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Biology Mar 2022The applications of nanoparticles (Nps) as food additives, health enhancers, and antimicrobials in animal production are increasing. The aim of this study was to...
The applications of nanoparticles (Nps) as food additives, health enhancers, and antimicrobials in animal production are increasing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of selenium (Se) nanoparticles (SeNps) stabilized with L-cysteine (SeNps/L-Cys), as a nutritional supplement, on immunological, oxidative status, and productive parameters in TEM and SEM-EDS showed the accumulation of spherical SeNps entirely composed by elemental selenium (Se) as intracellular and extracellular deposits in UC-32 strain. The in vitro antioxidant capacity of SeNps/L-Cys was significant more efficient ROS scavengers than SeNps and NaSeO. We also evaluate the effect of SeNps/L-Cys on cell viability and oxidative stress in RTgill-W1, RTS-11, or T-PHKM cell lines. SeNps/L-Cys showed less toxic and high antioxidant activity than SeNps and NaSeO. Finally, the dietary SeNps/L-Cys had a significant better effect on both plasma lysozyme and respiratory burst activity (innate immune response), on tissular Gpx activity (oxidative status), and on well-being (productive parameter) of when it is compared to SeNps and NaSeO. SeNps/L-Cys is a promising alternative for nutritional supplement for with better performance than NaSeO and SeNps, ease to implementation, and reduced environmental impact.
PubMed: 35336836
DOI: 10.3390/biology11030463 -
International Archives of Occupational... Aug 2022Gram-negative bacteria occur commonly in the inner tissues of stored coniferous and deciduous timber, showing a marked variation in numbers. The greatest maximal numbers... (Review)
Review
OCCURRENCE
Gram-negative bacteria occur commonly in the inner tissues of stored coniferous and deciduous timber, showing a marked variation in numbers. The greatest maximal numbers are found in the sapwood of coniferous timber. The common constituents of the Gram-negative biota are potentially pathogenic species of Enterobacteriaceae family of the genera Rahnella, Pantoea, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella. The air of wood-processing facilities is polluted with the wood-borne Gram-negative bacteria and produced by them endotoxin, as demonstrated worldwide by numerous studies.
EFFECTS
There are three potential pathways of the pathogenic impact of wood-borne Gram-negative bacteria on exposed woodworkers: allergic, immunotoxic, and infectious. Allergic impact has been underestimated for a long time with relation to Gram-negative bacteria. Hopefully, the recent demonstration of the first documented case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) in woodworkers caused by Pantoea agglomerans which developed in extremely large quantities in birch sapwood, would speed up finding of new wood-related cases of HP caused by Gram-negative bacteria. The second pathway is associated with endotoxin, exerting strong immunotoxic (excessively immunostimulative) action. It has been demonstrated that endotoxin is released into wood dust in the form of nano-sized microvesicles, by peeling off the outer membrane of bacteria. Endotoxin microvesicles are easily inhaled by humans together with dust because of small dimensions and aerodynamic shape. Afterwards, they cause a nonspecific activation of lung macrophages, which release numerous inflammatory mediators causing an inflammatory lung reaction, chest tightness, fever, gas exchange disorders, and bronchospasm, without radiographic changes. The resulting disease is known as "Organic Dust Toxic Syndrome" or "toxic pneumonitis." The potential third pathway of pathogenic impact is infection. The suspected species is Klebsiella pneumoniae that may occur commonly in wood dust; however, until now this pathway has not been confirmed.
CONCLUSION
Summarizing, Gram-negative bacteria-inhabiting timber should be considered, besides filamentous fungi and actinobacteria, as important risk factors of occupational disease in woodworkers that could be either HP with allergenic background or toxic pneumonitis elicited by endotoxin.
Topics: Bacteria; Dust; Endotoxins; Fungi; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Occupational Exposure; Wood
PubMed: 35015109
DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01829-1 -
PHAGE (New Rochelle, N.Y.) Mar 2020is a genus within the whose members encompass free-living and host-associated lifestyles. Despite our growing understanding of the role of mobile genetic elements in...
is a genus within the whose members encompass free-living and host-associated lifestyles. Despite our growing understanding of the role of mobile genetic elements in the biology, ecology, and evolution of this bacterial group, few bacteriophages have been identified and characterized. A bacteriophage that could infect was isolated from barnyard soil. We used electron microscopy and complete genome sequencing to identify the viral family, and evaluated its host range across 10 different species groups using both bacterial lawn and phage lawn assays. The latter assays were carried out using a scalable microplate assay to increase throughput and enable spectrophotometric quantitation. We also performed a phylogenetic analysis to determine the closest relatives of our phage. Phage vB_PagP-SK1 belongs to the genus of the Podoviridae family in the order Caudovirales. The 39,938 bp genome has a modular structure with early, middle, and late genes, along with the characteristic direct terminal repeats of 172 bp. Genome composition and synteny were similar to that of the phage, vB_EamP-L1, with the exception of a few loci that are most similar to genes of phage infecting other members of the A total of 94 strains were surveyed and vB_PagP-SK1 was found to infect 15 strains across three species, predominantly , along with one strain. vB_PagP-SK1 belongs to the genus and has a host range that spans groups, and is most closely related to the phage, vB_EamP-L1. The presence of xenologous genes in its genome indicates that the genome is a mosaic of multiple phages that infect members of the .
PubMed: 36147614
DOI: 10.1089/phage.2019.0012 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Oct 2020to study the distribution of Pantoea agglomerans (P. agglomerans) statistically and the presence of bla type ESβL in the clinical and environmental isolates.
THE PURPOSE
to study the distribution of Pantoea agglomerans (P. agglomerans) statistically and the presence of bla type ESβL in the clinical and environmental isolates.
METHODS
During a period of 2014-2015, 895 blood specimens and 438 hospital environmental samples were collected from one children's hospital in Baghdad city. The results of statistical analysis showed there was no relationship between the infection with P. agglomerans and the sex, while there was a relationship between the infection with the P. agglomerans and the place of residence and also the age of patients.
RESULT
A total of 23 P. agglomerans were isolated during the study, out of 23 isolates, 13 (56.52%) and 10 (43.48%) were isolated from blood specimens and from hospital environment. All 23 isolates had 100% sensitivity rate to Imipenem and the highest resistant rate was (95.65%) to Ampicillin. Out of 23 P. agglomerans, 14 (60.87%) isolates were positive ESβL producing by the screening test.
CONCLUSION
The result of molecular screening of the gene bla showed the presence of this gene only in phenotypically ESBL producing isolates, while all negative ESβL producing isolates don't harboring bla gene. Out of 14 positive ESβL producing P. agglomerans isolates, 5 (35.71%) were harboring bla gene and 9 (64.29%) of positive ESβL producing isolates were don't harboring bla gene (significant difference at ≤0.05).
Topics: Child; Humans; Pantoea
PubMed: 32653435
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104374 -
Carbohydrate Research Oct 2020Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was isolated from Pantoea agglomerans 7460 cells by phenol-water extraction. Mild acid degradation allowed to separate OPS and lipid A. Lipid A...
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was isolated from Pantoea agglomerans 7460 cells by phenol-water extraction. Mild acid degradation allowed to separate OPS and lipid A. Lipid A was analyzed by negative-ion mode ESI MS and found to consist mainly of hexaacylated derivative containing biphosphorylated GlcN disaccharide, four 14:0 (3-OH), 18:0 and 12:0 fatty acids. The structure of the O-specific polysaccharide was established by chemical, NMR and computational methods: The LPS of Р. agglomerans 7460 showed low level of toxicity and pyrogenicity to compare with LPS of E. coli O55:B5 and pyrogenal, respectively. The ability of the modified (succinylated) LPS, which have lost its toxicity, to block the toxic effects of native LPS has been shown.
Topics: Carbohydrate Conformation; Models, Molecular; O Antigens; Pantoea; Phenol; Phosphorylation; Water
PubMed: 32861900
DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108132 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2023Walnut blight is a serious bacterial disease that affects the yield and quality of walnuts. is one of the main causative agents of walnut blight. However, there have...
INTRODUCTION
Walnut blight is a serious bacterial disease that affects the yield and quality of walnuts. is one of the main causative agents of walnut blight. However, there have been few studies on the response of walnuts to infection.
METHODS
In this study, the soluble sugar, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activities, and secondary metabolites were measured, and the transcriptomic analysis was performed to determine the response of walnut tissue cultures to infection.
RESULTS
After pathogen inoculation, the soluble sugar content decreased, and photosynthesis was inhibited. Antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) activities and secondary metabolites (phenol and flavonoid) contents increased, especially in the early stages of inoculation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway is induced after infection, and pathogen infection promotes ABA and ethylene signal transduction and inhibits auxin signaling. In addition, SA and JA-related gene expression was altered after inoculation with , and the FLS- and calcium-mediated disease resistance signaling pathways were activated. Furthermore, our results suggested an involvement of the R-protein RPM-mediated disease resistance pathway in the response of walnuts to bacterial infections.
DISCUSSION
Our findings indicated that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, hormone signal transduction, and plant-pathogen interaction have key roles in pathogenic inoculation, which provide insights into the molecular mechanisms in the response of walnuts to infection.
PubMed: 38116156
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1294643 -
Molecular Plant Pathology Nov 2019Pantoea agglomerans (Pa), a widespread commensal bacterium, has evolved into a host-specific gall-forming pathogen on gypsophila and beet by acquiring a plasmid...
Pantoea agglomerans (Pa), a widespread commensal bacterium, has evolved into a host-specific gall-forming pathogen on gypsophila and beet by acquiring a plasmid harbouring a type III secretion system (T3SS) and effectors (T3Es). Pantoea agglomerans pv. gypsophilae (Pag) elicits galls on gypsophila and a hypersensitive response on beet, whereas P. agglomerans pv. betae (Pab) elicits galls on beet and gypsophila. HsvG and HsvB are two paralogous T3Es present in both pathovars and act as host-specific transcription activators on gypsophila and beet, respectively. PthG and PseB are major T3Es that contribute to gall development of Pag and Pab, respectively. To establish the minimal combinations of T3Es that are sufficient to elicit gall symptoms, strains of the nonpathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens 55, Pa 3-1, Pa 98 and Escherichia coli, transformed with pHIR11 harbouring a T3SS, and the phytopathogenic bacteria Erwinia amylovora, Dickeya solani and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris were transformed with the T3Es hsvG, hsvB, pthG and pseB, either individually or in pairs, and used to infect gypsophila and beet. Strikingly, all the tested nonpathogenic and phytopathogenic bacterial strains harbouring hsvG and pthG incited galls on gypsophila, whereas strains harbouring hsvB and pseB, with the exception of E. coli, incited galls on beet.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Secretion Systems; Beta vulgaris; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Pantoea; Plant Tumors
PubMed: 31368647
DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12860 -
Annals of Agricultural and... 2016Pantoea agglomerans, a Gram-negative bacterium developing in a variety of plants as epiphyte or endophyte is particularly common in grain and grain dust, and has been... (Review)
Review
Pantoea agglomerans: a mysterious bacterium of evil and good. Part II--Deleterious effects: Dust-borne endotoxins and allergens--focus on grain dust, other agricultural dusts and wood dust.
Pantoea agglomerans, a Gram-negative bacterium developing in a variety of plants as epiphyte or endophyte is particularly common in grain and grain dust, and has been identified by an interdisciplinary group from Lublin, eastern Poland, as a causative agent of work-related diseases associated with exposure to grain dust and other agricultural dusts. The concentration of P. agglomerans in grain as well as in the settled grain and flour dust was found to be high, ranging from 10(4)-10(8) CFU/g, while in the air polluted with grain or flour dust it ranged from 10(3)-10(5) CFU/m(3) and formed 73.2-96% of the total airborne Gram-negative bacteria. The concentration of P. agglomerans was also relatively high in the air of the facilities processing herbs and other plant materials, while it was lower in animal farms and in wood processing facilities. Pantoea agglomerans produces a biologically-potent endotoxin (cell wall lipopolysaccharide, LPS). The significant part of this endotoxin occurs in dusts in the form of virus-sized globular nanoparticles measuring 10-50 nm that could be described as the 'endotoxin super-macromolecules'. A highly significant relationship was found (R=0.804, P=0.000927) between the concentration of the viable P. agglomerans in the air of various agricultural and wood industry settings and the concentration of bacterial endotoxin in the air, as assessed by the Limulus test. Although this result may be interfered by the presence of endotoxin produced by other Gram-negative species, it unequivocally suggests the primary role of the P. agglomerans endotoxin as an adverse agent in the agricultural working environment, causing toxic pneumonitis (ODTS). Numerous experiments by the inhalation exposure of animals to various extracts of P. agglomerans strains isolated from grain dust, including endotoxin isolated with trichloroacetic acid (LPS-TCA), endotoxin nanoparticles isolated in sucrose gradient (VECN), and mixture of proteins and endotoxin obtained by extraction of bacterial mass in saline (CA-S), showed the ability of these extracts to evoke inflammatory and fibrotic changes in the lungs, to stimulate alveolar macrophages to produce superoxide anion (O2(-)), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and chemotactic factors for other macrophages and neutrophils, and to increase the pulmonary concentrations of toll-like receptors and chemokines. The most potent properties showed the CA-S which may be attributed to the allergenic properties of P. agglomerans proteins enhanced by the presence of the autologous endotoxin. The results of these experiments are in accord with the clinical studies which revealed a high reactivity of the agricultural and grain industry workers to allergenic extracts of P. agglomerans, and the presence in these populations of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and asthma cases caused by this bacterium. P. agglomerans has been also identified as a potential causative agent of allergic dermatitis in farmers and of allergic pulmonary disorders in cattle. In conclusion, similar to the cotton industry, also in the grain industry and in agriculture, Pantoea agglomerans should be regarded as one of the major causative agents of work-related diseases, caused by the adverse effects of protein allergens and endotoxin produced by this bacterium.
Topics: Agriculture; Allergens; Dust; Edible Grain; Endotoxins; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Humans; Pantoea; Wood
PubMed: 27007514
DOI: 10.5604/12321966.1196848 -
The Science of the Total Environment May 2023Pantoea dispersa is a Gram-negative bacterium that exists in a variety of environments and has potential in many commercial and agricultural applications, such as... (Review)
Review
Pantoea dispersa is a Gram-negative bacterium that exists in a variety of environments and has potential in many commercial and agricultural applications, such as biotechnology, environmental protection, soil bioremediation, and plant growth stimulation. However, P. dispersa is also a harmful pathogen to both humans and plants. This "double-edged sword" phenomenon is not uncommon in nature. To ensure survival, microorganisms respond to both environmental and biological stimuli, which could be beneficial or detrimental to other species. Therefore, to harness the full potential of P. dispersa, while minimizing potential harm, it is imperative to unravel its genetic makeup, understand its ecological interactions and underlying mechanisms. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the genetic and biological characteristics of P. dispersa, in addition to potential impacts on plants and humans, as well as to provide insights into potential applications.
Topics: Humans; Biodegradation, Environmental; Pantoea; Soil; Agriculture; Plants
PubMed: 36801414
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162320 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Aug 2023A facultative anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative rod-shaped bacterium, designated R, was isolated from the faecal material of a rabbit (). The strain could not be identified...
A facultative anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative rod-shaped bacterium, designated R, was isolated from the faecal material of a rabbit (). The strain could not be identified using an MALDI Biotyper sirius CA System. The closest matches based on the Bruker library were members of the genera and . However, the score value was in the range of no organism identification possible. Based on pairwise of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was found to be a member of the family . The highest sequence similarities were found to the sequences of LMG 26273 (98.7 %), NBRC 102595 (98.5 %) and 090008 (98.4 %). Phylogenetic and whole genome analysis demonstrated that strain R represents a novel species within the genus . The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain R were C and products present in summed feature 2 (C) aldehyde, summed feature 3 (C ω6 and/or Cω7) and summed feature 8 (C ω7 and/or C ω6). genome analysis showed the presence of enzymes required for production of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylserine. The G+C content determined from the genome was 54.94 mol %. Based on biochemical, phylogenetic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic criteria, the isolate represents a novel species of the genus for which the name sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain R (=CCUG 76269=ATCC TSD-291).
Topics: Animals; Rabbits; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Pantoea; Ubiquinone; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Bacterial Typing Techniques
PubMed: 37535055
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005968