-
BMC Research Notes Sep 2021Papillary Thyroid carcinoma accounts for more than 60% of adult thyroid carcinomas. Finding a helpful marker is vital to determine the correct treatment approach. The... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
Papillary Thyroid carcinoma accounts for more than 60% of adult thyroid carcinomas. Finding a helpful marker is vital to determine the correct treatment approach. The present study was aimed to evaluate the expression of the B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI-1) gene in papillary carcinoma, adenoma, and adjacent healthy thyroid tissues. Pathology blocks of thyroid tissues at the pathology department of patients who have undergone thyroid surgery between 2015 and 2019 were examined; papillary carcinoma, adenoma, and healthy tissues were selected and sectioned. Total RNA was extracted, and the relative expression level of the BMI-1 gene was examined using the Real-Time qPCR method.
RESULTS
In the papillary and adenoma tissues, BMI-1 was overexpressed (1.047-fold and 1.042-fold) in comparison to healthy tissues (p < 0.05 for both comparisons). However, no statistically significant differences were observed between adenoma and papillary carcinoma tissues regarding BMI-1 gene expression. This study demonstrated a new biomarker for thyroid malignancies and found that the mRNA levels of the BMI-1 gene were higher in tumor tissues compared with healthy tissues. Further studies are needed to evaluate the BMI1 gene expression in other thyroid cancers.
Topics: Adenoma; Animals; Body Mass Index; Carcinoma, Papillary; Humans; Mice; Proto-Oncogene Mas; Proto-Oncogenes; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 34551814
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05771-w -
Japanese Journal of Radiology Aug 2023Many types of tumors can develop in the pituitary gland. In the recently revised 5th editions of the World Health Organization (WHO) classifications (2021 WHO... (Review)
Review
Many types of tumors can develop in the pituitary gland. In the recently revised 5th editions of the World Health Organization (WHO) classifications (2021 WHO Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors and the 2022 WHO Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors), various changes have been made to the tumors other than pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET)/pituitary adenoma, as well as PitNET. Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma and papillary craniopharyngioma are now considered separate tumors in the 5th edition of the WHO classification. Tumors positive for thyroid transcription factor 1, a marker of posterior pituitary cells, are now grouped together in the pituicyte tumor family in the 5th edition of the WHO classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors. Poorly differentiated chordoma is newly listed in the 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors. In this paper, we present the latest WHO classification of pituitary tumors (adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma, papillary craniopharyngioma, pituitary blastoma, pituicyte tumor family, tumors of pituitary origin other than those of the pituicyte tumor family, germinoma, meningioma, chordoma, metastatic tumors, lymphoma, and pituitary incidentaloma), review diseases requiring differentiation from tumors (pituitary abscess, hypophysitis, pituitary hyperplasia, Rathke's cleft cyst, arachnoid cyst, and aneurysm), and discuss diagnoses based on imaging findings.
Topics: Humans; Pituitary Neoplasms; Craniopharyngioma; Chordoma; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary Diseases; Adenoma; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Meningeal Neoplasms; World Health Organization
PubMed: 36913010
DOI: 10.1007/s11604-023-01407-0 -
Ceskoslovenska Patologie 2019Metanephric adenoma is a rare renal tumor with almost exclusively benign behavior, which can clinically and radiologically imitate malignancy. The histological... (Review)
Review
Metanephric adenoma is a rare renal tumor with almost exclusively benign behavior, which can clinically and radiologically imitate malignancy. The histological examination is therefore crucial in diagnosis. We report a case of a 69-year-old female with an incidental finding of metanephric adenoma of the left kidney and synchronous clear cell renal cell carcinoma of the contralateral kidney. In the report, we present our experience with this rare tumor and literature review with focusing on differential diagnosis. The histological differential diagnosis of metanephric adenoma includes papillary renal cell carcinoma in adult patients and nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor), particularly in children. Immunohistochemical examination and cytogenetic analyses may be useful in differential diagnosis of these neoplasms.
Topics: Adenoma; Aged; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Wilms Tumor
PubMed: 31726842
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Dec 2019Follicular nodules are the most common source of diagnostic difficulties in the practice of surgical pathology of the thyroid. This is due to a variety of factors, the... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT.—
Follicular nodules are the most common source of diagnostic difficulties in the practice of surgical pathology of the thyroid. This is due to a variety of factors, the most salient of which is the lack of well-defined criteria and evidence-based data for the diagnosis of these lesions.
OBJECTIVES.—
To discuss some of the assumptions that have been accrued over the years regarding the criteria by which we evaluate such lesions.
DATA SOURCES.—
The information presented herein is based on review of the literature and the author's personal experience.
CONCLUSIONS.—
Thyroid nodules with a predominant follicular growth pattern span the range from benign lesions (hyperplastic nodules, adenomatoid nodules, follicular adenomas) to malignant neoplasms (follicular carcinoma, follicular variant of papillary carcinoma) with a host of intermediate or indeterminate lesions found in between. Advances in immunohistochemistry and molecular pathology have not yet provided a reliable way of separating the borderline or intermediate cases. Low-grade and intermediate or borderline follicular-patterned thyroid lesions are those most often prone to difficulties for interpretation. Newer and potential future approaches for the evaluation of these lesions are discussed.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Follicular; Adenoma; Humans; Thyroid Nodule
PubMed: 31556698
DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2019-0301-RA -
Pathologica Aug 2022Alveolar adenoma is a rare tumour of the lung. It is typically found in asymptomatic adults as a peripheral or subplerual nodule on imaging examination. Microscopically,... (Review)
Review
Alveolar adenoma is a rare tumour of the lung. It is typically found in asymptomatic adults as a peripheral or subplerual nodule on imaging examination. Microscopically, the tumour is composed of admixture of epithelial and mesenchymal component in variable sized cystic or alveolar structures. The tumour shows a benign nature. There have been no reported recurrences or metastases. Malignant transformation of alveolar adenoma and coexisting with lung carcinoma have been rarely described. In this article, we report a case of an alveolar adenoma and coexisting atypical adenomatous hyperplasia. This case, contributing to the limited numbers of cases described to date, illustrates the importance of awareness on the possibility of alveolar adenoma being associated with lung carcinoma and its precursor lesions especially when diagnosed by small biopsy specimens.
Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Carcinoma; Humans; Hyperplasia; Lung Neoplasms; Precancerous Conditions
PubMed: 36136901
DOI: 10.32074/1591-951X-755 -
The International Journal of Biological... May 2018The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic roles of CD56 immunohistochemistry in differentiating various thyroid lesions. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic roles of CD56 immunohistochemistry in differentiating various thyroid lesions.
METHODS
A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the rate of loss of CD56 immunohistochemistry expression from 13 eligible studies regarding various thyroid lesions, including papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, and follicular adenoma. To confirm the value of CD56 immunohistochemistry in differentiating various thyroid lesions, a diagnostic test accuracy review was conducted.
RESULTS
An 87.8%, 79.1%, 11.9%, 25.5%, and 19.6% loss of CD56 immunohistochemistry expression was identified in papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, follicular adenoma, benign follicular nodule, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, respectively. In the normal thyroid tissue, the rate of loss of CD56 expression was 1.6%. Classical, follicular, diffuse sclerosing, tall cell, and encapsulated variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma showed an 88.4%, 75.3%, 97.2%, 91.7%, and 91.7% loss of CD56 expression, respectively. In the comparison between the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma and follicular adenoma, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of CD56 immunohistochemistry was 0.82 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70, 0.90) and 0.94 (95% CI 0.83, 0.99), respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio and the area under curve on summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 51.43 (95% CI 5.83, 453.88) and 0.9387, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Collectively, these results indicate that the rate of loss of CD56 immunohistochemistry expression was significantly higher in malignant tumors, such as papillary thyroid carcinoma and follicular carcinoma, than in follicular adenoma, benign follicular nodule, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. As such, CD56 immunohistochemistry can be useful in differentiating follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma from follicular adenoma.
Topics: Adenoma; Biomarkers, Tumor; CD56 Antigen; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Papillary; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Hashimoto Disease; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 29799356
DOI: 10.1177/1724600817748538 -
Medicine May 2020Endoscopic treatment of duodenal papillary tumors is well described. This study aims to provide new evidence for the treatment of benign papillary tumors through...
Endoscopic treatment of duodenal papillary tumors is well described. This study aims to provide new evidence for the treatment of benign papillary tumors through comparisons between endoscopic snare papillectomy (ESP) and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR).Between May 2010 and December 2017, 72 patients were enrolled. Diagnosis and treatment procedures were ESP and EMR. Endoscopic follow-up evaluation was done periodically as a surveillance measurement for recurrence.Seventy-two patients with ampullary tumors were enrolled, of which 66 had adenomas including 9 high-grade intraepithelial neoplasias and 2 carcinomas in adenoma. Complete resections with tumor-free lateral and basal margins were achieved in all patients. Postoperative complications were bleeding (9.5% in EMR vs 10% in ESP) and pancreatitis (2.4% in EMR and 3.3% in ESP), with no occurrence of perforation, cholangitis or papillary stenosis. Adenoma recurrence was found in 7 patients (14.3% in EMR vs 3.3% in ESP) at 1 year.The ESP procedure is safe and effective for benign ampullary adenoma, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasias, and noninvasive cancer without intraductal tumor growth, which has a shorter procedural duration, as well as lower complication, recurrence rates and hospitalization costs.
Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma; Duodenal Neoplasms; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Grading; Operative Time; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 32481436
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000020414 -
Journal of Proteome Research Aug 2015Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and benign thyroid adenoma (BTA) are the most common head and neck tumors. However, the metabolic differences between PTC and BTA have...
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and benign thyroid adenoma (BTA) are the most common head and neck tumors. However, the metabolic differences between PTC and BTA have not been characterized. The aim of this study was to identify the metabolic profiles of these two types of tumors using a metabolomics approach. Tumors and adjacent nontumor specimens collected from 57 patients with PTC and 48 patients with BTA were profiled using gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A panel of 46 and 44 differentially expressed metabolites were identified in the PTC and BTA specimens, respetively, and compared with nontumor tissues. Common metabolic signatures, as characterized by increased glycolysis, amino acid metabolism, one carbon metabolism and tryptophan metabolism, were found in both types of tumors. Purine and pyrimidine metabolism was significantly elevated in the PTC specimens, and taurine and hypotaurine levels were also higher in the PTC tissues. Increased fatty acid and bile acid levels were found, especially in the BTA tissues. The metabolic profiles of the PTC and BTA tissues include both similar and remarkably different metabolites, suggesting the presence of common and unique mechanistic pathways in these types of tumors during tumorigenesis.
Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Amino Acids; Carbon; Carcinoma, Papillary; Chromatography, Liquid; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Purines; Pyrimidines; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 26130307
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00351 -
Pathology International May 2022
Topics: Adenoma; Bronchioles; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Mucins; Organoids
PubMed: 35436016
DOI: 10.1111/pin.13224 -
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery :... Apr 2022Hepatic adenomas (HA), or hepatocellular adenomas, are benign, solid liver lesions that develop in otherwise normal livers, often in the setting of increased estrogen... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Hepatic adenomas (HA), or hepatocellular adenomas, are benign, solid liver lesions that develop in otherwise normal livers, often in the setting of increased estrogen levels. While considered a benign tumor, there is a risk for substantial complications such as hemorrhage and malignant transformation. We review the diagnosis, classification, and potential therapeutic management options for patients with HA.
METHODS
A scoping narrative review was conducted based on recent literature regarding classification, diagnosis, and management of HA.
RESULTS
While HAs are typically considered benign, complications such as hemorrhage and malignant transformation may occur in approximately 25% and 5% of patients, respectively. Recent advances in imaging and molecular profiling have allowed for the classification of HAs into subtypes allowing for patient risk stratification that helps guide management. Surgical resection should be considered in asymptomatic patients who are male, have an adenoma ≥5 cm in diameter, or have the β-catenin-activated subtype due to an increased risk of hemorrhage and/or malignant transformation.
CONCLUSION
Molecular profiling has aided in the stratification of patients relative to the risk of complications to predict better the potential behavior of HAs.
Topics: Adenoma; Adenoma, Liver Cell; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Male
PubMed: 35083725
DOI: 10.1007/s11605-022-05246-8