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Carcinogenesis Jul 2020Imbalance of the gut microbial community promotes inflammation and colorectal cancer (CRC). Previously, we demonstrated that freeze-dried Parabacteroides distasonis (Pd)...
Imbalance of the gut microbial community promotes inflammation and colorectal cancer (CRC). Previously, we demonstrated that freeze-dried Parabacteroides distasonis (Pd) suppressed obesity-driven colorectal tumorigenesis in mice. Here, we investigated if Pd could suppress the development of colon tumors in mice independent of obesity. Six-week-old male A/J mice were assigned to receive: (i) chow diet (CTR); (ii) chow with 0.04% wt/wt freeze-dried Pd (Pd-Early) or (iii) chow diet before switching to 0.04% Pd diet (Pd-Late). Mice remained on diet for 25 weeks with the switch for Pd-Late mice occurring after 19 weeks. All mice received 6 weekly injections of the colon carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM; 10 mg/kg I.P.) starting after 1 week on diet. Colon tumors were observed in 77, 55 and 40% in CTR, Pd-Early and Pd-Late mice, respectively (X2 = 0.047). Colonic expression of toll-like receptor 4, IL-4 and TNF-α was 40% (P < 0.01), 58% (P = 0.05) and 55% (P < 0.001) lower, respectively, in Pd-Early compared with CTR mice. Pd-Late mice displayed a 217% (P = 0.05) and 185% (P < 0.001) increase in colonic IL-10 and TGF-β expression, respectively, compared with CTR mice and similar increases in protein abundances were detected (47-145%; P < 0.05). Pd-Early and Pd-Late mice both demonstrated increased colonic expression of the tight junction proteins Zonula occludens-1 (P < 0.001) and occludin (P < 0.001) at the transcript (2-3-fold; P < 0.01) and protein level (30-50%; P < 0.05) relative to CTR. Our results support a protective role for Pd in colonic tumorigenesis and maintenance of intestinal epithelial barrier in AOM-treated mice.
Topics: Animals; Azoxymethane; Bacteroidetes; Carcinogenesis; Colon; Colonic Neoplasms; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-4; Intestinal Mucosa; Mice; Obesity; Signal Transduction; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Transforming Growth Factor beta
PubMed: 32115637
DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa018 -
Medicine Sep 2023Accumulating evidence has indicated a possible connection between post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and gut microbiota imbalance. To further investigate this... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Accumulating evidence has indicated a possible connection between post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and gut microbiota imbalance. To further investigate this association, the present work was designed to systematically assess the dissimilarity of gut microbiota between PSCI and healthy individuals or stroke patients.
METHODS
A meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted by searching various databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, VIP, CNKI, and Wangfang for relevant studies. The pooled outcomes were used to estimate the combined dissimilarity of gut microbiota composition between PSCI and healthy individuals or patients with stroke.
RESULTS
Nine eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that there were no significant changes in observed richness indexes (Chao1 and ACE) and Shannon index. Notably, a significant decrease in Simpson index was observed in PSCI patients in comparison to the healthy individuals (-0.31, 95% CI: -0.62 to -0.01, P = 0.04). Moreover, the microbiota composition at the phylum level (increased abundance of Proteobacteria), family level (increased abundance of Bacteroidaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Veillonellaceae; decreased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae), and genus level (increased abundance of Bacteroides, Clostridium XIVa, and Parabacteroides; decreased abundance of Prevotella and Ruminococcus) was found to be significantly different between PSCI and controls.
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis suggests a significant shift of observed species and microbiota composition in PSCI compared to healthy individuals or patients with stroke.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Microbiota; Bacteroides; Clostridiales; Cognitive Dysfunction; Stroke
PubMed: 37657030
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000034764 -
The Journal of Infectious Diseases Aug 2023Despite preventive measures, infections continue to pose significant risks to pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) recipients. The gut... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Despite preventive measures, infections continue to pose significant risks to pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) recipients. The gut microbiota has been linked to clinical outcomes following adult allo-HCT. This study evaluated whether similar disruptions or differing microbiota patterns were associated with infection risk in pediatric allo-HCT.
METHODS
In a prospective observational study, fecal samples were obtained from 74 children before conditioning and upon neutrophil recovery. Microbiome signatures identified through sequencing were examined for their associations with infections or acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in the first-year post-HCT using Cox proportional hazards analysis.
RESULTS
Microbiome disruption in adults, did not predict infection risk in pediatric allo-HCT. Unique microbiota signatures were associated with different infections or aGVHD. A ratio of strict and facultative anaerobes (eg, Lachnoclostridium, Parabacteroides) prior to conditioning predicted bacteremia risk (Cox hazard ratio [HR], 3.89). A distinct ratio of oral (eg, Rothia, Veillonella) to intestinal anaerobes (eg, Anaerobutyricum, Romboutsia) at neutrophil recovery predicted likelihood of bacterial infections (Cox HR, 1.81) and viral enterocolitis (Cox HR, 1.96).
CONCLUSIONS
Interactions between medical interventions, pediatric hosts, and microbial communities contribute to microbiota signatures that predict infections. Further multicenter study is necessary to validate the generalizability of these ratios as biomarkers.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Child; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Bacteria; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Graft vs Host Disease
PubMed: 37249910
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad190 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2024The gut microbiota (GM) is a complex ecosystem that is closely linked to host health. spp. polysaccharides (GPs), a major bioactive component of the fungal genus , can... (Review)
Review
The gut microbiota (GM) is a complex ecosystem that is closely linked to host health. spp. polysaccharides (GPs), a major bioactive component of the fungal genus , can modulate the GM, exhibiting various health effects and prebiotic potential. This review comprehensively concluded the structural features and extraction method of GPs. The mechanism of GPs for anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer were further evaluated. The simulated gastrointestinal digestion of GPs and the utilization mechanism of host microorganisms were discussed. It was found that the physicochemical properties and biological activities of GPs depend on their structural characteristics (molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bonds, etc.). Their extraction method also affects the structure and bioactivities of polysaccharides. GPs supplementation could increase the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (e.g. , , and ), while reducing that of pathogenic bacteria (e.g. , ), thus promoting health. Moreover, GPs are resistant to digestion in the stomach and small intestine but are digested in the large intestine. Therefore, GPs can be considered as potential prebiotics. However, further studies should investigate how GPs as prebiotics regulate GM and improve host health.
Topics: Bacteria; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Polysaccharides; Prebiotics
PubMed: 35980144
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2110035 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2022The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of different starch and protein levels on lipid metabolism and gut microbes in mice of different genders. A...
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of different starch and protein levels on lipid metabolism and gut microbes in mice of different genders. A total of 160 male mice were randomly assigned to sixteen groups and fed a 4 × 4 Latin square design with dietary protein concentrations of 16, 18, 20, and 22%, and starch concentrations of 50, 52, 54, and 56%, respectively. The results of the study showed that different proportions of starch and protein had obvious effects on the liver index of mice, and there was a significant interaction between starch and protein on the liver index ( = 0.005). Compared with other protein ratio diets, 18% protein diet significantly increased the serum TBA concentration of mice ( < 0.001), and different starch ratio diets had no effect on serum TBA concentration ( = 0.442). It was proved from the results of ileal tissue HE staining that the low protein diet and the low starch diet were more favorable. There was a significant interaction between diets with different starch and protein levels on , and abundance in feces of mice ( < 0.001). Compared with 16 and 18% protein ratio diets, both 20 and 22% protein diets significantly decreased the and abundance in feces of mice ( < 0.05), and 52% starch ratio diet significantly decreased the and abundance than 50% starch ratio diet of mice ( < 0.05). There was a significant interaction between diets with different starch and protein levels on ( = 0.014) and ( = 0.001) abundance in feces of mice. Taken together, our results suggest that a low protein and starch diet can alter lipid metabolism and gut microbes in mice.
PubMed: 36466418
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1018026 -
Journal of Neurochemistry Dec 2023Diosgenin, a natural steroid saponin, holds promise as a multitarget therapeutic for various diseases, including neurodegenerative conditions. Its efficacy in slowing...
Diosgenin, a natural steroid saponin, holds promise as a multitarget therapeutic for various diseases, including neurodegenerative conditions. Its efficacy in slowing Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke progression has been demonstrated. However, the role of diosgenin in anti-epilepsy and its potential connection to the modulation of the intestinal microbiota remain poorly understood. In this study, exogenous diosgenin significantly mitigated pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures, learning and memory deficits, and hippocampal neuronal injury. 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) sequencing revealed a reversal in the decrease of Bacteroides and Parabacteroides genera in the PTZ-induced mouse epileptic model following diosgenin treatment. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments illustrated the involvement of diosgenin in modulating gut microbiota and providing neuroprotection against epilepsy. Our results further indicated the repression of enteric glial cells (EGCs) activation and the TLR4-MyD88 pathway, coupled with reduced production of inflammatory cytokines in the colonic lumen, and improved intestinal barrier function in epilepsy mice treated with diosgenin or FMT. This study suggests that diosgenin plays a role in modifying gut microbiota, contributing to the alleviation of intestinal inflammation and neuroinflammation, ultimately inhibiting epilepsy progression in a PTZ-induced mouse model. Diosgenin emerges as a potential therapeutic option for managing epilepsy and its associated comorbidities.
PubMed: 38115597
DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16033 -
Current Microbiology Feb 2023A Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated AGMB00274 was isolated from swine faeces. An 16S rRNA gene...
A Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated AGMB00274 was isolated from swine faeces. An 16S rRNA gene analysis indicated that strain AGMB00274 belonged to the genus Parabacteroides, with the highest similarity to Parabacteroides johnsonii (P. johnsonii) DSM 18315 (sequence similarity of 94.9%). The genome size of strain AGMB00274 was 4,308,683 bp, with a DNA G+C content of 42.5 mol%. The biochemical analysis of strain AGMB00274 showed that it was positive for gelatin hydrolysis and α-fucosidase, but negative for the acid production from D-glucose, D-mannitol, D-maltose, salicin, glycerol, D-cellobiose, D-mannose, D-melezitose, D-sorbitol, D-trehalose, and negative for α-arabinosidase, glutamic acid decarboxylase, and pyroglutamic acid arylamidase. The dominant cellular fatty acids (> 10%) of the isolate were anteiso-C (23.2%), iso-C (16.6%), C ω9c (16.4%), summed feature 11 (iso-C 3-OH and/or C DMA) (12.5%), and C (11.3%). The major respiratory quinones of strain AGMB00274 were MK-9 (55.4%) and MK-10 (44.6%). The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. Based on phylogenetic, genetic, physiological, and chemotaxonomic analyses, as a novel species of the genus Parabacteroides, strain AGMB00274 was proposed with the name Parabacteroides faecalis sp. nov. The type strain used was AGMB00274 (= KCTC 25286 = GDMCC 1.2742).
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Feces; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Swine; Vitamin K 2; Bacteroidetes
PubMed: 36725751
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03190-7 -
Journal of Microbiology (Seoul, Korea) Oct 2018An obligate anaerobic, Gram-reaction-negative, non-sporeforming, non-motile, rod shaped bacterium designated YMC B3181 was isolated from the blood of a patient with...
An obligate anaerobic, Gram-reaction-negative, non-sporeforming, non-motile, rod shaped bacterium designated YMC B3181 was isolated from the blood of a patient with peritonitis. Strain B3181 grew at 20 to 40°C with optimum growth at 37°C. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed strain B3181 belongs to the genus Parabacteroides and is closely related to Parabacteroides faecis 157 (97.3%), Parabacteroides gordonii MS-1 (96.6%), and Parabacteroides goldsteinii DSM 19448 (95.7%). The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 42.3 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C and iso-C 3-OH, and the predominant respiratory quinones were MK-9 and MK-10 menaquinones. Genomic and chemotaxonomic data supported affiliation of B3181 with the genus Parabacteroides. Strain B3181 was phylogenetically and phenotypically different from recognized species of the genus Parabacteroides. Accordingly, this isolate belongs to a novel species for which the name Parabacteroides chongii sp. nov. (type strain YMC B3181 = LMG 30065 = KACC 19034) is proposed.
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Peritonitis; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 30267315
DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-8122-3 -
Microbiology Spectrum May 2024Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most predominant subtypes of esophageal cancer. The characteristics of the gut microbiome and its metabolites...
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most predominant subtypes of esophageal cancer. The characteristics of the gut microbiome and its metabolites from patients with ESCC have not been adequately studied and discussed. In this study, 40 fecal samples (20 from ESCC patients and 20 from healthy controls) were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. The data sets were analyzed individually and synthesized using various bioinformatics methods. Alpha and beta diversity indicated significant differences in microbial diversity and abundance between ESCC and healthy control feces. At the genus level, the abundance of , , and was significantly increased in ESCC. At the genus level, linear discriminant analysis effect size identified two biomarkers: and . Untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed 307 differential metabolites between ESCC and healthy control feces, with indoles and derivatives, tropane alkaloids, lipids, and lipid-like molecules in higher relative abundance in ESCC feces than in healthy control feces. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that unsaturated fatty acids (FAs), ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling pathway were significantly associated with differential metabolite. Phenylethanolamine and despropionyl p-fluoro fentanyl could be used as reliable biomarkers to differentiate ESCC from healthy control. The correlation analysis showed that may be involved in the synthesis of fatty acyl, carboxylic acids and derivatives, benzenes and substituted derivatives, organic oxygenates, and indoles and derivatives as metabolites. and may be involved in the degradation of indoles and derivatives. , , and may be involved in the synthesis of indoles and derivatives with strong contributions. There is an intricate relationship between the gut microbiome and the levels of several metabolites (e.g., fatty acyls, carboxylic acids and derivatives, indoles, and derivatives). Microbial-associated metabolites can be used as diagnostic biomarkers in therapeutic exploration. Further analysis revealed that , , , and might promote ESCC by regulating the synthesis of indoles and their derivatives. The results of this study provide favorable evidence for the early diagnosis of ESCC and subsequent individualized treatment and targeted interventions.IMPORTANCEWe describe for the first time the differences in fecal microbiome composition and metabolites between patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and healthy controls by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. The results of this study provide a favorable basis for the early diagnosis of ESCC and subsequent targeted interventional therapy.
Topics: Humans; Feces; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Metabolomics; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Esophageal Neoplasms; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Bacteria; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Biomarkers, Tumor; Aged; Adult
PubMed: 38497715
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04012-23 -
Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Dec 2022The interplay among dietary intake, gut microbiota, gut metabolites and circulating metabolites in adolescents is barely known, not to mention sex-dependent pattern. We...
BACKGROUND & AIMS
The interplay among dietary intake, gut microbiota, gut metabolites and circulating metabolites in adolescents is barely known, not to mention sex-dependent pattern. We aimed to explore unique profiles of gut bacterial, gut metabolites and circulating metabolites from both genders of adolescents due to BMI and eating pattern.
METHODS
Clinical indices, fecal gut microbiota, fecal and plasma metabolites, and diet intake information were collected in case-control sample matched for normal and obesity in girls (normal = 12, obesity = 12) and boys (normal = 20, obesity = 20), respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics was performed to analysis the signature of gut microbiota and metabolites. Unique profiles of girls associated with BMI and eating pattern was revealed by Spearman's correlations analysis, co-occurrence network analysis, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
RESULTS
Gender difference was found between normal and obese adolescents in gut microbiota, fecal metabolites, and plasma metabolites. The Parabacteroides were only decreased in obese girls. And the characteristic of obese girls' and boys' cases in fecal and plasma was xanthine and glutamine, ornithine and LCA, respectively. Soy products intake was negatively associated with Parabacteroides. The predicted model has a higher accuracy based on the combined markers in obesity boys (AUC = 0.97) and girls (AUC = 0.97), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Reduced abundance of Phascolarctobacterium and Parabacteroides, as well as the increased fecal xanthine and ornithine, may provide a novel biomarker signature in obesity girls and boys. Soy products intake was positively and negatively associated with Romboutsia and Parabacteroides abundance, respectively. And the combined markers facilitate the accuracy of predicting obesity in girls and boys in advance.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Female; Male; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Pediatric Obesity; Feces; Metabolome; Eating; Biomarkers; Ornithine; Xanthines
PubMed: 36351362
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.10.009