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Molecular Medicine Reports Jul 2024As a pluripotent cell, activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) can differentiate into various pancreatic parenchymal cells and participate in the secretion of... (Review)
Review
As a pluripotent cell, activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) can differentiate into various pancreatic parenchymal cells and participate in the secretion of extracellular matrix and the repair of pancreatic damage. Additionally, PSCs characteristics allow them to contribute to pancreatic inflammation and carcinogenesis. Moreover, a detailed study of the pathogenesis of activated PSCs in pancreatic disease can offer promise for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies and improved patient prognoses. Therefore, the present study review aimed to examine the involvement of activated PSCs in pancreatic diseases and elucidate the underlying mechanisms to provide a viable therapeutic strategy for the management of pancreas‑related diseases.
Topics: Humans; Pancreatic Stellate Cells; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases; Animals; Extracellular Matrix; Cell Differentiation; Pancreatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 38695254
DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13233 -
Cancer Treatment Reviews Jul 2015Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate interactions between environmental stimuli and innate immunity. TLRs play a major role in the development of numerous pancreatic... (Review)
Review
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate interactions between environmental stimuli and innate immunity. TLRs play a major role in the development of numerous pancreatic diseases, making these molecules attractive as potential therapeutic targets. TLR2, TLR7 and TLR9 are involved in the initiation of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), whereas TLR2 and TLR4 play a major role in the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Furthermore, TLRs cause derangements in several tumor suppressor proteins (such as p16, p21, p27, p53 and pRb), induce STAT3 activation and promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition as well as oncogene-induced senescence. In this review we will focus on the contribution of TLRs in pancreatic disease including cancer and we describe recent progress in TLR-modulation for the treatment of these patients.
Topics: Humans; Pancreatic Diseases; Signal Transduction; Toll-Like Receptors
PubMed: 26036357
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.04.004 -
Digestive Diseases and Sciences Nov 2020Despite the increased global recognition of pediatric pancreatic diseases, there are limited data on the utility of sophisticated endoscopic procedures such as... (Review)
Review
Despite the increased global recognition of pediatric pancreatic diseases, there are limited data on the utility of sophisticated endoscopic procedures such as endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in their management. Promising results of recent studies have highlighted the emerging therapeutic utility of EUS and ERCP in children. With these latest developments in mind, this article reviews the current literature regarding diagnostic and therapeutic uses, benefits, limitations, and clinical outcomes of EUS and ERCP in pediatric pancreatology.
Topics: Child; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Endosonography; Humans; Pancreatic Diseases
PubMed: 32757158
DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06513-x -
Current Opinion in Gastroenterology Sep 2018Every year more than one million people worldwide undergo an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for disorders of the bile duct system. This review... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Every year more than one million people worldwide undergo an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for disorders of the bile duct system. This review aims to discuss recent clinical data with regard to single-operator peroral cholangioscopy (POC).
RECENT FINDINGS
Innovations and technical optimizations of POC devices have extended diagnostic and therapeutic options for patients with complex biliary disease. Most of the currently available clinically relevant data are obtained with the single-operator peroral cholangioscopy (SOC)-system SpyGlass, which in a period of a decade has evolved further to a digital platform with increasing applicability, usefulness and cost-effectiveness.
SUMMARY
POC allows endoscopists to treat patients with complicated diseases of the gallbladder, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas better. In recent years, this technique was optimized to overcome prior limitations. The implementation of the single-operator SpyGlass Digital System in daily practice becomes a reality. We make an overview of the history of cholangioscopy, the technical evolution, and usefulness of this platform and take a look at its economic impact.
Topics: Bile Ducts; Biliary Tract Diseases; Endoscopy, Digestive System; Humans; Pancreatic Diseases; Pancreatic Ducts
PubMed: 29901513
DOI: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000457 -
Pediatric Clinics of North America Aug 2016Pulmonary disease is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in people with cystic fibrosis (CF), but significant involvement within gastrointestinal, pancreatic,... (Review)
Review
Pulmonary disease is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in people with cystic fibrosis (CF), but significant involvement within gastrointestinal, pancreatic, and hepatobiliary systems occurs as well. As in the airways, defects in CFTR alter epithelial surface fluid, mucus viscosity, and pH, increasing risk of stasis through the various hollow epithelial-lined structures of the gastrointestinal tract. This exerts secondary influences that are responsible for most gastrointestinal, pancreatic, and hepatobiliary manifestations of CF. Understanding these gastrointestinal morbidities of CF is essential in understanding and treating CF as a multisystem disease process and improving overall patient care.
Topics: Cystic Fibrosis; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Liver Diseases; Pancreatic Diseases
PubMed: 27469182
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2016.04.008 -
Minerva Gastroenterologica E Dietologica Mar 2020Important advancements in endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue sampling techniques and development of new needle designs have improved the diagnostic yield of pancreatic... (Review)
Review
Important advancements in endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue sampling techniques and development of new needle designs have improved the diagnostic yield of pancreatic lesions. This innovation in endoscopic ultrasound has also opened the door for early diagnosis and precision therapy in the management of cancer patients. Endoscopic ultrasound fine needle biopsy is an invaluable tool and newer biopsy designs will probably play a pivotal role in the management of pancreatic lesions in the next future. Aim of the current review was to provide an overview on the available techniques and devices for the endoscopic ultrasound-guided sampling of pancreatic solid and cystic lesions.
Topics: Endosonography; Humans; Image-Guided Biopsy; Pancreatic Diseases; Pancreatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 32162895
DOI: 10.23736/S1121-421X.20.02614-8 -
Pancreas Sep 2022Pancreatic stones are sequelae of chronic pancreatitis, resulting in poor quality of life, frequent hospitalizations, and a significant economic burden. Extracorporeal... (Review)
Review
Pancreatic stones are sequelae of chronic pancreatitis, resulting in poor quality of life, frequent hospitalizations, and a significant economic burden. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) can be used to treat pancreatic stones and is less invasive when compared to other modalities. In this review article, we have discussed the role of ESWL in the treatment of pancreatic stones and how it differs from other modalities. Databases were searched electronically for articles discussing the treatment of pancreatic ductal stones by ESWL or other modalities. Articles discussing or comparing treatment success rates were preferentially included. An inductive approach was used to identify articles related to the treatment of pancreatic stones with ESWL throughout the review process. Although laser lithotripsy and electrohydraulic lithotripsy appear to have higher success rates, the potential for ESWL to affect clinical outcomes is substantial, especially in individuals with a higher risk for invasive procedures. The decision to perform ESWL should be considered if the outcome will substantially alter the clinical management when performed by an experienced endoscopist. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to compare ESWL and peroral pancreatic lithotripsy methods.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Calculi; Lithotripsy; Pancreatic Diseases; Pancreatitis, Chronic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 36607935
DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0000000000002129 -
Mediators of Inflammation 2018Gut microbiota is key to the development and modulation of the mucosal immune system. It plays a central role in several physiological functions, in the modulation of... (Review)
Review
Gut microbiota is key to the development and modulation of the mucosal immune system. It plays a central role in several physiological functions, in the modulation of inflammatory signaling and in the protection against infections. In healthy states, there is a perfect balance between commensal and pathogens, and microbiota and the immune system interact to maintain gut homeostasis. The alteration of such balance, called dysbiosis, determines an intestinal bacterial overgrowth which leads to the disruption of the intestinal barrier with systemic translocation of pathogens. The pancreas does not possess its own microbiota, and it is believed that inflammatory and neoplastic processes affecting the gland may be linked to intestinal dysbiosis. Increasing research evidence testifies a correlation between intestinal dysbiosis and various pancreatic disorders, but it remains unclear whether dysbiosis is the cause or an effect. The analysis of specific alterations in the microbiome profile may permit to develop novel tools for the early detection of several pancreatic disorders, utilizing samples, such as blood, saliva, and stools. Future studies will have to elucidate the mechanisms by which gut microbiota is modulated and how it tunes the immune system, in order to be able to develop innovative treatment strategies for pancreatic disorders.
Topics: Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Immune System; Microbiota; Pancreatic Diseases
PubMed: 29563853
DOI: 10.1155/2018/7946431 -
Semergen Apr 2015Despite the recent technological advances in imaging, abdominal ultrasonography continues to be the first diagnostic test indicated in patients with a suspicion of...
Despite the recent technological advances in imaging, abdominal ultrasonography continues to be the first diagnostic test indicated in patients with a suspicion of pancreatic disease, due to its safety, accessibility and low cost. It is an essential technique in the study of inflammatory processes, since it not only assesses changes in pancreatic parenchyma, but also gives an indication of the origin (bile or alcoholic). It is also essential in the detection and tracing of possible complications as well as being used as a guide in diagnostic and therapeutic punctures. It is also the first technique used in the study of pancreatic tumors, detecting them with a sensitivity of around 70% and a specificity of 90%.
Topics: Humans; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Sensitivity and Specificity; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 24950816
DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2014.04.008 -
Pharmacological Research Apr 2019Pancreatic diseases, such as acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer, are common gastrointestinal diseases resulting in the development of local...
Pancreatic diseases, such as acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer, are common gastrointestinal diseases resulting in the development of local and systemic complications with a high risk of death. Numerous studies have examined pancreatic diseases over the past few decades; however, the pathogenesis remains unclear, and there is a lack of effective treatment options. Recently, emerging evidence has suggested that transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) exerts controversial functions in apoptosis, inflammatory responses, and carcinogenesis, indicating its complex role in the pathogenesis of pancreas-associated disease. Therefore, a further understanding of relevant TGF-β signalling will provide new ideas and potential therapeutic targets for preventing disease progression. This is the first systematic review of recent data from animal and human clinical studies focusing on TGF-β signalling in pancreas damage and diseases. This information may aid in the development of therapeutic agents for regulating TGF-β in this pathology to prevent or treat pancreatic diseases.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Pancreatic Diseases; Transforming Growth Factor beta
PubMed: 30682425
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.01.038