ribozymes are known to date, of which the pistol ribozyme class was discovered only 5 years ago. Self-cleaving ribozymes are able...
Nine distinct classes of self-cleaving ribozymes are known to date, of which the pistol ribozyme class was discovered only 5 years ago. Self-cleaving ribozymes are able to cleave their own phosphodiester backbone at a specific site with rates much higher than those of spontaneous RNA degradation. Our study focuses on a bioinformatically predicted pistol ribozyme from the bacterium . We provide a biochemical characterization of this ribozyme, which includes an investigation of the effect of various metal ions on ribozyme cleavage and a kinetic analysis of ribozyme activity under increasing Mg concentrations and pH. Based on the obtained results, we discuss a possible catalytic role of divalent metal ions. Moreover, we investigated the ligation activity of the pistol ribozyme - an aspect that has not been previously analysed for this ribozyme class. We determined that the pistol ribozyme is almost fully cleaved at equilibrium with the ligation rate constant being nearly 30-fold lower than the cleavage rate constant. In summary, we have characterized an additional representative of this recently discovered ribozyme class isolated from . We expect that our biochemical characterization of a pistol representative in a cultivatable, genetically tractable organism will support our future investigation of the biological roles of this ribozyme class in bacteria.
Topics: Biocatalysis; Catalytic Domain; Computational Biology; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Paenibacillus polymyxa; RNA, Catalytic
PubMed: 33622172
DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1874706 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Mar 2020Paenibacillus polymyxa 92, isolated from wheat roots, produced large amounts (38.4 g L) of exopolysaccharide (EPS) in a liquid nutrient medium containing 10 % (w/v)...
Paenibacillus polymyxa 92, isolated from wheat roots, produced large amounts (38.4 g L) of exopolysaccharide (EPS) in a liquid nutrient medium containing 10 % (w/v) sucrose. The EPS was precipitated from the culture broth with cold acetone and was purified by gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatography. The molecular mass of the EPS was 2.29-1.10 × 10 Da. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra showed that the EPS was a linear β-(2→6)-linked fructan (levan). Aqueous EPS solutions showed pseudoplastic behavior when shear stress was applied at different temperatures. By using the Ostwald-de Waele model, the rheological characteristics of the EPS solution were ascertained. The sorption capacity of the EPS for Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) was investigated. Sorption was maximal (q = 481 mg g) for Cu(II) ions. In model experiments, treatment of wheat seeds with EPS solution significantly increased the length of seedling roots and shoots.
Topics: Adsorption; Biotechnology; Carbohydrate Conformation; Metals, Heavy; Paenibacillus polymyxa; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Rheology; Triticum
PubMed: 31952589
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115780 -
3 Biotech Jul 2021Glycosylation is a prominent biological mechanism, affecting the structural and functional diversity of many natural products. In this study, a novel thermostable...
UNLABELLED
Glycosylation is a prominent biological mechanism, affecting the structural and functional diversity of many natural products. In this study, a novel thermostable uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferase gene PpGT1 was cloned from NJPI29 and recombinantly expressed in WB600. The purified PpGT1 had a molecular weight of 45 kDa, as estimated using SDS-PAGE. The PpGT1 could catalyze the glycosylation of vanillic acid, methyl vanillate, caffeic acid, cinnamic alcohol, and ferulic acid. Moreover, PpGT1 possessed good thermostability and retained 80% of its original activity even after 12 h of incubation at 45 °C. In addition, PpGT1 remained stable within a neutral to alkaline pH range as well as in the presence of metal ions. The synthesis of methyl vanillate 4--β-D-glucoside by purified PpGT1 reached a yield 3.58 mM in a system with pH 8.0, 45 °C, 12 mM UDP-Glc, and 4 mM methyl vanillate. 3D-structure-based amino acid sequence alignments revealed that the catalytic residues and C-terminated PSPG motif were conserved. These unusual properties indicated that PpGT1 is a candidate UGT for valuable natural product industrial applications.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02855-z.
PubMed: 34109099
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02855-z -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2020Bacteria belonging to the genus were frequently isolated from legume nodules. The nodule-inhabiting as a resource of biocontrol and plant growth-promoting endophytes...
Bacteria belonging to the genus were frequently isolated from legume nodules. The nodule-inhabiting as a resource of biocontrol and plant growth-promoting endophytes has rarely been explored. This study explored the nodule-inhabiting ' antifungal activities and biocontrol potentials against broad-spectrum important phytopathogenic fungi. We collected strains which were isolated from nodules of , , , , , or and belong to , , , , , , or closely related to , or . These nodule-inhabiting showed diverse antagonistic activities against five phytopathogenic fungi (, , , , and ). Six strains within the complex showed broad-spectrum and potent activities against all the five pathogens, and produced multiple hydrolytic enzymes, siderophores, and lipopeptide fusaricidins. Fusaricidins are likely the key antimicrobials responsible for the broad-spectrum antifungal activities. The nodule-inhabiting strains within the complex were able to epiphytically and endophytically colonize the non-host wheat plants, produce indole acetic acids (IAA), and dissolve calcium phosphate and calcium phytate. strains RP20, RP51, and RP62 could fix N. RP51 and sp. RP31, which showed potent plant colonization and plant growth-promotion competence, effectively control fungal infection . Genome mining revealed that all strains ( = 76) within the complex contain gene encoding indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase for biosynthesis of IAA, 96% ( = 73) contain the cluster for biosynthesis of fusaricidins, and 43% ( = 33) contain the cluster for nitrogen fixation. Together, our study highlights that endophytic strains within the complex have a high probability to be effective biocontrol agents and biofertilizers and we propose an effective approach to screen strains within the complex.
PubMed: 33537018
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.618601 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Pitaya canker, caused by , is one of the most important fungal diseases that cause significant losses in production. To replace chemical pesticides, the use of...
Pitaya canker, caused by , is one of the most important fungal diseases that cause significant losses in production. To replace chemical pesticides, the use of biocontrol strains to manage plant diseases has been the focus of research. In this study, the bacterial strain AF01, identified as , exhibited significant antifungal effects against and four other pitaya fungal pathogens. The strain AF01 produces 13 fusaricidins, which directly inhibit mycelial growth, spore germination and germ tube elongation by causing the membrane integrity and cell ultrastructure to incur irreversible damage. Pot experiment and yield test confirmed that AF01 provided preservative effects by reducing the disease index. In comparison to the untreated control groups, RNA-seq data showed that AF01 selectively blocked some transcription and translation processes and inhibited RNA and DNA structural dynamics, energy production and conversion, and signal transduction, particularly cell wall biosynthesis, changes in membrane permeability, and impairment of protein biosynthesis. Thus, AF01 could be potentially useful as a suitable biocontrol agent for pitaya canker.
PubMed: 37266020
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1188722