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Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni... 2020Panic attack is a separate episode of fear or anxiety with the simultaneous development of typical autonomic and mental symptoms. Attack is a widespread phenomenon that... (Review)
Review
Panic attack is a separate episode of fear or anxiety with the simultaneous development of typical autonomic and mental symptoms. Attack is a widespread phenomenon that makes up the central core of panic disorder and affects about 5% of the population. Up to 71% of patients suffering from attacks report panic episodes not only in wakefulness, but also during sleep. This review focuses on the distinctions of night panic attacks, the particular qualities of sleep disturbances associated with them, and methods of treating these conditions.
Topics: Anxiety Disorders; Humans; Panic; Panic Disorder; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 33459551
DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2020120121118 -
Neuro Endocrinology Letters Oct 2020Panic disorder and agoraphobia not only affect the patients themselves but also may have a detrimental effect on their intimate relationships. A problem arising in the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Panic disorder and agoraphobia not only affect the patients themselves but also may have a detrimental effect on their intimate relationships. A problem arising in the intimate sphere could be a trigger, a modulator, a maintenance factor, or the result of the panic disorder and agoraphobia. The consequences of panic disorder include increased demands on the non-affected partner to adapt, which may prove to be too challenging for some to manage. Panic disorder and agoraphobia can also change earlier relationship patterns which may result in partnership dysfunction. This review explores the effect of panic disorder and agoraphobia upon partnership problems and satisfaction.
METHOD
Relevant studies were identified via PubMed and Web of Science, published between January 1970 and April 2020. The search terms included "panic disorder", "agoraphobia", "marital problems", "marital conflicts" and "marital adjustment". Further references were found in reviews, books, and book chapters of the relevant papers. A total of 1154 articles were nominated by primary assortment using the keywords in different combinations. After selecting according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, evaluating the complete texts and searching for secondary documents, 173 papers were finally chosen.
RESULTS
Problems in a relationship can act as a trigger for the development of the panic disorder and agoraphobia and could also function as modulating and maintenance factors. Panic disorder and agoraphobia often have a negative influence on the relationship and the non-affected partner. Partnership problems can be both a precursor and a consequence of panic disorder and agoraphobia.
Topics: Agoraphobia; Family Conflict; Humans; Marriage; Panic Disorder; Personal Satisfaction
PubMed: 33307653
DOI: No ID Found -
Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 2016The prevalence of panic disorder (PD) in the population is high and these patients have work impairment, high unemployment rates, seek medical treatment more frequently... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The prevalence of panic disorder (PD) in the population is high and these patients have work impairment, high unemployment rates, seek medical treatment more frequently and have more hospitalizations than people without panic symptoms. Despite the availability of pharmacological, psychological and combined treatments, approximately one-third of all PD patients have persistent panic attacks and other PD symptoms after treatment.
AREAS COVERED
MEDLINE/Pubmed, CENTRAL, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases were searched for clinical trials in treatment-resistant PD. Only studies published between 1980 and 2015, in English, with human subjects, considered "journal articles" and clinical trial were included. We included trials recruiting only adult subjects with treatment-resistant PD, consistent with criteria from DSM-III to DSM5. We included all prospective experimental studies. Case, case series, retrospective studies or studies with <10 PD subjects were not included.
EXPERT OPINION
Only 11 articles were included in this review. There were few quality studies, only two were randomized, controlled and double blind. Augmentation of the pharmacological treatment with cognitive-behavioral therapy demonstrated some short-term efficacy in treatment-resistant PD. There were also preliminary evidences of efficacy for monotherapy with reboxetine and olanzapine, and augmentation with pindolol, divalproex sodium, aripiprazole and olanzapine in short-term treatment.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Panic Disorder; Prospective Studies; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Failure
PubMed: 26635099
DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2016.1109628 -
Neuroscience Bulletin Jun 2024Panic disorder is a psychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent panic attacks, with a prevalence of ~ 4% in the general population, causing heavy personal and... (Review)
Review
Panic disorder is a psychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent panic attacks, with a prevalence of ~ 4% in the general population, causing heavy personal and socioeconomic burdens. The similarities of animal defense responses to clinical panic attack symptoms in humans make it possible to translate neuroanatomical pathways identified in animal studies to panic disorder in humans. Therefore, in this review we first present a basic overview of panic disorder in humans including the main subtypes, models commonly used to trigger panic attacks, related hypotheses, the neurotransmitter systems that may be involved, and the current clinical treatments to give the reader a comprehensive understanding of panic disorder. The animal section introduces the models that trigger panic-like behavior in animals and the brain regions that may be involved, providing insights for future elucidation of the neural circuit mechanisms behind panic attacks.
Topics: Panic Disorder; Humans; Brain; Animals; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 37477800
DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01088-9 -
Journal of Anxiety Disorders Mar 2021Pandemics are associated with panic buying (PB) of groceries and other supplies. During the COVID-19 pandemic, community leaders expressed frustration and bewilderment... (Review)
Review
Pandemics are associated with panic buying (PB) of groceries and other supplies. During the COVID-19 pandemic, community leaders expressed frustration and bewilderment about PB. Psychological explanatory concepts, including those from social learning theory and the concept of the behavioral immune system, along with recent research, suggests the following account of pandemic-related PB. PB arises when people are told to go into self-isolation as part of pandemic containment interventions. Empirically, episodes of PB typically last 7-10 days and are likely initiated by highly fearful people. PB by an anxious minority of shoppers leads to fear contagion among other shoppers, amplified by widespread dissemination, via social media, of images and videos of PB and empty shelves in stores. Thus, a snow-balling effect arises where fear of scarcity creates real but short-term scarcity. People who are highly frightened of infection tend to have heightened disgust proneness. Toilet paper is a means of escaping disgust stimuli, and for this and other reasons, toilet paper became a target of PB for people frightened of contracting COVID-19. Exploitative or selfish over-purchasing also occurred, motivated by "dark" (e.g., psychopathic) personality traits. "Don't panic!" messages from community leaders were ineffective or counter-productive. Alternative forms of messaging are discussed.
Topics: Anxiety; COVID-19; Communication; Consumer Behavior; Humans; Pandemics; Panic; Public Opinion; Social Media
PubMed: 33517219
DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102364 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2021The classic gut hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) and its CCK-receptor are expressed in almost all regions of the brain. This widespread expression makes CCK by far the most... (Review)
Review
The classic gut hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) and its CCK-receptor are expressed in almost all regions of the brain. This widespread expression makes CCK by far the most abundant peptidergic transmitter system in the brain. This CNS-ubiquity has, however, complicated the delineation of the roles of CCK peptides in normal brain functions and neuropsychiatric diseases. Nevertheless, the common panic disorder disease is apparently associated with CCK in the brain. Thus, the C-terminal tetrapeptide fragment of CCK (CCK-4) induces, by intravenous administration in a dose-related manner, panic attacks that are similar to the endogenous attacks in panic disorder patients. This review describes the history behind the discovery of the panicogenic effect of CCK-4. Subsequently, the review discusses three unsettled questions about the involvement of cerebral CCK in the pathogenesis of anxiety and panic disorder, including therapeutic attempts with CCK-receptor antagonists.
Topics: Adult; Cholecystokinin; Humans; Panic Disorder
PubMed: 34577128
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185657 -
Psychophysiology Aug 2019The present article aims to illustrate and review evidence on how associative learning involving interoceptive stimuli (interoceptive conditioning) can lead to changes... (Review)
Review
The present article aims to illustrate and review evidence on how associative learning involving interoceptive stimuli (interoceptive conditioning) can lead to changes in physiological, emotional, and perceptual outcomes. We first outline a functional perspective on Pavlovian conditioning and provide a general introduction and historical background on interoceptive conditioning as a special instance of Pavlovian conditioning. Next, biological and learning accounts of panic disorder are discussed, followed by an analysis of which stimuli and responses may be most promising to model learning that is relevant to panic disorder. Finally, studies on interoceptive fear conditioning with respiratory stimuli are reviewed and discussed, and future directions are outlined.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Association Learning; Conditioning, Classical; Fear; Humans; Interoception; Panic Disorder
PubMed: 31228272
DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13421 -
Arquivos de Neuro-psiquiatria Dec 2017Many myths and legends have had a deep influence on modern language, and on modern medical vernacular. The terms "syrinx" and "panic"are two of the most characteristic...
Many myths and legends have had a deep influence on modern language, and on modern medical vernacular. The terms "syrinx" and "panic"are two of the most characteristic examples and their use in neurology and other specialties is well known. This article reviews the history of these words in Greek mythology and their use in modern medicine. It is known by very few that clinical symptoms or conditions, such as syringomyelia and panic attacks, have a mythological origin in their definition and naming.
Topics: Greece; Humans; Mythology; Panic; Syringomyelia; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 29236893
DOI: 10.1590/0004-282X20170140 -
Chronic Stress (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) 2017Panic disorder is an often chronic and impairing human anxiety syndrome, which frequently results in serious psychiatric and medical comorbidities. Although, to date,... (Review)
Review
Panic disorder is an often chronic and impairing human anxiety syndrome, which frequently results in serious psychiatric and medical comorbidities. Although, to date, there have been many advances in the diagnosis and treatment of panic disorder, its pathophysiology still remains to be elucidated. In this review, recent evidence for a neurobiological basis of panic disorder is reviewed with particular attention to risk factors such as genetic vulnerability, chronic stress, and temperament. In addition, neuroimaging data are reviewed which provides support for the concept of panic disorder as a fear network disorder. The potential impact of the National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria constructs of acute and chronic threats responses and their implications for the neurobiology of panic disorder are also discussed.
PubMed: 32440580
DOI: 10.1177/2470547017736038 -
Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology &... Oct 2016Panic disorder is commonly prevalent in the population, but the treatment response for panic disorder in clinical practice is much less effective than that in our... (Review)
Review
Panic disorder is commonly prevalent in the population, but the treatment response for panic disorder in clinical practice is much less effective than that in our imagination. Increasing evidence suggested existence of a chronic or remitting-relapsing clinical course in panic disorder. In this systematic review, we re-examine the definition of treatment-resistant panic disorder, and present the potential risk factors related to the treatment resistance, including the characteristics of panic disorder, other psychiatric and physical comorbidities, and psychosocial stresses. Furthermore, we summarize the potential pathophysiologies, such as genetic susceptibility, altered brain functioning, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and long-term inflammation, to explain the treatment resistance. Finally, we conclude the current therapeutic strategies for treating treatment-resistant panic disorder from pharmacological and non-pharmacological views.
Topics: Drug Resistance; Humans; Panic Disorder
PubMed: 26850787
DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.02.001